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In the last 30 years, rates of obesity, defined as greater than

the 95th percentile for body mass index (BMI) for age–gender,

have more than doubled in adolescents ages 12 to 19 years old

(Lutfiyya et al., 2008).

Twenty-five percent of obese adults were overweight as

children and researchers reported that if overweight begins

before 8 years of age, obesity in adulthood is likely to be more

severe (Freedman et al., 2001).

In homes where English was not the primary language, studies

have reported an inverse association with physical activity (PA)

participation. A higher prevalence of obesity in homes where

English was not the primary language has also been reported (Liu

et al., 2009).

Socioeconomic characteristics of schools can be community

barriers to PA among underserved children. A national study that

surveyed parents of early adolescents in homes where English

was not the primary language spoken found key barriers to their

children’s participation in PA included:

Expenses related to PA programs.

Issues with transportation to the PA programs.

Lack of PA opportunities in their communities.

(Duke, Huhman, & Heitzler, 2003)

INTRODUCTION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Linguistic Isolation, Overweight, and Insufficient Vigorous Physical Activity among Florida Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to explore linguistic isolation as a

social correlate of being overweight and getting sufficient PA among

adolescents across Florida (FL) counties.

Research Question: Is linguistic isolation among

middle school and high school adolescents associated

with them being overweight and/or engaging in less

than sufficient amounts of vigorous PA?

OBJECTIVES

RESULTS

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Adolescent and school health. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/physicalactivity/facts.htm

2. Duke, J., Huhman, M., & Heitzler, C. (2003). Physical activity levels among children aged 9–13 years — United States, 2002. Morbidity and Mortality

Weekly Report, 52(33), 785–788. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5233al.htm

3. Freedman, D. S., Khan, L. K., Dietz, W. H., Srinivasan, S. R., & Berenson, G. S. (2001). Relationship of childhood overweight to coronary heart disease

risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics, 108(3), 712–718. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content

/abstract/108/3/712

4. Liu J, Probst JC, Harun N, Bennett KJ, Torres ME. (2009). Acculturation, physical activity, and obesity among Hispanic adolescents. Ethnicity and Health,

14(5):509-25. PubMed.

5. Lutfiyya, M. N., Garcia, R., Dankwa, C. M., Young, T., & Lipsky, M. S. (2008). Overweight and obese prevalence rates in African American and Hispanic

children: An analysis of data from the 2003–2004 National Survey Of Children’s Health. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 21(3), 191–199.

doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2008. 03.070207

6. Strong, L. L., Anderson, C. B., Miranda, P. Y., Bondy, M. L., Zhou, R., Etzel, C., & ... Wilkinson, A. V. (2012). Gender differences in sociodemographic and

behavioral influences of physical activity in Mexican-origin adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 9(6), 829-839.

As the percentage of of linguistic isolation increased

among middle school students across FL counties, so did

their reports of not participating in sufficient vigorous

PA.

Linguistically isolated middle school students may be

marginalized.

Linguistically isolated middle school students may lack the

confidence needed to participate.

The ability of linguistically isolated middle school students to

participate in PA may be affected by their home life.

Linguistically isolated middle school students enrolled in

schools residing in socioeconomically depressed neighborhoods

may have more underserved children when it comes to PA and

the physical education (PE) curriculum.

Once median household income was employed as a

control, only associations reported by middle school

students, but not high school ones, remained significant.

Perhaps high school students have had more time to assimilate

with their peers.

Some high school students may have jobs and thus more

discretionary money than middle school students, relatively-

speaking.

It could be that high school students tend to be more involved

in social situations because some can drive, etc.

Despite some differences in reports from middle and high

school students regarding being overweight and not receiving

sufficient PA, both measures of adolescent health status stand to

benefit from improvements in the social, economic, and school

district systems.

Claire Caillouet, Emerge Undergraduate Researcher Karla A. Caillouet, M.S. (PEH Doctoral Mentor)

F. Stephen Bridges, Ed.D. (Faculty Advisor) Department of Health, Leisure, & Exercise Science

University of West Florida

METHODS

Study Variables:

Assumptions:

First we analyzed the data to make sure it met the appropriate assumptions, including:

Linearity of relationships

Homoscedasticity

Normal distribution

The data met all of the assumptions except the data for high school insufficient vigorous PA had 5 outliers, which we excluded for statistical

analysis. Statistical analysis performed was a Partial r correlation.

DISCUSSION

No significant association was found for any of the 3 measures of linguistic isolation and overweight among middle

school students.

Among high school adolescents there was an inverse/negative and significant association between linguistic isolation and being

overweight for one measure of linguistic isolation: Percentage of Population 5 Years and Over that Speak a Language other than English at

Home; but was not true for the other measures of linguistic isolation. The association disappeared when controlling for median

household income.

Somewhat similarly, insufficient vigorous physical activity and linguistic isolation were found to be associated among high school

students for the measure of linguistic isolation of the Percentage of Population 5 Years and Over that Speak a Language other than English at

Home. This association disappeared among the high school students after controlling for median household income.

Linguistic isolation among middle school students was associated with reports of them obtaining insufficient vigorous physical activity

across FL counties, even after controlling for median household income.

FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

According to the CDC, PA decreases as adolescents get older

(CDC, 2012). On the other hand, once controls were employed,

no associations were found for high school students amongst these

variables. This suggests a lower percentage of those not receiving

sufficient, vigorous PA being reported.

Future research should focus on these differences (middle vs

high school) with an attempt to understand exactly what is

occurring.

Future research could also control for other variables such as

education and employment status.

3 Measures of linguistic isolation defined by Florida

CHARTS (Community Health Assessment Resource Tool

Set):

1) Little English Spoken 2006 to 2010 in 67 FL counties.

2) Percentage of population over 5 years of age that

doesn’t speak English 2006 to 2010 in 67 FL counties.

3) Percentage of population 5 years of age and over that

speak a language other than English at home 2006 to

2010 in 67 FL counties.

2 Measures of overweight and insufficient vigorous PA were

considered:

1) Middle School Students

2) High School Students

Florida CHARTS defines overweight as being at or above

the 95th percentile for BMI for age and gender.

Insufficient vigorous physical activity is defined as failing to

participate in physical activity that makes you sweat or

breathe hard for 20 minutes or more, on 3 or more of the 7

days preceding the survey.