Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and …...Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and...

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 10 (2016) 1373-1383 doi: 10.17265/1934-7359/2016.12.008 Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan Rami Al-Shawabkeh 1 , Mwfeq Ibraheem Alhaddad 2 and Firas Gandah 2 1. Department of Architecture, Al-Albayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan 2. Department of Architecture, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan Abstract: POE (post-occupancy evaluation) of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative method) by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan. Key words: Post occupancy evaluation, Amman City Hall, ceremonial and public building. 1. Introduction Evaluation of post-occupancy is a process to assess the facilities, organization and accurate systematic way in the post-construction works, in order to know the needs of users and their requirements and the extent to which decisions design to these needs. The evaluation is primarily concerned with collecting information about buildings and their occupants through field observation, interviews, questionnaires, site visits, which represent the evaluation of the users of the building [1, 2]. In the current situation, building occupants seek to get efficiency and comfort in their offices. Occupants give the priority in terms of comfort ability to use the Corresponding author: Rami Al-Shawabkeh, Dr., research field: architecture. available services and facilities as it has to be fit for the purpose of the user. It is probable that work productivity of occupants is being interrupted due to poor indoor-environmental conditions. The question is, how the indoor environment of the ceremonial and public building can meet the user’s satisfaction using the building elements and facilities fitting the user’s purpose? The study therefore aims to explore guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the ceremonial and public buildings in Amman by determining occupants’ satisfaction in terms of indoor environment, namely: (1) air movement; (2) noise pollution; (3) security; (4) cleanliness; (5) visual comfort; (6) thermal comfort; and (7) overall comfort. This research is limited to the building occupants in one public building only. D DAVID PUBLISHING

Transcript of Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and …...Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and...

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 10 (2016) 1373-1383 doi: 10.17265/1934-7359/2016.12.008

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public

Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

Rami Al-Shawabkeh1, Mwfeq Ibraheem Alhaddad2 and Firas Gandah2

1. Department of Architecture, Al-Albayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan

2. Department of Architecture, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan

Abstract: POE (post-occupancy evaluation) of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative method) by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan. Key words: Post occupancy evaluation, Amman City Hall, ceremonial and public building.

1. Introduction

Evaluation of post-occupancy is a process to assess

the facilities, organization and accurate systematic way

in the post-construction works, in order to know the

needs of users and their requirements and the extent to

which decisions design to these needs. The evaluation

is primarily concerned with collecting information

about buildings and their occupants through field

observation, interviews, questionnaires, site visits,

which represent the evaluation of the users of the

building [1, 2].

In the current situation, building occupants seek to

get efficiency and comfort in their offices. Occupants

give the priority in terms of comfort ability to use the

Corresponding author: Rami Al-Shawabkeh, Dr., research

field: architecture.

available services and facilities as it has to be fit for the

purpose of the user. It is probable that work

productivity of occupants is being interrupted due to

poor indoor-environmental conditions. The question is,

how the indoor environment of the ceremonial and

public building can meet the user’s satisfaction using

the building elements and facilities fitting the user’s

purpose? The study therefore aims to explore

guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective

framework for the ceremonial and public buildings in

Amman by determining occupants’ satisfaction in

terms of indoor environment, namely: (1) air

movement; (2) noise pollution; (3) security; (4)

cleanliness; (5) visual comfort; (6) thermal comfort;

and (7) overall comfort. This research is limited to the

building occupants in one public building only.

D DAVID PUBLISHING

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1374

Among the benefits gathered from POE, it helps to

identify a wide range of successful design features to

be repeated [3-6], identify solutions to problems in

facilities, use improved space through providing a

feedback on the building performance [7], fine tune

completed buildings, ensure an active building

occupants involvement in the evaluation process and

better-informed design decision-making and

understanding of the consequences of design and

others [8].

2. Research Problem

The main research problem defined with examining

ceremonial and public buildings facilities spaces

design, and highlighting the use of various facilities

and the extent of the success of the designer ideas in

applying them. This paper seeks to explore whether the

building of Amman City Hall achieves the main

purpose that is designed for. This could be achieved

through determining occupants’ satisfaction in terms of

indoor environment.

3. Methodology

The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted

using a mixed method to achieve the main aim of this

research, including literature review of various field,

visits and direct observation and questionnaire survey.

In general, the research consists of three phases of

methodology. Firstly, defining the area of study, the

concept, approaches and scope of POE, this therefore

helped to identify the main problem. This was achieved

by using the literature review of various fields of POE.

Secondly, study visits, unstructured interviews and

direct observation as a qualitative method were used to

understand the main features of the building. This

therefore gave a clear indication for the activities and

functions relating indoor environment of the building

in order to identify the research problem. Thirdly, the

quantitative method then occurred by using a

questionnaire survey. The analysis of survey was done

by developing and distributing questionnaire to a wide

range of occupants in Amman City Hall building. All

collected data was analyzed to get the research findings

achieving the research aim. Finally, the research

proposes and recommends guidelines to improve the

indoor building environment.

4. Literature Review

Preiser and Schramm [9] pointed out that building

performance evaluation can be traced back to the early

work by Manning (1965) in England. In the 1960s and

1970s, POE was applied to individual case studies of

public and student housing sector [7, 10] in Britain,

Canada, France and United States. It was then

widespread to other facilities such as courthouses,

hospitals and prisons. By the mid of 1980s, it was

applied to commercial real estate and office buildings.

POE aims to feed forward “lessons learned” from the

analysis of findings into a process that may ensure the

application of the best practices in the future projects

[11, 12]. Zimmerman and Martin [13] stated that “The

over-arching benefit from using POE is to provide a

wide range of valuable information to support the

design criteria and guidelines by public agencies”.

Watson [6] defined POE as a systematic evaluation

about buildings in use by the occupants. POE focuses

on the ones that should not be repeated in future

designs of buildings and takes advantages of the

parameters of buildings that work well [3, 4, 14, 15].

This gives an opportunity to improve the building

performance when similar buildings need to be

developed.

Watson [6] stated that POE can be conducted at any

time in the life of a building and it is not necessary to

conduct in between the time frame. In POE, the

occupants begin to understand the implications of the

spaces and facilities they asked for [1, 5, 15]. This

helps designers to get a view of what users need and

what is important [16]. Therefore, the consequences of

this evaluation can be able to meet other objectives like

reducing maintenance operation costs and providing

design consideration for environment improvement.

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

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Vischer [17] classified POE into four separate types:

(1) building-behavior research; (2) the accumulation of

knowledge; (3) information for pre-design

programming for buildings for which design guides

may be useful; and (4) strategic space planning such as

building assessment as part of “workspace change to

bring space use more in line with intended goals of the

project”. POE is considered a tool in developing

performance measures for built space [12]. Therefore,

this study adopted the fourth type of POE to be applied

in a way that helps to achieve the main purpose of this

research, seeking to explore guidelines that can

constitute a successful and effective framework for the

ceremonial and public buildings in Amman.

In addition, Nawawi and Khalil [18] pointed out that

POE tools of occupied buildings performance are

classified in: physical measurements of indoor

environmental quality; as operating conditions;

web-based surveys; and evaluation tools such as space

utilization surveys, floor plan analysis, and social

network analysis objectively record as-occupied use of

space. For achieving the main purpose of this research,

this study used the evaluation tools that facilitate

conducting the POE process of the Amman City Hall.

The study needs to identify the main guidelines of

POE to be applied effectively. Khalil and Husin [1]

suggested an initial framework that consists of

guidelines to facilitate the application of POE for

government and public building. These proposed

guidelines consist of a systematic sequence of three

main phases of this framework represented in: (1)

planning; (2) conducting; and (3) applying. Each phase

illustrates issues or activities that need to be addressed

in the POE as follows [1]:

(1) Planning. During the planning, it determines

feasibility study of a building, reviews and provides

analysis of building, defines the building parameters,

identifies the strength and weakness of the building and

identifies who are the building occupants or users. This

is vital in setting research plan to sense the data in

terms of the questions asked at the beginning of

research;

(2) Conducting. This phase concerned with data

collection which considers the key task in conducting

POE; whether based on interviews or questionnaire. At

this phase, the evaluation takes place and all data

collection procedures have to be managed and

monitored, and then the data is analyzed;

(3) Applying. At this phase, the application of

findings and actions in response to feedbacks has to be

taken place. This phase involves reporting the findings,

recommending and planning actions, the main purpose

of this evaluation therefore could identify problem and

unsuccessful performance in facilities.

This study has sought to understand the indicators

which can be used by POE. A number of authors such

as Nawawi, Khalil, Husin, Meir, Watson and Preiser

have proposed a framework for post occupancy

evaluation [1, 6, 18-21]. Khalil and Husin [1] and

Barlex [22] pointed out that POE of the indoor

environment of building can be applied by using a set

of indicators. They affirm that such indicators could be

represented in seven key indicators to be used

effectively: (1) air movement; (2) noise pollution; (3)

security; (4) cleanliness; (5) visual comfort; (6) thermal

comfort; and (7) overall comfort [1, 18]. Therefore,

this paper uses these indicators to evaluate the indoor

environment of the public building for providing the

guidelines which can be used effectively by such

buildings.

Based on the above literature review from various

sources, this study shows that POE indicates how well

building’s performance works. Also, it provides the

process of the actual evaluation of a building

performance once in use by occupants. In addition,

Preiser [21] pointed out that POE provides an extension

to other technical evaluations like maintenance and

operation review, energy audit, building audit [5, 18].

The POE study conducted at a hall in Amman,

Jordan, is purposed to identify which improvements

could typically be made based on the results of the

assessment of indoor environment of this building as

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1376

perceived by occupants. In addition, this study

conducted a survey on workplace occupant satisfaction

in the inner spaces of the building, which revealed the

occupants’ control of the indoor climate and moreover

the perceived effect of their intervention influencing

their satisfaction with thermal indoor conditions

strongly. This research provides a significant

contribution of POE result towards improving indoor

environment to public buildings.

In summary, the literature review has highlighted the

most important issues relating the application of POE

of the public building represented in: POE types, tools,

phases and indicators. In addition, it has identified

Amman City Hall as a case study to be used as a

ceremonial and public building for the POE in Amman,

Jordan. And, also, it determines the main features of

this building that gave a clear indication for the

activities and functions relating indoor environment of

the building.

Accordingly, this research has identified the gap of

knowledge represented in lack of clear guidelines for

the public and ceremonial buildings in Amman. Hence,

these guidelines can be identified by exploring the

main indicators relating the indoor environment of

these buildings and applying them. This therefore

provides a set of successful and effective opportunities

for developing ceremonial and public buildings.

5. The Case of Amman City Hall

5.1 The Location and Architectural Value

The idea of Ras Al Ain project has been developed

in the early 90s [23, 24]. This project won the award of

Arab cities organization in 2002 due to its unique

design details which combine Islamic and Arab

contemporaneously [25, 26]. The location of Amman

City Hall was chosen to be in the centre of the Ras Al

Ain project. The City Hall building is considered as a

main part of this project which was chosen as a case

study (Fig. 1). This building was designed by Architect

Jafar Toukan with Shbeilat-Badran’s office [24, 27].

5.2 Amman City Hall Design

The City Hall building was designed based on three

principles: (1) official ceremonial nature of the

building; (2) historical characteristics of the site with

the axis of Amman; and (3) architecture relationship

with the citizen and the authority (Fig. 2).

The three-storey building includes the city hall and

staff offices, which occupied by City Hall officials and

ceremonial functions. Due to the capacity of the site

and the privacy of the place, there were no actual

regulatory restrictions on the design, but the need to

maintain public measure of height is checked with

three floors and a suitable distance from the main road

to the south side of the building.

The building was designed in the form of square that

was divided into four equal parts surrounding a circular

inner courtyard which is separated by corridors leading

to the outside, while the circular parts are connected to

each glass corridors on the upper floors (Fig. 3). The

different feature of the courtyard lies on its shape.

From this one, it is different from other courtyards

Fig. 1 External shots show the form of City Hall from outside. Source: The authors, 2016.

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1377

Fig. 2 Design parameters for Amman City Hall. Source: The authors, 2016.

Fig. 3 The design of interior courtyard of Amman City Hall. Source: The authors, 2016.

because it has a circular shape which has many

advantages that can be exploited such as the surround

[26]. Fig. 4 shows that ground floor consists of main

entrance, exhibition hall and main circular hall. The

first floor lounge also consists of Greater Amman

Municipality Council Chamber and festive dining hall,

circular lobby hall, lobby hall, meeting rooms, theater,

museums and kitchen (Fig. 5). Fig. 6 clarifies that the

second floor includes entrance lobby, the secretary

pavilion and vice president office, meeting rooms and

main offices.

The City Hall was designed to be a prominent

complex which is to show the historical values of the

place while maintaining a clear impression of the

contemporary [27]. Therefore, the edifice was adopted

in this design to apply harmony with the historical

content of the place while maintaining a clear

expression of contemporary design (Fig. 7).

Fig. 8 clarifies that the designer selected a large scale

of the cut stone that formed the main construction

material for this edifice. Stone material was selected

due to its availability in the region and durability, while

the use of high-quality marble stones came as an

external cover. The type of stone that had been selected

is Ajloun limestone; it has the advantage as a solid

punctuated by patches of iron oxide to gain the appearance

Official ceremonial nature of the

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Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1378

Fig. 4 Ground floor of City Hall (Municipality of Amman, 2015).

Fig. 5 First floor of City Hall (Municipality of Amman, 2015).

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Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1380

respondents indicated that their work productivity is

increased due to good indoor environment conditions

(75%). For the occupants overall comfort level in this

building, 69% of the respondents are in satisfactory

rating.

Based on the questionnaire findings, it could be

concluded that noise pollution, building cleanliness,

security, visual comfort and thermal comfort constitute

the highest percentage in terms of occupants’

comfortability. However, this research provides a set of

ways to mitigate the problems associated with indoor

environment of the buildings, which may give an

opportunity to improve building performance as

follows:

(1) Air Movement

The overall quality of indoor natural ventilation:

Allocating lower window openings to improve natural

ventilation penetration;

The control over natural ventilation: Allow staff

to have control of the window openings;

The air is stale: Providing CO2 sensors during

periods of high occupancy where these sensors alert the

system to draw stale air from adjacent zones and allow

to increase fresh air ventilation;

(2) Overall comfort

Horizontal circulation: Improving the horizontal

circulation for occupants by using reconfiguration of

spatial spaces for indoor environment in the building.

This therefore will give an opportunity to organize their

horizontal circulation between indoor spaces without

obstacles;

Vertical circulation: Providing a set of stairs

moving staff between floors to improve the quality of

vertical circulation in an easy way for occupants;

Spatial spaces configuration: Reconfiguration of

spatial spaces of the indoor environment to be used in

better way for occupants. This can be done through

taking into account their views for their spaces;

The overall areas of the main entrances, exhibition

hall, dining hall andlobby hall spaces: The work on

increasing the main areas of main entrances, exhibition

hall, dining hall and lobby hall spaces to be used by the

occupants comfortably and effectively. This work can

be done through taking advantage of reconfiguration of

spatial spaces for indoor environment in the building;

The overall quality of the main entrances,

exhibition hall, dining hall and lobby hall spaces:

Providing the main requirements of occupants through

enriching these indoor spaces using new materials,

elements and areas. This therefore will help creating an

appropriate quality of the main entrances, exhibition

hall, dining hall and lobby hall spaces for the

occupants.

7. Conclusions and Recommendations

By effective implementation of POE, it is concluded

that POE provides significant impact on creating

change in terms of improving building environment in

two ways. The first, by providing lessons and feedback

that can be used to improve indoor environment design

for the similar future projects. This can therefore lead

to enhancing quality of indoor environment by

identifying which gaps in understanding of occupants

needs that impact on the building performance. Second,

by providing a benchmark of analysis to show how

indoor environment management of building meets the

needs of occupants. This was achieved by empowering

occupants as post occupancy evaluation.

By providing an effective framework that includes

guidelines/opportunities for improvement the

relationships between building performance and

occupants behavior, POE plays a significant role in

developing and motivating the building productivity.

This was achieved by creating indoor environmental

comfort and control over environmental conditions for

the occupants. It is suggested that POE should be

applied as a real act in Jordan as a benchmarking or tool

through comparing across projects and over time,

which helps progress towards sustainable environment.

In general, POE is a continuous act to evaluate the

building performance in certain time. POE does not

only highlight immediate problems constituting

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

1381

disruption in building performance, which can be

solved and addressed, but also gives an opportunity to

avoid emergence of defect in performance of building.

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189-220.

[21] Preiser , W. F. E. 2002. The Evolution of Post Occupancy

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[22] Barlex, M. 2006. Guide to Post Occupancy Evaluation.

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Indicators No. Questions Likert-Scale

1 2 3 4 5

Air movement

1 How satisfied are you with the provision of air movement in this building? (e.g., openings)

Very unsatisfactory 3%

Unsatisfactory 8%

Medium 3

Satisfactory 75%

Very satisfactory 11%

2 What is your rate for the overall quality of indoor natural ventilation in this building?

Very poor 10%

Poor 56%

Medium 22%

Good 10%

Very good 2%

3 How satisfied are you with the control over natural ventilation? Very unsatisfactory 16%

Unsatisfactory 53%

Medium 17%

Satisfactory 11%

Very satisfactory 3%

4 What is your rate for the overall quality of indoor artificial ventilation?

Very poor 0%

Poor 3%

Medium 12%

Good 15%

Very good 70%

5 How satisfied are you with the control over artificial ventilation? Very unsatisfactory 3%

Unsatisfactory 6%

Medium 14%

Satisfactory 64%

Very satisfactory 13%

6 Is the air fresh or stale? Too stale 15%

Stale 55%

Medium 21%

Fresh 7%

Too fresh 2%

7 Is the air humid or dry? Too humid 5%

Humid 7%

Medium 7%

Dry 68%

Too dry 13%

Noise pollution

8 How do you feel with the noise in the building? Very noisy 0%

Noisy 4%

Medium 4%

Quite 7%

Very quite 85%

9 How satisfied are you with the overall quality of noise control or vibration in this building? (e.g., from traffic, mechanical systems)

Very unsatisfactory 0%

Unsatisfactory 3%

Medium 10%

Satisfactory 9%

Very satisfactory 78%

Security

10 How satisfied are you with the building that meets your needs? Very unsatisfactory 0%

Unsatisfactory 1%

Medium 7%

Satisfactory 10%

Very satisfactory 82%

11 How satisfied are you with the provision of privacy within the building when needed?

Very unsatisfactory 0%

Unsatisfactory 0%

Medium 3%

Satisfactory 23%

Very satisfactory 74%

12 How safe do you feel in the building? Very unsafe 0%

Unsafe 1%

Medium 4%

Safe 7%

Very safe 88%

Cleanliness 13 How would you rate the level of cleanliness of the building? Very dirty 2%

Dirty 4%

Medium 8%

Clean 15%

Very Clean 71%

Visual comfort

14 How satisfied are you with the views from inside the building to outside the building?

Very unsatisfactory 2%

Unsatisfactory 5%

Medium 2%

Satisfactory 61%

Very satisfactory 30%

15 How would you describe the blinds/shutters effective in blocking out natural light?

Very ineffective 0%

Ineffective 1%

Medium 3%

Effective 72%

Very effective 24%

16 What is your rate for the amount of natural daylight overall in the building?

Too dark 0%

Dark 3%

Medium 4%

Bright 53%

Too bright 40%

17 How satisfied are you with the quality of artificial light overall in the building?

Very unsatisfactory 2%

Unsatisfactory 1%

Medium 4%

Satisfactory 14%

Very satisfactory 79%

18 How satisfied are you with the control over artificial lighting? Very unsatisfactory 0%

Unsatisfactory 1%

Medium 3%

Satisfactory 12%

Very satisfactory 84%

Thermal comfort

19 How satisfied are you with the cooling system (air-conditioning) in this building?

Very unsatisfactory 2%

Unsatisfactory 2%

Medium 2%

Satisfactory 26%

Very satisfactory 68%

Table 1 Results of occupants perception level in terms of indoor environment.

20 How satisfied are you with the summer indoor air temperature? Very unsatisfactory 2%

Unsatisfactory 4%

Medium 6%

Satisfactory 15%

Very satisfactory 73%

21 How satisfied are you with the winter indoor air temperature? Very unsatisfactory 1%

Unsatisfactory 5%

Medium 13%

Satisfactory 20%

Very satisfactory 61%

Overall comfort

22 How satisfied are you with the interior finishes of the building, walls, flooring, etc?

Very unsatisfactory 5%

Unsatisfactory 7%

Medium 10%

Satisfactory 52%

Very satisfactory 26%

23 How satisfied are you with the quality of the toilets in the building?Very unsatisfactory 1%

Unsatisfactory 2%

Medium 8%

Satisfactory 74%

Very satisfactory 15%

24 How energy and water efficient do you think the building is? Very inefficient 0%

Inefficient 0%

Medium 4%

Efficient 84%

Very efficient 12%

25 How easy is vertical circulation? How easy is horizontal circulation?

Very difficult 70% Very difficult 12%

Difficult 11% Difficult 62%

Medium 4% Medium 17%

Easy 10% Easy 6%

Very easy 5% Very easy 3%

26 How satisfied are you with your overall comfort level in your building area?

Very unsatisfactory 0%

Unsatisfactory 4%

Medium 27%

Satisfactory 57%

Very satisfactory 12%

27 How strongly do you agree that the good indoor environmental conditions of the building enhances your productivity?

Strongly disagree 0%

Disagree 5%

Medium 20%

Agree 14%

strongly agree 61%

28 How satisfied are you with the spatial spaces configuration in the building?

Very unsatisfactory 18%

Unsatisfactory 65%

Medium 9%

Satisfactory 5%

very satisfactory 3%

29 How strongly do you agree with the spatial spaces reconfiguration in the building?

Strongly disagree 2%

Disagree 6%

Medium 7%

Agree 15%

Strongly agree 69%

30

How would you rate the overall areas of the following spaces? Main entrances Theater Museums Exhibition hall Dining hall Lobby hall Offices Meeting rooms Administration areas

Very inadequate 61%Very inadequate 4% Very inadequate 5% Very inadequate 74%Very inadequate 66%Very inadequate 30%Very inadequate 8% Very inadequate 10%Very inadequate 4%

Inadequate 21% Inadequate 8% Inadequate 8% Inadequate 12% Inadequate 20% Inadequate 44% Inadequate 9% Inadequate 7% Inadequate 6%

Medium 7%Medium 9%Medium 9%Medium 8%Medium 1%Medium 9%Medium 7%Medium 6%Medium 5%

Adequate 6% Adequate 55%Adequate 61%Adequate 2% Adequate 8% Adequate 8% Adequate 70%Adequate 22%Adequate 33%

Very adequate 5% Very adequate 24% Very adequate 17% Very adequate 4% Very adequate 5% Very adequate 9% Very adequate 16% Very adequate 55% Very adequate 52%

31

How would you rate the overall quality of the following spaces?Main entrances Theater Museums Exhibition hall Dining hall Lobby hall Offices Meeting rooms Administration areas

Very poor 63% Very poor 3% Very poor 7% Very poor 42% Very poor 56% Very poor 27% Very poor 1% Very poor 6% Very poor 3%

Poor 20% Poor 9% Poor 9% Poor 40% Poor 13% Poor 51% Poor 9% Poor 9% Poor 4%

Medium 9%Medium 8%Medium 7%Medium 9%Medium 8%Medium 7%Medium 5%Medium 9%Medium 7%

Good 5% Good 54% Good 58% Good 3% Good 20% Good 11% Good 67% Good 20% Good 31%

Very good 3% Very good 26% Very good 19% Very good 6% Very good 6% Very good 4% Very good 18% Very good 56% Very good 55%