Postwar Troubles

Chapter 22 Section 1

• A. Demobilization– War ended—business wasn’t ready • 4.5 million soldiers back to work• Unemployment rose—women went back home• $2,000,000,000 in cancelled contracts

– 12% unemployment– Working conditions and pay were bad

• Labor Strife– 3,600 work stoppages—4 million workers in 1919– Seattle General strike• 60,000 workers left their jobs

– Boston Police Strike• 75% went on strike• State militia called in

• C. The Red Scare– Anticommunist hysteria in America – Marxists taught about total government control– Resulted after Bolshevik Revolution– Palmer raids• Captured alleged radicals

• D. Sacco and Vanzetti– Fish peddlers– Charged with murder of a paymaster—1920– Judge Thayer convicted them• August 23, 1927• Put to death

Republicans in Power

Chapter 22 Section 2

• A. The election of 1920– Republican Warren G. Harding– Democrat James Cox– Harding won with 60% of vote• Pro business platform• Promised aid to farmers

• B. Harding’s Pro-Business Administration– Less gov’t in business and more business in gov’t– Two Goals• 1. Reduce National Debt• 2. Promote Economic Growth

– War spending increased debt 1 billion to 25 billion– Less Taxes on the rich

• C. Effect of Republican Politics– 1000 mergers took place– American Plan—Union Free/Open Shops

• D. New Direction for Women– 19th Amendment– Feminists– Equal Rights Amendment• Failed to pass

• E. The Enduring Republican Presidency– Harding Scandals– Teapot Dome Scandal• Albert Fall

– Calvin Coolidge• “The business of America is Business”

• F. Election of 1928– Hoover won with 58% of vote

A Nation Divided

Chapter 22 Section 3

• A. African Americans move Northward– 1920’s 800,000 African Americans moved– 1930 2.5 million had moved• Economic opportunities• Life free from discrimination• Racial violence in Northern cities

– 1919 25 race riots

• B. The Return of the Jedi KKK– Reestablished in 1915• Preacher William Simmons

– 5 million people belonged• 1920s

– Down to 9,000 in 1930s

• C. African Americans Defend their Rights– NAACP • Formed anti-lynching committee

– African Americans Unionize• Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

– Marcus Garvey supported nationalism• New political state in Africa• Steam ship company

• D. Immigration Restrictions– 1920 25% of nation was foreign born– 1921—congress passed law limiting immigration• Immigration act of 1924• 3% of each nationality already in country

• E. Mexican American Migration– 1920s—500,000 arrived from Mexico• Filled low wage jobs

• F. American Indian Life– Dawes Act—Americanized Indians• Gave them land• Forced speaking of English• Indians gave away most of the land

Country Activity• Garvey created a push for nationalism in a

country in Africa for Blacks• If you were in Garvey’s place? Where would

you go?– Choose a spot in the world you’d start a colony• Take into consideration climate, number of people

you’d take, biomes, relations with neighboring countries, etc

– Write a 1 page paper supporting your trip to a prospective client/supporter