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ISSN 0976 -3090 (Print), 2231- 0541 (Online) PHARMANEST
PHARMANEST - An International Journal of Advances In Pharmaceutical Sciences
Vol.2 (2 - 3) March – June -2011 www.pharmanest.net 161
RESEARCH ARTICLE
POST MARKET SURVELLIANCE OF MARKETED FORMULATION OF
OMEPRAZOLE IN DEHRADUN AND RISHIKESH
(A CASE STUDY)
NEHA JUYAL and SACHDEV YADAV *
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banathali Vidyapith, Rajasthan
ABSTRACT:
Title-Post market survelliance of marketed formulation of Omeprazole in Dehradun and Rishikesh.
Objectives-Sales analysis of selected brands of omeprazole.Methods-A survey was done for selected brands of
omeprazole by formal method i.e. prescription analysis. Results-The sales of Omez were higher than that of Ocid.
KEYWORDS: Post market survelliance, Omeprazole, Omez, Ocid.
INTRODUCTION
Drug Omeprazole
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used
in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease
(PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GORD/GERD), laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It was first marketed in
the US in 1989 by AstraZeneca under the brand
names Losec and Prilosec, and is now also available
from generic manufacturers under various brand
names. AstraZeneca markets omeprazole as Losec,
Antra, Gastroloc, Mopral, Omepral, and Prilosec.
Omeprazole is marketed as Zegerid by Santarus,
Prilosec OTC by Procter & Gamble and Zegerid OTC
by Schering-Plough. In India it is available as OMEZ
(FGP). Omeprazole is one of the most widely
prescribed drugs internationally and is available over
the counter in some countries.
Pharmacology
Omeprazole is a racemate. It contains a
tricoordinated sulfur atom in a pyramidal structure
and therefore can exist in equal amounts of both the S
and R enantiomers. In the acidic conditions of the
stomach, both are converted to achiral products,
which react with a cysteine group in H+/K+ ATPase,
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thereby inhibiting the ability of the parietal cells to
produce gastric acid.
Name change
In 1990, at the request of the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA), the brand name Losec
was changed to Prilosec to avoid confusion with the
diuretic Lasix (furosemide). Unfortunately, the new
name has led to confusion between omeprazole
(Prilosec) and fluoxetine (Prozac), an antidepressant.
Clinical use
Use in Helicobacter pylori eradication
Omeprazole is combined with the antibiotics
clarithromycin and amoxicillin (or metronidazole in
penicillin-hypersensitive patients) in the 7-14 day
eradication triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori.
Infection by H. pylori is the causative factor in the
majority of peptic and duodenal ulcers.
Side effects
Some of the most frequent side effects of
omeprazole (experienced by over 1% of those taking
the drug) are headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
nausea, dizziness, trouble awakening and sleep
deprivation, although in clinical trials the incidence
of these effects with omeprazole was mostly
comparable to that found with placebo.
Proton pump inhibitors may be associated
with a greater risk of hip fractures, and clostridium
difficile-associated diarrhea.] Patients are frequently
administered the drugs in intensive care as a
protective measure against ulcers, but this use is also
associated with a 30% increase in occurrence of
pneumonia.
Other side effects may include bone rebuild
interference and B12 vitamin reduction.
Interactions
Omeprazole is a competitive inhibitor of the
enzymes CYP2C19 and CYP2C9, and may therefore
interact with drugs that depend on them for
metabolism, such as diazepam, escitalopram, and
warfarin; the concentrations of these drugs may
increase if they are used concomitantly with
omeprazole.Clopidogrel (Plavix) is an inactive
prodrug that partially depends on CYP2C19 for
conversion to its active form; inhibition of CYP2C19
blocks the activation of clopidogrel, thus reducing its
effects and potentially increasing the risk of stroke or
heart attack in people taking clopidogrel to prevent
these events.Omeprazole is also a competitive
inhibitor of p-glycoprotein, as are other PPIs.
Drugs that depend on stomach pH for
absorption may interact with omeprazole; drugs that
depend on an acidic environment (such as
ketoconazole or atazanavir) will be poorly absorbed,
whereas drugs that are broken down in acidic
environments (such as erythromycin) will be
absorbed to a greater extent than normal.
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and
Gingko biloba significantly reduce plasma
concentrations of omeprazole through induction of
CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
Absorption and distribution
The absorption of omeprazole takes place in
the small intestine and is usually completed within 3–
6 hours. The systemic bioavailability of omeprazole
after repeated dose is about 60%. Omeprazole
bioavailability is significantly impaired by the
presence of food and, therefore, patients should be
ISSN 0976 -3090 (Print), 2231- 0541 (Online) PHARMANEST
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advised to take omeprazole before eating. The capsule
should be taken immediately before a meal. The
MUPS tablet may be taken with or without food. The
powder for oral suspension should be taken on an
empty stomach at least 1 hour before a meal. Plasma
protein binding is about 95%.
Metabolism and excretion
Omeprazole is completely metabolized by the
cytochrome P450 system, mainly in the liver.
Identified metabolites are the sulfone, the sulfide and
hydroxy-omeprazole, which exert no significant
effect on the acid secretion. About 80% of an orally
given dose is excreted as metabolites in the urine and
the remainder is found in the feces, primarily
originating from bile secretion.
FORMULATIONS AND DOSAGE FORMS
Omeprazole is available as tablets and
capsules (containing omeprazole or omeprazole
magnesium) in strengths of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg,
and in some markets 80 mg; and as a powder
(omeprazole sodium) for intravenous injection. Most
oral omeprazole preparations are enteric-coated, due
to the rapid degradation of the drug in the acidic
conditions of the stomach. This is most commonly
achieved by formulating enteric-coated granules
within capsules, enteric-coated tablets, and the
multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS).
It is also available for use in injectable form
(I.V.) in Europe, but not in the U.S. The injection pack
is a combination pack consisting of a vial and a
separate ampule of reconstituting solution.
Multiple unit pellet system
Omeprazole tablets manufactured by
AstraZeneca (notably Losec/Prilosec) are formulated
as a "multiple unit pellet system" (MUPS). Essentially,
the tablet consists of extremely small enteric-coated
granules (pellets) of the omeprazole formulation
inside an outer shell. When the tablet is immersed in
an aqueous solution, as happens when the tablet
reaches the stomach, water enters the tablet by
osmosis.
The contents swell from water absorption
causing the shell to burst, releasing the enteric-coated
granules. For most patients, the multiple-unit pellet
system is of no advantage over conventional enteric-
coated preparations. Patients for which the
formulation is of benefit include those requiring
nasogastric tube feeding and those with difficulty
swallowing (dysphagia) because the tablets can be
mixed with water ahead of time, releasing the
granules into a slurry form, which is easier to pass
down the feeding tube or to swallow than the pill. The
granules are manufactured in a fluid air bed system.
Sugar spheres in suspension are sequentially sprayed
with aqueous suspensions of omeprazole, a protective
layer, an enteric coating and an outer layer to reduce
granule aggregation.
Immediate release formulation
In June 2004 the FDA approved an
immediate release preparation of omeprazole and
sodium bicarbonate that does not require an enteric
coating. This preparation employs sodium
bicarbonate as a buffer to protect omeprazole from
gastric acid degradation. This allows for the
production of chewable tablets. This combination
preparation is marketed in the United States by
Santarus under the brand name Zegerid. Zegerid is
marketed as capsules, chewable tablets, and powder
for oral suspension. Zegerid is most useful for those
patients who suffer from nocturnal acid
breakthrough (NAB) or those patients who desire
ISSN 0976 -3090 (Print), 2231- 0541 (Online) PHARMANEST
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Vol.2 (2 - 3) March – June -2011 www.pharmanest.net 164
immediate relief. In India it is marketed by Dr.
Reddy's Laboratories as powder formulation with the
brand name OMEZ-INSTA.
Omeprazole
BRAND NAME COMPOSITION COMPANY PACKING MRP
ABCID cap Omeprazole 20mg ARBRO PHARMA 10 36.25
ACICHEK cap Omeprazole 20mg SANOFI AVENTIS 10 36.00
ACIDOF cap Omeprazole 20mg CHEMO DRUGS 10x20 780.00
ADOLOC cap Omeprazole 20mg ADOC PHARMA 10 35.00
ADZOLE cap Omeprazole 20mg ADLEY FORM. 10 N.A.
ALPHACID-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg ALPHA HEALTHCARE 10 32.00
ATOZOL cap Omeprazole 20mg ATOZ PHARMA 10 34.90
AZOL cap Omeprazole 20mg D.R. JOHN’S LAB 10 38.50
BINACID cap Omeprazole 20mg BIOCIN HEALTHCARE 10 34.50
BIOCID cap Omeprazole 10mg BIOCHEM 10 19.96
BIOCID cap Omeprazole 20mg BIOCHEM 10 28.80
BIOCID cap Omeprazole 40mg BIOCHEM 10 39.96
BIOMEZOLE cap Omeprazole 20mg BIOCHEM 10 N.A.
BLANCID cap Omeprazole 20mg PRG PHARMA 10 35.00
COSZOL cap Omeprazole 20mg CFL 10 39.00
COZEP cap Omeprazole 20mg NICHOLAS PIRAMAL 10 37.27
DIOCID cap Omeprazole 20mg INTRA LABS 10 39.00
DIOMED cap Omeprazole 20mg DYNAMIC 10 N.A.
KLOCID-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg KLOKTER 10 40.00
KULGUT cap Omeprazole 20mg SANDOZ 20x10 700.00
LOKIT cap Omeprazole 10mg KOPRAN 10 23.05
LOKIT cap Omeprazole 20mg KOPRAN 10 39.88
LOMAC cap Omeprazole 10mg CIPLA 10 22.75
LOMAC cap Omeprazole 20mg CIPLA 10 42.25
LORESS cap Omeprazole 20mg BIOLOGICAL E. 10 39.00
MAGO cap Omeprazole 20mg RAPROSS 10 32.50
MOZAC cap Omeprazole 20mg MARC LAB 10 39.50
OCID cap Omeprazole 10mg ZYDUS CADILA 20 54.68
OCID cap Omeprazole 20mg ZYDUS CADILA 20 86.28
OLIT cap Omeprazole 10mg CADILA PHARMA 10 24.20
OLIT cap Omeprazole 20mg CADILA PHARMA 10 42.00
OMAG 20 cap Omeprazole 20mg ORDAIN HEALTHCARE 10 42.40
OMALCER cap Omeprazole 20mg WOCKHARDT 7 73.39
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OMAPIN cap Omeprazole 20mg BRAWN LAB 10 20.00
OMECER cap Omeprazole 20mg ALPHA LAB 10 32.00
OMELAX cap Omeprazole 20mg ZYTRAS LIFE 10 35.50
OMENAT cap Omeprazole 20mg NATCO 10 39.87
OMENAT inj Omeprazole 40mg NATCO 10ml 43.00
OMEPRALE cap Omeprazole 10mg FDC 10 21.15
OMEPRALE cap Omeprazole 20mg FDC 10 35.25
OMEPRAZ cap Omeprazole 20mg ALKEM 10 46.00
OMEPREN cap Omeprazole 20mg BLUE CROSS 10 25.00
OMEPRON-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg MESCKON 10 N.A.
OMERON cap Omeprazole 20mg AGRON REMEDIES 10 N.A.
OMEROX cap Omeprazole 20mg SHINTO BIOTEC 10 N.A.
OMETAB tab Omeprazole 10mg INTAS 10 N.A.
OMETAB tab Omeprazole 20mg INTAS 10 32.40
OMEZ cap Omeprazole 10mg DR. REDDY’S 10 23.67
OMEZ cap Omeprazole 20mg DR. REDDY’S 15 64.80
OMIND-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg INDOCO 10 34.50
OMIZAC cap Omeprazole 10mg TORRENT 10 23.45
OMIZAC cap Omeprazole 20mg TORRENT 10 43.10
OMPEP cap Omeprazole 20mg CHEMO BIOLOGICAL 10 37.00
OPAZ cap Omeprazole 10mg AGLOWMED 10 N.A.
OPAZ cap Omeprazole 20mg AGLOWMED 10 N.A.
OSKAR-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg DISCOVERY MANKIND 10 12.50
OVEVAR cap Omeprazole 20mg ZOTA HEALTHCARE 10 38.00
PIRAZOLE cap Omeprazole 20mg NICHOLAS 10 N.A.
PROMISEC cap Omeprazole 20mg ARISTO 10 27.26
PROTOLOC cap Omeprazole 20mg USV 10 39.00
PROTOLOC cap Omeprazole 40mg USV 10 73.00
PROZEX-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg SYNOKEM 10 36.95
RELOC-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg RHYDBURG 10 30.00
SANPOL-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg SHILAR PHARMA 10 19.50
SIOZOLE cap Omeprazole 20mg ALBERT DAVID 10 41.89
TACKO-M tab Omeprazole magnesium in
betacyclodextrin 20mg SYSTOPIC 10 24.50
TRAZ-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg EAST AFRICAN (R) 10 37.50
ZECID cap Omeprazole 20mg ZEE LAB 10x30 1200.00
ZOLCER cap Omeprazole 20mg AUROBINDO PHARMA 10 31.89
ZOMEP-20 cap Omeprazole 20mg ZOTA PHARMA 10 19.90
ISSN 0976 -3090 (Print), 2231- 0541 (Online) PHARMANEST
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BRAND SELECTION
Basis of Selction Of Brands
This study was taken up as the customer centric
approaches and it was kept in mind as to what
parameters do customer question while selection of a
brand and thus, ultimately result as a major factor
affecting the customer over all evaluation process.
The company’s interpretation is what is explained in
the following text –
1. Brand rejection.
If someone associates a brand with
something negative, they will purposely
avoid the product. Have you ever
experienced bad service somewhere and
swore you'd never return to that chain? Have
any of your customers said that about your
business? Create a logo and slogan that is
filled with great benefits to your customer
and put that on everything. If public opinion
is turning against you or your product,
launch a campaign to alter it.
2. Brand non-recognition.
This is where your customers simply
don't recognize your brand, probably
because it is not clearly differentiated from
competitors. Boldly state your product or
service's benefits. Always include the full
trademark name whenever you refer to your
product. Be willing to create brand names
for your products or services, just like you've
done for your own business. Find the
differences in value between your product
and your competitors and highlight that
difference mercilessly.
3. Brand recognition.
This is a good stage to aim for if you
don't have any recognition at all. Brand
recognition will help people lean toward
your product when given the choice between
your product and one they have never heard
of. At the same time, though remember that
your competitors are also working on brand
recognition, which means their brand could
be more recognizable. Continue to
differentiate yourself and be sure to add
value to your product in order to get to the
next stage.
4. Brand preference.
This is where customers - given a
choice between two brands - will choose
yours over someone else's. It often is the
result of a sense of differentiation and that
your product or service uniquely serves their
needs. As well, you can be sure that any
value-added products or services you include
help them to choose yours over your
competitors. Even though this is a great stage
to be in, it's not the final stage. The stage you
absolutely want to be in with your brand is!
5. Brand loyalty.
This is where customers will choose
your brand time and time again, even if they
experience the occasional poor service or if
another product comes along that seems to
be better suited to their needs. To achieve
brand loyalty, you need to provide a product
that is highly differentiated, with plenty of
value added, but also you need to offer them
remarkable service at a level they will not get
anywhere else. Providing this level of service
will ensure that they will never switch.
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BRANDS SHORTLISTED
BRAND NAME COMPANY COMPOSITION PACKING /
PRESENTATION
Ocid – 10 Zydus cadila Omeprazole -10 mg 10 x 6×10
Omez– 20 Dr. Reddy’s Omeprazole– 20 mg 5×5×20
OVERVIEW OF COMPANY SELECTION:
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
Founded: 1984
Headquarters Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh,India
Website: www.drreddys.com
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. trading as Dr.
Reddy's, founded in 1984 by Dr. K. Anji Reddy, has
become India’s second biggestpharmaceutical
company. Dr. Anji Reddy had worked in the publicly-
owned Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Reddy's manufactures and markets a wide range of
pharmaceuticals in India and overseas. The company
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has more than 190 medications ready for patients to
take, 60active pharmaceutical ingredients for drug
manufacture, diagnostic kits, critical care and
biotechnology products.
Dr. Reddy’s began as a supplier to Indian
drug manufacturers, but it soon started exporting to
other less-regulated markets that had the advantage
of not having to spend time and money on
a manufacturing plant that that would gain approval
from a drug licensing body such as theU.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA). . By the early 1990s, the
expanded scale and profitability from these
unregulated markets enabled the company to begin
focusing on getting approval from drug regulators for
their formulations and bulk drug manufacturing
plants in more-developed economies. This allowed
their movement into regulated markets such as
the US and Europe.
By 2007, Dr. Reddy’s had six FDA-plants
producing active pharmaceutical ingredients in India
and seven FDA-inspected and ISO 9001 (quality)
and ISO 14001 (environmental management)
certified plants making patient-ready medications –
five of them in India and two in the UK.
Cadila Healthcare Limited
Founded: 1954
Headquarters: Ahmedabad, India
Website: http://www.zyduscadila.com/
'Cadila Healthcare' is an Indian
pharmaceutical company head quartered
at Ahmedabad in Gujarat state of western India. The
company is the fifth largest pharmaceutical company
in India,[1] with US$290m in turnover in 2004. It is a
significant manufacturer of generic drugs.
Cadila Laboratories was founded in 1952 by
Shri Ramanbhai Patel (1925-2001), formerly a
lecturer in the L.M. College of Pharmacy, and his
business partner Shri Indravadan Modi. The company
evolved over the next four decades into one of India's
established pharmaceutical companies.
In 1995 the Patel and Modi families split,
with the Modi family's share being moved into a new
company called Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and
Cadila Healthcare became the Patel family's holding
company. Cadila Healthcare did its IPO on
the Bombay Stock Exchange in 2000. Its stock code
on the Bombay exchange is 532321.
In 2001 the company acquired another
Indian pharmaceutical company called German
Remedies. On June 25, 2007, the company signed an
agreement to acquire 100 per cent stake in Brazils
Quimica e Farmaceutica Nikkho do Brasil Ltda
(Nikkho) for around 26 million dollars.
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LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS OF DATA OF SELECTED BRAND NAMES
1. DEHRADUN
2. 2.RISHIKESH
1. SELECTION OF LOCATION - DEHRADUN
a. Dharampur
Name of the shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Aggarwal Medical Store Dharampur chowk ,
Deharadun 20 30
Gulati Medical Store Dharampur chowk 60 50
Brij Pharma sales Aragarh chowk,dehradun 40 30
Doon medical store Opposite CMI 10 20
Table 1(Dr. S.N. Uniyal , Dr. Bisht , Dr. S.C. Singhal , Dr. K.S. Sabharwal , Dr. Rastogi)
b. Near Doon Hospital
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Jain medical hall New road dehradun 10 50
Surbhi medical store New road dehradun 50 40
Sukhmani medical store Court road
25 35
Fairdeal medical store New road dehradun 5 10
Table 2(Dr. Ajay Sharma , Dr. K.P. Joshi , Dr. K.C. Pant , dr. N.S. Bisht )
c. Rajpur Road
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Shiva medical store Dilaram bazaar, dehradun 15 30
Kishanlal and sons Clock tower , dehradun 10 20
Lakshmi medical store Hathi Barkla , dehradun 1 10
Mayor medical store Hathi Barkla , dehradun 10 50
Table 3(Dr. Bhushan Kumar, Dr. J.N. Kalan , Dr. C.P. Singh , Dr. B.S.Pandhi)
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d. Chakrata Road
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Singh brother Medical
Store
Near kumar sweet shop
,chakrata road 20 30
Prem medical store Cannaught place ,opposite
natraj cinema 10 50
Data ram and sons Tagore villa , dehradun 1 3
Sunny medical store Kishan nagar chowk,
dehradun 30 90
Table 4(Dr. S.K. Gupta, Dr. Rakesh Mittal , Dr. K.J. Sabharwal , Dr. P.K. Gupta)
2. SELECTION OF LOCATION - RISHIKESH
A.Dehradun Road
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Pushkar medical store Dehradun road , rishikesh 30 40
Kailash medical store Dehradun road 50 60
Vikas medical store Dehradun road 15 20
Arora medical store Dehradun road 50 70
Table5
B.Railway Road
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Nautiyal medical store Railway road 20 30
Kothari medical store Railway road 10 50
Indian medical store Railway road 1 3
Batra medical store Railway road 30 90
Table6
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C.Lakshman Jhula Road
Name of the Chemist shop Address
Number of Capsules sold per week for the Brands
Under Investigation
OCID OMEZ
Doon medical store Lakshman jhula road 20 30
Dabur house Lakshman jhula road 10 50
Shribalaji medical store Lakshman jhula road 1 3
Hitkari medical store Lakshman jhula road 30 90
Table7 (Dr.Manoj Bhaukhandi , Dr. Vijay Joshi , Dr. R.S. Rana , Dr. Rakesh Mohan , Dr. Vijay Puri )
SALES ANALYSIS OF DATA
NOTE – For all Graphs X- axis represents the Name of the chemist and Y-axis represents that Number of Strips sold
per week…. Series 1 represents Ocid, Series 2 represents omez
Figure 1
Figure 2
20
60
40
10
30
50
3020
0
20
40
60
80
aggarwal gulati brij doon
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
10
50
25
5
50
4035
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
jain surbhi sukhmani fairdeal
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
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Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
1510
1
10
30
20
10
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
shiva kishanlal lakshmi mayur
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
2010
1
3030
50
3
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
singh prem dataram sunny
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
30
50
15
50
40
60
20
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
pushkar kailash vikas arora
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
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Figure 6
Figure 7
The above figure shows the comparison of selected brands in two cities
2010
1
3030
50
3
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
nautiyal kothari indian batra
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
2010
1
3030
50
3
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
doon dabur shribalaji hitkari
sale
s
chemist shop
Series1
Series2
317267
548 536
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Dehradun Rishikesh
tota
l sa
le
cities
Ocid
Omez
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CONCLUSION
The market survey helped to make a
comparison among the sales of different brands of
Omeprazole at different locations in two cities that is
Dehradun and Rishikesh respectively.
Through the survey it can be concluded that
the sales of Omez was higher than that of Ocid.
Where the sale of the city Dehradun was
found to be much more than the other city because
basically rishikesh is a small town with average
population and Dehradun being the capital of
Uttarakhand has higher population.
Due to higher employment rate in the city,
people are busier and least interested in their dietary
habits and thus are more prone to ulcerative diseases
and gastric problems. Hence the consumption rates of
Omeprazole in the city are more than Rishikesh being
less populated.
REFERENCE
1. http://www.medlineindia.com/
2. Dr Reddy’s Laboratories 2007-2012 –
MarketReports.com 2007 life sciences research
report, Technology Networks, Sudbury, Essex,
UK.Accessed: 2007-08-22.
3. Repercussions of the Drug Price Competition and
Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, G.F.
HoASFLFKAJS;LKFSLFDNDS;LFSLFKDJFSFgan,
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 1985,
pp849-851.Accessed: 2007-08-22.
4. The Impact of Liberalisation and Privatisation in
India – Raj Mishra at Seminar II: Boston, April 17,
1999, Association of Indian Progressive Study
Groups.Accessed: 2007-08-22.
5. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories will no longer produce
its medicines in Russia – Pravda.ru 8 February
2005.Accessed: 2007-08-22.
6. Dr. Reddy’s receive exclusive rights for Zocor
7. Perlecan highlights R&D travails of Indian
pharma , 17 October 2008.Accessed: 2009-10-
18.
8. Perlecan highlights R&D travails of Indian
pharma , 17 October 2008.Accessed: 2009-10-
18.
9. DRL moving research arm to Bangalore unit 22
May 2009. Accessed: 2009-08-20.
10. Dr Reddy’s diabetes drug may be delayed, 05
October 2008.Accessed: 2009-10-18.
11. Dr. Reddy's spotlights promising Phase III
diabetes data, 04 January 2010 .Accessed: 2010-
01-07.
12. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Corporate
_Announcement/Palepu_may_have_to_quit_DRL
_board/articleshow/3958701.cms }
13. [http://www.drreddys.com/newsroom/newsan
devents.htm# Dr. Reddy’s announces new R&D
Chief – Corporate press office
14. http://www.wikipedia.org/
15. http://www.google.co.in/
16. http://in.yahoo.com/?p=us
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