Running Protocols ● Method: ○ Connex® Spot Monitor was used to test

SpO2, blood pressure and heart rate levels during continuously running on treadmill

○ Lactate meter was used to test lactate level during continuously running on treadmill

○ The relationship between lactate and SpO2 was evaluated

Treadmill Running Test Connex® Spot Monitor ● Results ○  There was no correlation found between

lactate and SpO2 level. ○ We decided to turn to NIR technology to

develop a new device to detect lactate.

Lactate (mmol/L) vs. SpO2 (%) NIR tech in a Pulse Oximeter ○ Near infrared light shined through finger

causes molecules to vibrate ○  2 LED’s: 660nm & 940 nm ○ Ratio of relative absorbances gives percent

of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood

Our Lactate Sensor Method: ○ Replaced 940nm LED in pulse oximeter

circuit with 1700nm ○ Added photodetector that detects light in

the NIR range

Proposed Experiments In Vitro Experiment:

Our goal for our in vitro experiment is to show the proof of concept that our device can determine the difference between different concentrations of lactate. Cuvettes of different concentrations of lactate will be beneath the two LEDs to compare how much light passes through. In Vivo Experiment:

Our goal for our in vivo experiment is to show the proof of concept that our device can determine the difference between different concentrations of lactate within the blood. A baseline measurement will be taken. Exercise will be used to increase the patient’s blood lactate concentration. Acknowledgements: Project has been conducted on behalf of our sponsor, Welch Allyn, and with the guidance of Dr. Newton de Faria and Jack Thompson Jr.

Noninvasive Lactate Detection Team members: Biagio DiSavlo, Xinyi Liu, Lauren Nelson, Ruiqi Hu, Cher-Chia Yeh

Introduction Objectives: To noninvasively and accurately detect and monitor blood lactate concentration in patients in a general care setting. Our Initial Thoughts: ● Research shows that blood lactate

concentration correlates with muscle oxygenation concentration.

● SpO2, however, is an easier measurement to take.

● We hoped to correlate lactate concentration with SpO2 or create an algorithm with several parameters including SpO2, heart rate, perfusion index and blood pressure.

Definition of Sepsis ● Possibly fatal complication of an infection ● Organ failure is caused by unregulated immune

response to an infection

Our initial goal was to noninvasively and accurately detect and monitor blood lactate concentration as a biomarker for the onset of sepsis . However, we were basing our experiments on lactate values determined by old studies and the SIRS criteria. Very recent studies have changed the definition of sepsis and experts have created a new list of parameters as seen in the tables below.

Table 1: New parameters for initial Diagnosis (qSOFA) Table 2: Parameters for determining severity

Parameter Normal Physiologic Conditions

Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

Glasgow Coma Scale >15 <15

Respiratory rate 12-20 breaths per minute

≥22 breaths per minute

Blood Pressure 120/80 for men 110/70 for women

≤100 mm Hg