POTATO IN CEREAL BASED SYSTEM TO MEET FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTH ASIA

Mohinder Singh Kadian

Lowland Potato Leader: Asia, CIP- Region-SWCA DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-12, India. m.kadian@cgiar.org

EAPR: July 6-11,2014Brussels, Belgium

1.Introduction

2. Potato in Sub-tropical

Lowlands of South Asia (SA)

3.Constraints to wide adoption

4. Targeting systems

5. CIP-Research and Development

Strategy for SA

Outline

Introduction:

South Asia was last reported at 69.86% living in rural area in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012.

The prediction by the French Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) is that India alone will succeed China in population by 2050 with a population of 1.6 billion which would give South Asia the highest global population.

Malnutrition is still a major problem inSouth-Asia despite economic growth and reduction in poverty as about half of the children below five are stunted (47% in 2008 according to WDI).

 Country

 Area (Ha) Production(MT) Productivity (T/Ha)

Afghanistan 21,500 235,000 10.93

Bangladesh 534,000 

9,740,000 

18.24 

India 

1,900,000 

45,000,000 

23.68 

Nepal 

190,250 

2,584,301 13.58 

Pakistan 

185,100 

4,104,400 

22.17 

Indonesia 

64,518 

1,068,800 

16.57 

Vietnam 

40,000 

440,000 

11.00 

China 5,431,700 85,920,000 15.82

SOURCE: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2013

FAO 2012

Country Area

(HA)

Per cent area

in lowlands & highlands

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Lowland Highland

1,000 20,500

534,000 ----

----- 5,981

1,715,000 185,000

57,000 133,250

166,590 18,510

---- 4,870

Lowland Highland

5 95

100 ---

--- 100

89 11

30 70

90 10

--- 100

Potato Statistics of Lowland /highland- SWA: 2012

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Latitude

Winter WheatPotato

Rice Wheat

Rice Potato

PotatoRice Rice

Potato Potato

Temperate Lowlands

(240,000 ha)

Temperate Highlands

(186,500 ha)

W. Wheat

********************************************************************

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Potato

S. Wheat/Barley S. Wheat/Barley

Potato

**************************************************************************

SubtropicalLowlands

(2989500 ha excluding China

and Vietnam)

Sub-TropicalHighlands

(451,000 ha excluding China and Vietnam)

Potato Potato

WheatWheat Rice

Maize Maize

E. Rice L. Rice Potato E. Rice

PotatoMaize/Vegetables Potato

Growing season by latitude for potato within a cereal‐based cropping system.

Country Varieties grown % area under variety

Afghanistan Kufri Chandramukhi

Kufri Luavkar

Cardinal

Others

70

20

15

5

Bangladesh Diamant

Local (indigenous)

Cardinal

Others

55

18

16

11

Bhutan Desiree

Others

90

10

India Kufri Jyoti

Kufri Bahar

Kufri Pukhraj

Others

32

32

8

28

Potato varieties cultivated in SWA region

Nepal Kufri Sindhuri

Kufri Jyoti

Desiree

Cardinal

Others

TPS

20

17

12

10

35

6

Pakistan Desiree

Others (Dutch varieties)

Diamant

Others (more than 12 varieties)

35

22

11

32

Country Varieties grown % area under variety

Potato varieties cultivated in SWA region

Country Pathogen & % damage

Afghanistan Cutworms: 20-30

Viruses: 20-30

Bangladesh Late blight: 20-50

Viruses: 10-70

India Late blight: 10-70

Viruses: 5-60

Bacterial wilt: 0-30

Country Pathogen & % extend of damage

Pakistan Late blight: 10-80

Viruses: 10-70

Nepal Late blight: 10-80

Viruses: 10-70

PTM: 0-60

LB damage

Potato

1st Transplanted boro rice

Boro nursery

2nd Transplanting after potato harvest

Constraints to wide adaptation of potato in the system

--------------------------------------------------------------------------Lack of country and region specific varieties:

- 70 day varieties for cereal based system

Lack of abiotic stress tolerant varieties for cereal based system

Heat tolerant

2. Drought tolerant1.Heat tolerant

3.Salinity tolerant4. FROST Tolerant

50 million ha-dry-land

Germplasm/ Cultivars

KARNAL BURDWAN LDLOL

YR-1 Yr-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean

CP-4054 CIP(397065.28)

33.2 47.9 40.55 51.8 48.5 50.15 36.1 41.6 38.85

K. Badshah 22.5 29.7 26.1 53.3 33.7 43.5 39.4 29.8 34.6K. Bahar 16.5 22.0 19.25 - - - - - -K. Jyoti 18.5 18.5 44.1 35.8 39.95 28.9 28.9 K. Lauvkar 16.3 16.3 48.7 48.7 18.6 21.3 19.95CD (0.05) 5.14 1.26 7.12 3.39 6.48 2.67CV (%) 15.22 5.17 10.4 5.99 13.28 5.93

One CIP clone recommended for on-farm trials for variety release Marketable yield (t/ha) at 90 DAP

Germplasm/ Cultivars

KARNAL BURDWAN LADOL

YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean

CP-4054 (CIP 397065.28)

19.83 19.25 19.54 16.80 17.48 17.14 18.97 21.67 20.32

K. Badshah 17.43 17.75 17.59 16.10 18.48 17.29 16.90 17.88 17.39

K. Bahar 18.47 17.75 18.11 - - - - - -

K. Jyoti 18.50 - 18.50 15.80 17.13 16.47 16.23 16.23

K. Lauvkar 19.40 - 19.40 17.20 - 17.20 17.17 17.60 17.39

CD (0.05) 0.95 0.44 0.53 1.82 0.46

CV (%) 2.81 3.37 2.00 5.53 1.53

Per Cent Tuber Dry Matter

Tuber characters : White, Oval, Shallow eyes, White Flesh

- LB resistant varieties

Change in climate particularly high temperatures and more foggy days during autumn season has reduced poor farmer’s income through decreased potato productivity and degrading ecosystem by applying more pesticides

LB-devastated field

Truthful Seed;1. Private sector2. NGOs3. BADC

Local potato varieties

Farmers based seed production in Bangladesh (CIP/TCRC)

G-4

G-3

G-5

Availability Quality Seed.

BangladeshSeed requirement: 0.75 million tons

Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute and BRAC (NGO) main seed producing sectors

Quality seed produced locally meets 6% requirement (BADC,BRAC,BARI)

Seed imported in 2010: 7000 MT

Low cost seed production system in Temporary net houses: BRAC-Bangladesh

Total Cost: US $ 35000/ha (Rs. 180,000) for one hectare

Detail cost :

Mesh size 40 mm for protecting from aphids

Life of net house: 5-7 Years 50 labor needed to install one hectare net house

10 to 12.5 MT per hectare mini-tubers are produced from in-vitro plant in one ha net house

Pakistan

• Nearly 1500 MT seed is produced annually to meets about 2 % seed requirement

• Between 5000-7000 MT seed is imported annually

• The traders are the sole agents to import & sell seed

• The farmers use imported seed for 3-4 generations • Farmers like Dutch seed compared to certified seed

produced by public sectors of Pakistan

Potato seed movement

INDIA

Potato Area:i) Plains 85%ii) Hills: 8%iii)Plateau: 7%

Seed demands met:i)25% Formalii)75% Informal

Lack of Proper Value Change

<3-6% potato processed is process in SWA

- < 2% proceeded in Pakistan, Bangladesh Nepal

ICM training for quality seed production in SA

Capacity Building

Maharashtra-IndiaJalalabad-Afghanistan

Parwan-Afghanistan

South Bangladesh

CIP’s Targets for Sub-Tropical Lowlands

1. Agile Potato: A 70- 90-day potato resistant to heat and viruses and with good processing quality complement to low-income cereals (rice, wheat) in lowlands.

2. Regional frameworksInclusion of potato as a food security crop in the Regional policy of China, India, Bangladesh and Pakistancreating political will and an enabling planning framework for expansion.

3. National frameworks and country targetingNational programs develop their capacities and research partnerships for PPP, trained manpower, and sufficient infrastructure and resources combined with the existing and potential density of population to reach large number of households.

4. Strategy to reach maximum poor stakeholders New, early, and medium duration varieties resistant to abiotic (heat and drought) and biotic (virus, LB) stresses with specific postharvest use will address current producers’ and market needs as well as food security for vulnerable households.

CIP-Research and Development Strategy for SA SO2: Enhancing Food Security in Asia through the Intensification of Local Cereal-based Systems with the “Precocious Potato”

Accelerated breeding methods:Accelerated breeding methods:

Breeding technology for constraints such as Breeding technology for constraints such as

virus diseases, heat and drought stresses, virus diseases, heat and drought stresses,

earliness, and day-neutrality to enable resilient earliness, and day-neutrality to enable resilient

and precocious potato varieties to be developed.. and precocious potato varieties to be developed..

Options for demand expansionOptions for demand expansion.. Value chain Value chain

studies to assess demand to avoid overproduction studies to assess demand to avoid overproduction

by to investigating (1) the opportunities for regional trade of seed and ware potatoes & (2) to enhance the processing from 3–6% in the region by to investigating (1) the opportunities for regional trade of seed and ware potatoes & (2) to enhance the processing from 3–6% in the region to 20% by 2020. to 20% by 2020.

•Fast track systems for effective variety identification and releaseFast track systems for effective variety identification and release.. The benefits of PVS approaches to accelerate the release and acceptance of new varieties by multiple stakeholders will produce The benefits of PVS approaches to accelerate the release and acceptance of new varieties by multiple stakeholders will produce evidence to influence the decision making of local and central authorities. evidence to influence the decision making of local and central authorities. •Strategies for ecological intensification of farming system with potatoStrategies for ecological intensification of farming system with potato.. Research on nutrient cycling, water harvest, sustainable soil, and pest management will contribute to resilient landscapes and Research on nutrient cycling, water harvest, sustainable soil, and pest management will contribute to resilient landscapes and increasing crop productivity. increasing crop productivity. •Strategies for going to scaleStrategies for going to scale. SO 2 will continue to work and build the capacity of traditional longstanding national partners, NARS, farmers associations, and NGOs and create regional training hubs in . SO 2 will continue to work and build the capacity of traditional longstanding national partners, NARS, farmers associations, and NGOs and create regional training hubs in India. India.

• Fast track systems for effective variety identification and Fast track systems for effective variety identification and releaserelease.. The benefits of PVS approaches to accelerate the The benefits of PVS approaches to accelerate the release and acceptance of new varieties by multiple release and acceptance of new varieties by multiple stakeholders authorities. stakeholders authorities.

• Strategies for ecological intensification of farming Strategies for ecological intensification of farming system with potatosystem with potato.. Research on nutrient cycling, water Research on nutrient cycling, water harvest, sustainable soil, and pest management will harvest, sustainable soil, and pest management will contribute to resilient landscapes and increasing crop contribute to resilient landscapes and increasing crop productivity. productivity.

• Strategies for going to scaleStrategies for going to scale. Build the capacity of . Build the capacity of traditional longstanding national partners, NARS, farmers traditional longstanding national partners, NARS, farmers associations, and NGOs and create regional training hubs in associations, and NGOs and create regional training hubs in India. India.