POST WAR PERIODPrepared by:

Jade ParochelinMarch Gernine Agaucito

Quinnie Sequito

1.) NEWSPAPER

• The Chronicle/ The Manila Chronicle (1945) – was put up by a group of prewar newspaperman but was sold few years later to Don Eugenio Lopez, businessman and brother of Vice-President Fernando Lopez.

The Manila Chronicle

Eugenio Lopez(Businessman)

Vice-President Fernando Lopez

• Manila Bulletin and Philippines Herald- prewar newspapers that were revived. The Tribune was not. Joaquin Roces, who had taken over the newspaper business from his father, put up the new Manila Times in place of the Tribune.

Revived Newspapers

The Tribune was not revived

Joaquin Roces put up Manila Times

• The Tagalog member of TVT (Taliba) was revived but the Spanish paper (La Vanguardia) was never reestablished.

Taliba was revived

La Vanguardia was never reestablished

• Roces put up an afternoon paper, The Daily Mirror,and together with the Weekly Women’s Magazine (the leading women’s magazine in the country before martial law), the Roces newspaper chain was reestablished.

• Manila Times led all the Philippine English language dailies in circulation, with an audience circulation of 250000 copies daily.

• Manila Chronicle was building up a name as a paper of quality. Under its new editor, Rod Reyes, the Chronicle developed its interpretative reporting and perfected its offset process printing

2.) TELEVISION

• Febraury 1950 – a professor and his students successfully demonstrated their homemade receiving set at University of Santo Tomas.

• Two year later, Feati University opened an experimental television station

Homemade Receiving Set

Feati University

• 1953 – commercial television came to the Philippines• DZAQ-TV Channel 3 –was the very first station. It was opened by Alto

Broadcasting in Manila. AQ in the station’s call letters stood for Antonio Quirino, the owner of the station and brother of then President Elpidio Quirino

Antonio Quirino

• Bolinao Broadcasting Corporation (1952) – the franchise to operate the first TV station granted by the Congress, which was owned by an American, James Lindberg

• Judge Antonio Quirino bought Bolinao Broadcasting in 1952 and thus earned the right to start the first TV station in the Philippines. Bolinao continued to operate radio stations.

• By today’s standards, DZAQ-TV Chanel 3 in those days was crude. It started on a four-hour-a-day schedule (6-10 p.m.) and telecast only over a 50-mile radius.

• The prospects were dim for the future of the television in the country that time. There were mountains to overcome: there were no TV sets, there were no advertisers and production cost were high.

• 1957- the Chronicle Broadcasting Network which started with radio in 1956 and which was owned by the Lopez brothers, Fernando and Eugenio bought Alto Broadcasting Network. It opened another tv station, DZXL-TV Channel 9.

• ABS-CBN – became the first radio-TV network in the Philippines, operating the only two TV channels at the time.

• 1960 – Republic Broadcasting System, owned by Bob Stewart, who started with radio in 1950, opened another TV station, DZBB-TV Channel 7.

• 1966- only a little over ten years after television came to the Philippines, there were 18 privately-owned TV channels in the country, with a viewership of more than one million during the peak hours of 7 to 10 p.m.

• The first provincial television station was Channel 3 in Cebu by ABS-CBN

• With its two other provincial stations in Bacolod and Dagupan, ABS-CBN in 1968 became the largest radio-television network in the Philippines with five TV and 20 radio stations

• 1969- ABS-CBN made television history when it covered live the Apollo11 moon shot.

3.) PHILIPPINE MASS MEDIA BEFORE MARTIAL LAW

• September 21 1972 – The Philippine mass media was proclaimed. It described broadly in the following terms:

• A.) They were privately owned and independent of government control• B.) They were multilingual, but leadership was exercised by the English

language press• C.) They were Manila-centered and underdeveloped in the provinces• D.) They were politically free but were controlled by big business.• E.) They lacked ethics and professionalism

A.) PRIVATELY OWNED• Philippine News Service – only one domestic news agency which was

cooperative of the Manila newspaper.• Bureau of Printing – the government printing arm• Government Report – was scoffed at by the mass media people and by

the elite.• National Media Production Center – produced films, pamphlets and

other audio-visual aids for the government day after day.• Traditional Roles of the mass media: to inform the people and

comment on the issues

B.) MULTILINGUAL• English and Tagalog – as the main vehicles of communication• English, Tagalog, Visayan, Ilocano and Bicolano – five spoken by the

majority of the Filipinos• English and one of the local language – average educated Filipino• Spanish, English and Filipino- three official languages.• Pilipino was the old name for the national language but in the 1987

Constitution, Pilipino was changed to Filipino

• Philippine Mass Media Directory (1966)- listed 1,193 print journalists in the country before martial law.

• Manila Times, Manila Chronicle, Philippine Herald, Manila Bulletin, Daily Mirror and Manila Evening News – leading dailies all published in English.

• Philippine Free Press and Weekly Graphic – leading weekly magazines

C.) MANILA-CENTERED• 17 dailies in Manila had a total estimated circulation of 985674 in 1970• 16 leading magazines in 1970 had a total estimated circulation of 970000• Eighteen television stations in the country, seven, or almost half of the

total, were located in the Greater Manila Area• Out of 732 theaters surveyed in 1969, 121 were found to be in the Manila

area.• In 1966, radio was found in 88 percent of homes in the Greater Manila

area, compared to 51 percent of homes in Luzon, 42 percent in Mindanao, and 36 percent in the Visayas

D.) PRESS FREEDOM• The Philippine Constitution of 1935 and 1973 – guaranteed that “no law

shall be passed abridging freedom of the speech and the press.• September 21 1972 – the Philippine press appeared free before martial

law• Philippine and Austrian newsmen – only journalist in the world whose

sources of news were protected. Filipino journalist protected by the laws of libel and privilege

• Philippine press – enjoyed great political freedom in the theory.

E.) ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM

• The most articulate and the most powerful critic of the Philippine press before martial law was no less than President Ferdinand Marcos himself.

• In his book, Today’s Revolution:Democracy, published in 1971, President Marcos complained that the Philippine mass media were sensational, unfair, irresponsible, and unethical and were used by their President Marcos said in his book

• “Editorial prerogative” – has been used to justify what is best described as selective journalism

• Repression only made the press worse

REFERENCES:• Philippine Communication Today (Edited By: Crispin Maslog)• Phillippine Communication: An Introduction (By: Crispin Maslog

Forward by: Senator Orlando Mercado)

THE END !!!!!