Post Employment Digests

8/9/2019 Post Employment Digests

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X. Post Employment (Digests)B. Termination of Employment

CITYTRUST BA!I" C#RP#RATI# $ %RC (RUI&)258 SCRA 621

MENDOZA; July 11, 1996

ATURE' Special civil actio i t!e Sup"e#e Cou"t$ Ce"tio"a"iACTS

% &"ivate "e'po(et Rui) *a' t!e ite"al au(ito" o+ petitioe" Cityt"u'ta-i. Co"po"atio$ S!e *a' (e'i.ate( #aa.e" o+ t!e /uiapo 0"ac!o+ t!e 0a-, 0ut '!e "e+u'e( t!e appoit#et o t!e ."ou( t!at it *a' a(e#otio$ A' a co'euece, '!e *a' 'u'pe(e( a(, upo clea"ace.ive 0y t!e Depa"t#et o+ a0o", '!e *a' te"#iate( o Nove#0e" 8,1934$% &"ivate "e'po(et le( a co#plait +o" ille.al (i'#i''al$ S!e *a'o"(e"e( "ei'tate( a' 0"ac! #aa.e", t!e NRC u".i. !e" to accept t!epo'itio, ot!e"*i'e !e" "e+u'al *oul( 0e co'i(e"e( a ."ou( +o" !e" lo'' o+e#ploy#et$ &"ivate "e'po(et appeale( to t!e Mii'te" o+ a0o" o*Sec"eta"y o+ a0o" a( E#ploy#et7 0ut a.ai '!e lo't$ ot! pa"tie' t!eappeale( to t!e Oce o+ t!e &"e'i(et, *!ic! o"(e"e( petitioe" to"ei'tate p"ivate "e'po(et to !e" +o"#e" po'itio a' ite"al au(ito" a(

to pay !e" 0ac-*a.e' +"o# t!e ti#e !e" co#pe'atio *a' *it!!el( up tot!e ti#e o+ !e" "ei'tate#et$% &etitioe" #ove( +o" a "eco'i(e"atio o t!e ."ou( t!at t!e po'itio o+ite"al au(ito" !a( 0ee a0oli'!e( alt!ou.! t!e po'itio o+ "e'i(eti'pecto" *a' c"eate( i it' 'tea(7, a( t!e"e+o"e i lieu o+ "ei'tate#et,it '!oul( oly 0e #a(e to pay p"ivate "e'po(et' 'epa"atio pay$ :!eOce o+ t!e &"e'i(et #o(ie( it' (eci'io a( o"(e"e( petitioe" to"ei'tate p"ivate "e'po(et to a 'u0'tatially euivalet po'itio *it!outlo'' o+ 'eio"ity "i.!t' a( to ."at !e" t!e 0eet' a( p"ivile.e' to *!ic!'!e *oul( 0e etitle( !a( '!e ot 0ee (i'#i''e($% Su0'euetly, petitioe" "ei'tate( p"ivate "e'po(et a' #aa.e" o+ t!eAu(iti. Depa"t#et$ &"ivate "e'po(et accepte( t!e appoit#et 0utue'tioe( !e" "ei'tate#et to t!at po'itio o t!e ."ou( t!at it *a' ot'u0'tatially euivalet to t!e po'itio o+ "e'i(et i'pecto" t!e po'itioc"eate( i place o+ ite"al au(ito"7$ S!e al'o ue'tioe( t!e a*a"( o+0ac-*a.e' a' t!e "epo"t o+ t!e 'ocio%ecoo#ic aaly't alle.e(ly (i( oticlu(e 0ac-*a.e' +"o# Ap"il 1934 to Jue 1934 *!e '!e *a' o leave*it! pay a( vacatio a( 'ic- leave i 1934 a( ot!e" +"i.e 0eet' to*!ic! '!e *a' etitle( 0e+o"e !e" te"#iatio$% a0o" A"0ite" Apolia"io N$ u#a0ao i''ue( a o"(e" !ol(i. t!at t!epo'itio o+ #aa.e" o+ t!e Au(iti. Depa"t#et *a' ot 'u0'tatiallyeuivalet to t!at o+ "e'i(et i'pecto"$ po''i0le a' it appea"' t!at7 t!epo'itio i' al"ea(y lle( up ,7 to "elocate co#plaiat to a 'u0'tatiallyeuivalet po'itio *it! all t!e e#olu#et' a( p"ivile.e' o+ a Re'i(et'pecto"$ Re'po(et i' !e"e0y +u"t!e" o"(e"e( to pay$% :!e NRC a"#e( t!e a0o" A"0ite"' o"(e" *it! #o(icatio 0y o"(e"i.t!e +ollo*i. to 0e a((e( to t!e a*a"(< a7 =e" vacatio a( 'ic- leave

p"ivile.e (u"i. t!e pe"io( o+ !e" 'epa"atio i acco"(ace *it! t!e(i'po'itio !e"ei0e+o"e 'tate( i t!e 0o(y o+ t!i' Re'olutio, a( 07t!e

o"#al ic"ea'e' *!ic! co#plaiat *oul( !ave "eceive( (u"i. t!e pe"io(o+ !e" 'epa"atio$

% coectio *it! t!e co#putatio o+ t!e a*a"( i !e" +avo", p"ivate"e'po(et 'ou.!t t!e p"o(uctio o+ t!e 0a-' pay"oll' +o" 1934%1981$=e" #otio *a' oppo'e( 0y petitioe" *!ic! o>e"e( i'tea( &34,?44$@@,t!e total a#out o+ 0ac-*a.e' a' co#pute( 0y t!e 'ocio%ecoo#ic aaly'to+ t!e Depa"t#et o+ a0o", plu' &9,@4@$@@ i t"a'po"tatio allo*acea( &1,@5@$@@ #i(%yea" 0ou' +o" 1934$

% &"ivate "e'po(et "e+u'e( t!e o>e", !ece t!e NRC (i"ecte( t!e aaly'tto co#pute t!e a*a"( o t!e 0a'i' o+ t!e pay"oll' +"o# 1934 to 1981$&etitioe" appeale( to t!e NRC en banc, 0ut it' petitio *a' (i'#i''e(, ot!e ."ou( t!at t!e o"(e" appeale( +"o# *a' ite"locuto"y$% &etitioe" le( a petitio +o" Certiorari a( &"o!i0itio *it! t!i' Cou"t,a''aili. t!e (i'#i''al o+ it' appeal$ :!e petitio *a' at "'t (i'#i''e( +o"lac- o+ #e"it$ &etitioe"' #otio +o" "eco'i(e"atio *a' al'o (i'#i''e($O July 21, 1986 t!i' Cou"t #o(ie( it' (eci'io a( petitioe" *a'o"(e"e( to pay p"ivate "e'po(et 0ac-*a.e' li#ite( to t!"ee yea"'*it!out ualicatio o" (e(uctio at t!e 'ala"y "ate o+ p"ivate "e'po(etat t!e ti#e o+ (i'#i''al$% :!e a0o" A"0ite" i''ue( a alia' *"it o+ eBecutio a+te" (i. t!at t!ea#out co""e'po(e( to t!e a#out +ou( (ue p"ivate "e'po(et i t!e(eci'io o+ t!e NRC a( t!e "e'olutio o+ t!i' Cou"t, co'i'ti. o+ 'ala"y(i>e"etial' a( ot!e" +"i.e 0eet' *!ic! *e"e ot pai( to !e" +"o# t!eti#e t!at '!e *a' "ei'tate( o Au.u't 14, 1938 a' #aa.e" o+ t!eAu(iti. Depa"t#et$% &etitioe" #ove( to ua'! t!e alia' *"it o+ eBecutio$ A' it' #otio *a'(eie(, it le( a petitio +o" uctio i t!e NRC en bancto 'top t!ei#ple#etatio o+ t!e alia' *"it o+ eBecutio a( p"aye( +o" a"eco#putatio o+ t!e #oeta"y a*a"( pu"'uat to t!i' Cou"t' "e'olutio o+July 21, 1986$ t' petitio *a', !o*eve", (eie(, a' *a' it' #otio +o""eco'i(e"atio, i t!e "e'olutio' o+ t!e NRC$ =ece, t!i' petitio$ISSUE' ON p"ivate "e'po(et i' etitle( to oly t!"ee yea"' o+0ac-*a.e' a( o #o"eE%D' NO% &"ivate "e'po(et i', i a((itio, etitle( to "ei'tate#et *it!out lo''

o+ 'eio"ity "i.!t'$ A"t$ 28@ o+ t!e a0o" Co(e p"ovi(e'e"ece i pay o+ a "e'i(et i'pecto" a( a #aa.e" o+ t!e Au(iti.Depa"t#et +"o# Au.u't 14, 1938 up to Ma"c! 1, 1991$

Disposition Petition dismissed.C#%E"I# DE SA 2UA DE %ETRA $ ASS # E3P%#YEES AD

ACU%TY # %ETRA?4@ SCRA 583

GA&HNAN; Septe#0e" 18, 2@@@ATURE' &etitio +o" "evie* o ce"tio"a"iACTS' % &"ivate "e'po(et A#0a', t!e e*ly electe( p"e'i(et o+ t!eA''ociatio o+ E#ployee' a( Faculty o+ et"a Hio7 *ate( to cotiuet!e "ee.otiatio o+ it' CA *it! petitioe" Cole.io (e Sa Jua (e et"aet"a7 +o" t!e la't 2 yea"' o+ t!e CAI' 5 yea" li+eti#e$ =o*eve",petitioe" clai#e( t!e CA *a' al"ea(y p"epa"e( +o" 'i.i. 0y t!e pa"tie'$:!e CA *a' 'u0#itte( to a "e+e"e(u# 0y t!e uio #e#0e"', *!o"eecte( it$

% &etitioe" accu'e( t!e uio oce"' o+ 0a".aii. i 0a( +ait! 0e+o"e t!eNRC *!ic! (eci(e( i +avo" o+ petitioe" 0ut *a' late" "eve"'e( o appeal*it! t!e NRC$% :!e Hio otie( t!e Natioal Cociliatio a( Me(iatio oa"( NCM7o+ it' itetio to 't"i-e o t!e ."ou(' o+ petitioe"I' "e+u'al to 0a".ai$ate", t!e pa"tie' a."ee( to (i'"e.a"( t!e u'i.e( CA a( 'ta"te.otiati. a e* 5 yea" CA +o" *!ic! t!e Hio 'u0#itte( it' p"opo'al'$A#0a' p"ote'te( a "ecet c!a.i. o+ !e" 'c!e(ule a( petitioe" 'et t!eHio a lette" (i'#i''i. A#0a' +o" alle.e( i'u0o"(iatio a+te" *!ic! t!e

Hio a#e(e( it' otice o+ 't"i-e to iclu(e t!e 'ai( (i'#i''al$% ot! pa"tie' a.ai (i'cu''e( t!e ."ou( "ule' +o" t!e CA "ee.otiatio0ut petitioe" 'toppe( t!e e.otiatio' a+te" pu"po"te(ly "eceivi.i+o"#atio t!at a e* ."oup o+ e#ployee' ACEC7 le( a petitio +o"ce"ticatio electio, .ivi. "i'e to t!e i''ue o+ #ao"ity "ep"e'etatio o+t!e e#ployee'$% :!e Hio ally *et o 't"i-e a( t!e Sec$ o+ a0o" a( E#ploy#eta''u#e( u"i'(ictio, o"(e"i. t!o'e o 't"i-e to "etu" to *o"- a( +o"petitioe" to accept t!e# u(e" t!e 'a#e te"#' 0e+o"e t!e 't"i-e$ All *e"e"ea(#itte( eBcept A#0a'$ :!e Sec$ i''ue( a o"(e" (ecla"i. petitioe".uilty o+ u+ai" la0o" p"actice a( (i"ecti. t!e "ei'tate#et o+ A#0a'*it! 0ac-*a.e'$ et"aI' MFR *a' (eie( a( t!e CA a"#e( t!e Sec$I'(eci'io, !ece t!i' petitio$ISSUES'1$ ON petitioe" i' .uilty o+ u+ai" la0o" p"actice 0y "e+u'i. to 0a".ai*it! t!e uio2$ ON t!e te"#iatio o+ t!e A#0a' a#out' to a ite"+e"ece o+ t!ee#ployeeI' "i.!t to 'el+%o".ai)atio

E%D1$ ES% &etitioe" i' .uilty o+ u+ai" la0o" p"actice 0y it' 'te" "e+u'al to 0a".ai i.oo( +ait! *it! "e'po(et uio$- A"ticle 252 (ee' collective 0a".aii. a' t!e pe"+o"#ace o+ a #utualo0li.atio to #eet a( covee p"o#ptly a( eBpe(itiou'ly i .oo( +ait!+o" t!e pu"po'e o+ e.otiati. a a."ee#et$ :!e Hio, i 'e(i. it'p"opo'al' (u"i. t!e 2(CA e.otiatio', -ept up it' e( o+ t!e 0a".ai

*!ile et"a (evi'e( *ay' a( #ea' to p"evet t!e e.otiatio$% et"a al'o +aile( to #a-e a ti#ely "eply to t!e HioI' p"opo'al' ocoute"%p"opo'al a #ot! late"7, violati. A"ticle 25@ *!ic! "eui"e' 'uc! a"eply *it!i 1@ (ay' upo "eceipt o+ a *"itte otice o+ 'ai( p"opo'al'$et"aI' "e+u'al to "eply i' a i(icatio o+ 0a( +ait!, '!o*i. a lac- o+'ice"e (e'i"e to e.otiate$% a la't (itc! e>o"t, et"a 'u'pe(e( t!e 0a".aii. p"oce'' o t!e."ou( t!at it alle.e(ly "eceive( i+o"#atio t!at ACEC !a( le( a petitio+o" ce"ticatio electio$ :!e #e"e li. o+ a petitio +o" ce"ticatioelectio (oe' ot ip'o +acto u'ti+y t!e 'u'pe'io o+ e.otiatio' *!et!e"e i' o le.iti#ate "ep"e'etatio i''ue "ai'e(; al'o, 'uc! a actio +o"ite"vetio !a( al"ea(y p"e'c"i0e($2$ ES

% !ile *e "eco.i)e t!e "i.!t o+ t!e e#ploye" to te"#iate t!e 'e"vice' o+a e#ployee +o" u't cau'e, t!e (i'#i''al o+ e#ployee' #u't 0e #a(e


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*it!i t!e pa"a#ete"' o+ la* a( pu"'uat to t!e teet' o+ euity a( +ai"play a( #u't 0e eBe"ci'e( i .oo( +ait!$ t #u't ot a#out to ite"+e"i.*it!, "e't"aii. o" coe"ci. e#ployee' i t!e eBe"ci'e o+ t!ei" "i.!t to 'el+%o".ai)atio a' it *oul( a#out to ula*+ul la0o" p"actice u(e" A"ticle248$%t *oul( appea" t!at et"a te"#iate( A#0a' i o"(e" to 't"ip t!e uioo+ a lea(e" *!o *oul( .!t +o" !e" co%*o"-e"'I "i.!t' at t!e 0a".aii.ta0le a( +"u't"ate t!ei" (e'i"e to +o"# a e* CA$ :!e c!a".e o+i'u0o"(iatio *a' a #e"e ploy to .ive a colo" o+ le.ality to t!e actio to

(i'#i'' !e"$ Maa.e#et #ay !ave t!e p"e"o.ative to (i'ciplie it'e#ployee' +o" i'u0o"(iatio 0ut *!e it ite"+e"e' *it! e#ployee'I "i.!tto 'el+%o".ai)atio, it a#out' to uio%0u'ti. *!ic! i' a p"o!i0ite( act$Disposition petitio i' DENED +o" lac- o+ #e"it

SA%$AD#R $ PI%IPPIE 3II" SER$ICE C#RP?95 SCRA 329

&HNO; Jaua"y 22, 2@@?

ACTS% JOSE K$ SAKADOR *a' "'t e#ploye( 0y "e'po(et i 1981$ =e "o'e+"o# t!e "a-' a( a''u#e( t!e po'itio o+ &lat 'pectio Fo"e#a i1991$ =e *a' ta'-e( to< 17 'upe"vi'e plat euip#et a( +acilityi'pectio; 27 co"# actual (e+ect'; ?7 e'ta0li'! i'pectio 'ta(a"('a( +"euecy; 47 aaly)e t"ou0le' a( "eco##e( coute" #ea'u"e';a( 57 p"epa"e *ee-lyL#ot!ly i'pectio 'c!e(ule$?% A' ea"ly a' Ma"c! 1, 1985, "e'po(et i'titute( t!e '!i+t 0o''P 'c!e#e*!e"e0y t!e +o"e#a +"o# t!e &lat Sectio a( t!e +o"e#a +"o# t!eMii. Sectio "otate a' '!i+t 0o'' t!"ou.!out t!ei" i.!t '!i+t to ove"'eea( 'upe"vi'e 0ot! t!e #ii. a( plat ope"atio'$ :!e '!i+t 0o'' *a'et"u'te( *it! t!e ca"e, 'upe"vi'io a( p"otectio o+ t!e eti"e plat$% A'i(e +"o# !i' e#ploy#et *it! "e'po(et, petitioe" co%o*e( a(#aa.e( =O%:A Ete"p"i'e', *it! !i' pa"te" O(o Alcata"a$ :!ey *e"ee.a.e( i t!e #au+actu"e a( 'ale o+ !ollo* 0loc-'$ O Septe#0e" 29,1993, petitioe"I' e#ploy#et "elatio *it! "e'po(et *a' taite( *it!c!a".e' o+ pil+e"a.e a( violatio o+ co#pay "ule' a( policy, "e'ulti. to

lo'' o+ co(ece$ Re'po(etI' evi(ece (i'clo'e t!at o Septe#0e" 29,1993, at a0out 9


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(ee(, i ca'e' o+ t!i' atu"e, t!e +act t!at petitioe" !a' 0ee e#ploye(*it! t!e "e'po(et +o" a lo. ti#e, i+ to 0e co'i(e"e( at all, '!oul( 0eta-e a.ai't !i#, a' !i' act o+ pil+e"a.e "eect' a "e."etta0le lac- o+loyalty *!ic! !e '!oul( !ave 't"e.t!ee(, i'tea( o+ 0et"aye($Disposition :!e petitio i' DENED$

SAT#S $ SA 3I"UE% C#RP#RATI#?99 SCRA 132

SANDOKA%QH:ERREZ; Ma"c! 14, 2@@?

ATURE' &etitio +o" "evie* o ce"tio"a"iACTS% &etitioe" Ca"#elita Sato' *a' appoite( Fiace Di"ecto" o+"e'po(et SMCI' ee" Divi'io +o" u)o Ope"atio'$O Septe#0e" 15, 1983, SMC i''ue( a Me#o"a(u# p"o!i0iti. t!eeca'!#et o+ pe"'oal c!ec-' at "e'po(et' &lat' a( Sale' Oce'$:!e"ea+te", SMC otice( t!at petitioe" eca'!e( !e" ? pe"'oal c!ec-' iva"iou' Met"o Maila Sale' Oce'$SMC co##ece( a au(it ive'ti.atio$ &etitioe" "eceive( +"o#"e'po(et a ite"%oce #e#o"a(u# "eui"i. !e" to eBplai i *"iti.*!y o (i'ciplia"y actio '!oul( 0e ta-e a.ai't !e" i vie* o+ !e"uaut!o"i)e( eca'!#et o+ !e" ? pe"'oal c!ec-' at "e'po(et' 'ale'oce'$% &etitioe" a(#itte( t!at '!e eca'!e( t!"ee pe"'oal c!ec-' at"e'po(et' 'ale' oce' 0ut clai#e( t!at 'uc! act *a' ot i""e.ula" 'iceall pe"'oel i "e'po(et' ee" Divi'io *e"e allo*e( to eca'! t!ei"pe"'oal c!ec-' at ay 'ale' oce upo clea"ace +"o# t!e "e.io#aa.e#et coce"e($ S!e 'tate( t!at !e" eca'!#et o+ pe"'oalc!ec-' !a( p"io" clea"ace$ S!e +u"t!e" cla"ie( t!at oly t*o o+ t!e t!"eec!ec-' '!e eca'!e( *e"e (i'!oo"e( +o" i'uciecy o+ +u(', 0ut '!ep"o#ptly +u(e( t!e c!ec-' upo "eceipt o+ otice o+ 'uc! (i'!oo",t!e"e0y cau'i. o (a#a.e to "e'po(et$% Mea*!ile, t!e au(it "e'ult' "eveale( t!at, a'i(e +"o# petitioe"'"epo"te( eca'!#et o+ ? pe"'oal c!ec-', '!e !a( p"eviou'ly eca'!e(5@ pe"'oal c!ec-' i va"yi. a#out', *!ic! *e"e ot e(o"'e( 0y t!eSale' Ope"atio' Maa.e" o" t!e Re.io Fiace Oce"$ A((itioally,

petitioe" eca'!e( 2 ot!e" pe"'oal c!ec-'$ A+te" "eceivi. 'uc! "epo"t,SMC +o"#e( a ve'ti.ati. &ael to co(uct a +ull%0lo* ive'ti.atio$% :!e ve'ti.ati. &ael +ou( t!e eca'!#et 0y petitioe" o+ !e"pe"'oal c!ec-' *it! t!e "e.ioL'ale' oce' a' !i.!ly i""e.ula"t"a'actio' to t!e (et"i#et o+ t!e Co#pay$ t "eco##e(e( t!at Sato'0e te"#iate( +"o# e#ploy#et$% a #e#o"a(u#, SMC a(opte( t!e (i.' o+ t!e ve'ti.ati. &aela( i+o"#e( petitioe" o+ !e" te"#iatio +"o# e#ploy#et +o" a0u'e o+po'itio a' Fiace Di"ecto", e.a.i. i !i.!ly i""e.ula" t"a'actio' tot!e (et"i#et o+ t!e co#pay a( e#ploye"' lo'' o+ t"u't a( co(ece$% :!e co#plait le( 0y petitioe" a.ai't SMC +o" ille.al (i'#i''al *a'(i'#i''e( 0y t!e a0o" A"0ite" +o" lac- o+ #e"it$ :!e NRC "eve"'e( t!ea0o" A"0ite"I' (eci'io$ Hpo a MR le( 0y SMC, t!e NRC (i'#i''e( t!e

co#plait le( 0y Sato'$ =ece, t!i' "ecou"'e$

ISSUE' ON SMC (i'#i''e( t!e petitioe" +"o# e#ploy#et *it!out u'tcau'eE%D' NO% H(e" t!e a0o" Co(e, a vali( (i'#i''al +"o# e#ploy#et "eui"e' t!ats. EERTEC SYSTE3S IDUSTRIESe"i. !i#

'epa"atio pay$ e t!at a' it #ay, t!e o#i0u' #otio le( 0y "e'po(etcaot 0e co't"ue( a' a a(#i''io o+ it' lia0ility +o" "ei'tate#et$

C+ristop+er 3ane0o >s %RC

SEC#D DI$ISI# 5".R. o. 67?:76. e0r,ary 8:< 8998.=ATI#A% B##!ST#RE< IC.< an A%RED# C. RA3#S< petitionerss. C#URT # APPEA%S SPECIA% EI"T DI$ISI#< ATI#A%%AB#R RE%ATI#S C#33ISSI#< 3ARIETTA 3. Y3ASA an EDA %.

"ABRIE%< responents.

SNO&SS&"ivate "e'po(et' Ma"ietta M$ #a'a a' Ca'! Cu'to(ia a( E(a $Qa0"iel a' =ea( Ca'!ie" o+ t!e petitioe" Natioal oo-'to"e *e"e(i'#i''e( +"o# t!e 'e"vice +o" ."o'' e.lect o+ (uty a( lo'' o+ co(ece0ecau'e o+ t!e lo'' o+ co#pay +u(' t!at too- place o Jue 28, 1992 att!e SM No"t! E('a "ac! o+ petitioe"$ :!ey le( a co#plait +o" ille.al(i'#i''al 0e+o"e t!e la0o" a"0ite"$ :!e latte" "ule( i t!ei" +avo" 0y"atiociati. t!at t!e (ocu#eta"y a( te'ti#oial evi(ece p"e'ete( 0yt!e pa"tie' '!o*e( t!at alt!ou.! p"ivate "e'po(et' *e"e a>o"(e( (uep"oce'' 0e+o"e 0ei. (i'#i''e(, t!ei" (i'#i''al *a' ot +ou(e( o vali(

a( u'tia0le ."ou(' a' p"ovi(e( u(e" A"t$ 282 o+ t!e a0o" Co(e, a'a#e(e($ :!e 'ai( (eci'io *a' a"#e( 0y t!e Natioal a0o" Relatio'Co##i''io NRC7, *it! #o(icatio 0y (eleti. t!e a*a"( o+ (a#a.e'a( atto"ey' +ee'$ i-e*i'e, t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal' a"#e( t!e NRC(eci'io$ =ece, t!i' petitio$:!e petitio *a' *it!out #e"it$ :!e ou' o+ p"ovi. t!at t!e (i'#i''al o+t!e e#ployee *a' +o" a vali( a( aut!o"i)e( cau'e "e't' o t!e e#ploye"a( +ailu"e to (i'c!a".e t!e 'a#e *oul( #ea t!at t!e (i'#i''al *a' otu'tie( a(, t!e"e+o"e, ille.al$ Si.icatly, i o"(e" to co'titute a u'tcau'e +o" t!e e#ployee' (i'#i''al, t!e e.lect o+ (utie' #u't ot oly 0e."o'' 0ut al'o !a0itual$ :!u', t!e 'i.le o" i'olate( act o+ e.li.ece (oe'ot co'titute a u't cau'e +o" t!e (i'#i''al o+ t!e e#ployee$ Ke"ily,a''u#i. a".ue(o t!at p"ivate "e'po(et' *e"e e.li.et, alt!ou.! t!i'

Cou"t +ou( ot!e"*i'e, it coul( oly 0e a 'i.le o" a i'olate( act t!atcaot 0e cate.o"i)e( a' !a0itual, !ece, ot a u't cau'e +o" t!ei"


6/30

(i'#i''al$ O t!e ot!e" !a(, lo'' o+ t"u't a( co(ece to 0e a vali(."ou( +o" (i'#i''al #u't 0e 0a'e( o a *ill+ul 0"eac! o+ t"u't a( +ou(e(o clea"ly e'ta0li'!e( +act'$ :!e a0o" A"0ite", t!e NRC a( t!e Cou"t o+Appeal' *e"e uai#ou' i (ecla"i. t!at t!e"e *a' o *ill+ul 0"eac! o+co(ece i t!e i'tat ca'e a' petitioe"' +aile( to e'ta0li'! *it!ce"taity t!e +act' upo *!ic! it coul( 0e 0a'e($ (ee(, petitioe"Natioal oo-'to"e lo't 'o#e +u(', 0ut it' clai# t!at p"ivate "e'po(et'*e"e "e'po'i0le t!e"e+o" *a' ot 'uppo"te( 0y ay 'u0'tatial evi(ece$

2"B an Asso1iates< In1. >s. %RC< ".R o. 69@@< 3ar1+ :< 6@@?

ACTS% O Fe0"ua"y 25, 199@, 0e+o"e t!e eBpi"atio o+ !i' cot"act o+e#ploy#et, p"ivate "e'po(et *a' .ive otice 0y !i' e#ploye" t!at !i'e#ploy#et *a' te"#iate( +o" t!e "ea'o t!at !i' pe"+o"#ace 0ot! ip"o(uctivity a( eciecy *a' 0elo* ave"a.e$ :!e te"#iatio o+ !i'e#ploy#et too- e>ect o t!e 'a#e (ay$ =e *a' i##e(iately 'c!e(ule(to (epa"t Sau(i A"a0ia a( o Fe0"ua"y 28, 199@, t!"ee (ay' a+te" !i'(i'#i''al, !e +ou( !i#'el+ al"ea(y i t!e &!ilippie'$% O Ma"c! 12, 199@, p"ivate "e'po(et le( *it! t!e &OEA a co#plaita.ai't JQ a( A''ociate', c$, :a"i =a A"c!itect' a( Cout"y a-e"''u"ace Co"po"atio, alle.i. ille.al (i'#i''al a( 'ee-i. pay#et o+'ala"ie' co""e'po(i. to t!e ueBpi"e( po"tio o+ !i' e#ploy#etcot"act, 'ala"y (i>e"etial, "e+u( o+ S$R$ 1,@@@ *!ic! *a' *it!!el( +"o#!i# +o" telep!oe 0ill', #o"al (a#a.e' a( atto"eyI' +ee'$% &etitioe" ave""e( t!at p"ivate "e'po(et *a' (i'#i''e( +o" e.lect o+(utie' a( pe"+o"#ace 0elo* pa"$ &etitioe" al'o alle.e( t!at alt!ou.! op"io" otice o+ (i'#i''al *a' .ive to p"ivate "e'po(et, !e *a' .ive ilieu t!e"eo+ a otice payP euivalet to oe #ot! 'ala"y$

E%D4 Q"o'' e.li.ece coote' *at o+ ca"e i t!e pe"+o"#ace o+ oeI'(utie'$2=a0itual e.lect i#plie' "epeate( +ailu"e to pe"+o"# oeI' (utie'

+o" a pe"io( o+ ti#e, (epe(i. upo t!e ci"cu#'tace'$ O t!e ot!e"!a(, +"au( a( *ill+ul e.lect o+ (utie' i#ply 0a( +ait! o t!e pa"t o+ t!ee#ployee i +aili. to pe"+o"# !i' o0 to t!e (et"i#et o+ t!e e#ploye" a(t!e latte"I' 0u'ie''$% Noe o+ t!e'e cau'e' i' 'tate( i t!e t*o lette"' o+ t!e e#ploye" a'"ea'o' +o" (i'#i''i. p"ivate "e'po(et$ Noe o+ t!e "ea'o' t!e"e'tate( eve app"oBi#ate' ay o+ t!e cau'e' p"ovi(e( i t!e cot"act o+e#ploy#et +o" t!e te"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et 0y t!e e#ploye"$% (ee(, t!e ."ou(' .ive +o" p"ivate "e'po(etI' (i'#i''al a"e ot!i.0ut .ee"al, va.ue a( a#o"p!ou' alle.atio'$ A' t!e NRC ote(, t!elette"' (o ot 'tate pa"ticula" act' *!ic! '!o* t!at p"ivate "e'po(et *a'i(ee( e.li.et a( t!at !i' pe"+o"#ace *a' 0elo* pa"$ No" (i(petitioe" '!o* t!e ta.i0le acial lo'' *!ic! it clai#e( it 'u>e"e( a' a

"e'ult o+ p"ivate "e'po(etI' alle.e( e.lect o+ (uty$

CATEDRA% SC##% # TEC#%#"Y $ %RC ($A%%E2ERA)214 SCRA 551

Octo0e" 1?, 1992

ATURE' &etitio +o" certiorari o+ a (eci'io o+ NRC$ACTS% Sta"ti. a' a a'pi"at to t!e Co."e.atio o+ t!e Reli.iou' o+ Ki".i Ma"y

RKM7, KAEJERA *o"-e( o a volutee" 0a'i' a' a li0"a"y ai(e o+ CS:, ae(ucatioal i'titutio "u 0y t!e RKM 'i'te"'$ Evetually '!e 0eca#e a"e.ula" e#ployee o+ CS:, a.ai a' li0"a"y ai(e$% t *a' a"ou( 'uc! "e.ula" e#ploy#et, !o*eve", t!at t"ou0le (evelope($:!e 'i'te"' 0e.a "eceivi. co#plait' +"o# 'tu(et' a( e#ployee'a0out KAEJERA' (icult pe"'oality a( 'ou" (i'po'itio at *o"-$ O oeocca'io, KAEJERA *a' 'u##oe( to t!e Oce o+ t!e Di"ect"e'' 0ySS:ER A&ONARA, '!o"tly a+te" t!e "e'i.atio o+ t!e 'c!ool' C!ie+i0"a"ia o accout o+ i""ecocila0le (i>e"ece' *it! KAEJERA, +o" t!epu"po'e o+ cla"i+yi. t!e #atte"$ SR A&ONARA al'o i+o"#e( KAEJERAo+ t!e e.ative "epo"t' "eceive( 0y !e" oce "e.a"(i. t!e latte"'+"ictioal *o"-i. "elatio'!ip *it! co%*o"-e"' a( 'tu(et' a( "e#i(e(KAEJERA a0out t!e p"ope" 0e!avio" i t!e ite"e't o+ peace a( !a"#oyi t!e 'c!ool li0"a"y$ KAEJERA "e'ete( t!e o0'e"vatio' a0out !e"actuatio' a( *a' co#pletely u"eceptive to t!e a(vice .ive 0y !e"'upe"io"$ S!e "eacte( violetly to SR A&ONARA a( a."ily o>e"e( to"e'i., "epeate(ly 'ayi., OG, *ill "e'i.$ *ill "e'i.$ :!e"ea+te",*it!out *aiti. to 0e (i'#i''e( +"o# t!e #eeti., '!e 'to"#e( out o+ t!eoce$% O 'epa"ate occa'io' t!e"ea+te", CS: a( SR A&ONARA &E::ONERS,+o" 0"evity7 'et people to covice KAEJERA to 'ettle !e" (i>e"ece'*it! t!e +o"#e"$ KAEJERA "e#aie( a(a#at i !e" "e+u'al to 'u0#it toaut!o"ity$ Evetually, SR A&ONARA, 0y lette", i+o"#e( KAEJERA to loo-+o" aot!e" o0 a' t!e 'c!ool !a( (eci(e( to accept !e" "e'i.atio$KAEJERA le( a co#plait +o" ille.al (i'#i''al$ A i''ue a"o'e a' to*!et!e" t!e"e *a' la*+ul cau'e +o" !e" (i'#i''al$ISSUE' ON t!e"e *a' t!e"e la*+ul cau'e +o" KAEJERAI' (i'#i''al

E%D'ESRatio :!e "ea'o +o" *!ic! KAEJERAI' 'e"vice' *e"e te"#iate(,a#ely, !e" u"ea'oa0le 0e!avio" a( uplea'at (epo"t#et i (eali.*it! t!e people '!e clo'ely *o"-' *it!, i' aalo.ou' to t!e ot!e" u'tcau'e' eu#e"ate( u(e" AR:$282, a0o" Co(e$% &E::ONERS ave"#et' o KAEJERAI' (i'a."eea0le c!a"acte" a'ua""el'o#e, 0o''y, u"ea'oa0le a( ve"y (icult to (eal *it!, a"e'uppo"te( 0y te'ti#oie' o+ 'eve"al co%e#ployee' a( 'tu(et' o+ CS:$ +act, !e" ove"0ea"i. pe"'oality cau'e( t!e c!ie+ li0"a"ia to "e'i.,Fu"t!e"#o"e, t!e co#plait' a0out !e" o0ectioa0le 0e!avio" *e"eco"#e( 0y !e" "ep"oac!a0le actuatio' (u"i. !e" #eeti. *it! SRA&ONARA, *!e KAEJERA, upo 0ei. a(vi'e( o+ t!e ee( to i#p"ove!e" *o"-i. "elatio' *it! ot!e"', o0't"epe"ou'ly "eacte( a(

uce"e#oiou'ly *al-e( out o !e" 'upe"io", a( a""o.atly "e+u'e( to'u0'euetly clea" up #atte"' o" to apolo.i)e t!e"e+o"$ :o #a-e #atte"'
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/mar1996/109390.htm#_edn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/mar1996/109390.htm#_edn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/mar1996/109390.htm#_edn2


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*o"'e, '!e i.o"e( t!e pe"'o' 'et 0y &E::ONERS to ite"vee i ae>o"t to 0"i. t!e #atte" to a peace+ul "e'olutio$ :!e co(uct '!eeB!i0ite( o t!at occa'io '#ac-' o+ '!ee" (i'"e'pect a( (eace o+aut!o"ity a( a''u#e' t!e p"opo"tio o+ 'e"iou' #i'co(uct o"i'u0o"(iatio, ay o+ *!ic! co'titute' u't cau'e +o" (i'#i''al +"o#e#ploy#et$% A' CS: i' "u 0y a "eli.iou' o"(e", it i' 0ut eBpecte( t!at .oo( 0e!avio"a( p"ope" (epa"t#et, e'pecially a#o. t!e "a-' o+ it' o* e#ployee',a"e #ao" co'i(e"atio' i t!e +ulll#et o+ it' #i''io$ H(e" t!e

ci"cu#'tace', t!e 'i'te"' caot 0e +aulte( +o" (eci(i. to te"#iateKAEJERA *!o'e p"e'ece !a' 0eco#e #o"e a 0u"(e "at!e" t!a a oya( !a( p"ove( to 0e (i'"uptive o+ t!e !a"#oiou' at#o'p!e"e o+ t!e'c!ool$Disposition NLRC decision that VALLEJERA was illegally dismissed, SETAS!E.

APARETE SR $ %RC (C#CA4C#%A B#TT%ERS PI%)??1 SCRA 82

DE EON JR; Ap"il 23, 2@@@

ACTS% Rola(o Apa"ate, S"$ *a' "'t e#ploye( 0y p"ivate "e'po(et Coca%Cola ottle"' &!il'$, c$ CC&7, Qee"al Sato' City &lat a' a''i'tat#ec!aic i Ap"il 193@$ =e "o'e t!"ou.! t!e "a-' to evetually !ol( t!epo'itio o+ a(ve"ti'i. +o"e#a util !i' te"#iatio o May 12, 1988 +o"alle.e( violatio o+ co#pay "ule' a( "e.ulatio'$ =i' #ot!ly 'ala"y att!e ti#e o+ !i' te"#iatio *a' &5,6@@$% O Nove#0e" 9, 1983, Apa"ate ("ove CC&' a(ve"ti'i. t"uc- to i'talla pael 'i.$ =e 'i(e'*ipe( Ma"ily :ee"o, a te%yea" ol( .i"l$ =e 0"ou.!t:ee"o to =e"a#il Cliic +o" "'t ai( t"eat#et$ A' t!e .i"l 'u>e"e( a 2 c#+"actu"e o !e" '-ull *!ic! *a' att"i0ute( to t!e p"ot"u(i. 0olt o t!et"uc-' (oo", '!e *a' 'u0'euetly t"a'+e""e( to t!e Qee"al Sato' CityDocto"' =o'pital *!e"e '!e u(e"*et 'u".ical ope"atio$ S!e 'taye( it!e !o'pital +o" a0out a #ot!$% Five (ay' a+te" t!e acci(et, !e "epo"te( t!e ici(et to CC&$ At a0out

t!e 'a#e ti#e, !e 'u0#itte( !i#'el+ to t!e police aut!o"itie' at &olo#olo-,Sout! Cota0ato +o" ive'ti.atio *!e"e it *a' (i'cove"e( t!at !e !a( o("ive"' lice'e at t!e ti#e o+ t!e acci(et$ vie* t!e"eo+, FQH 'u"aceCo"po"atio, a i'u"e" o+ CC&' ve!icle', (i( ot "ei#0u"'e t!e latte" +o"t!e eBpe'e' it icu""e( i coectio *it! :ee"o' !o'pitali)atio a totala#out o+ &19,5?4$45$% CC& co(ucte( a ive'ti.atio o+ t!e ici(et *!e"e Apa"ete *a'.ive t!e oppo"tuity to eBplai !i' 'i(e a( to (e+e( !i#'el+$O May 12, 1988, Apa"ete *a' (i'#i''e( +o" !avi. violate( t!e co#pay"ule' a( "e.ulatio' pa"ticula"ly Sec$ 12 o+ Rule @@5%858 +o" 0latat(i'"e.a"( o+ e'ta0li'!e( cot"ol p"oce(u"e' "e'ulti. i co#pay (a#a.e'$% :!e a0o" A"0ite" o"(e"e( !i' "ei'tate#et *it!out 0ac- *a.e'$ :!eNRC a"#e( 0ut "eve"'e( it' "uli. upo #otio o+ CC&$ t (ecla"e( t!e

(i'#i''al a' oe +o" u't cau'e a( e>ecte( a+te" o0'e"vace o+ (uep"oce''$

ISSUES1$ ON t!e NRC e""e( i !ol(i. t!at CC& a>o"(e( petitioe" (uep"oce''2$ ON t!e NRC e""e( i up!ol(i. t!e (i'#i''al (e'pite it' iitial (i.t!at t!e CC& !a( i#plicitly tole"ate( petitioe"I' ("ivi. *it!out a lice'e?$ ON t!e i+"actio co##itte( 0y petitioe" *a""at' t!e pealty o+(i'#i''al (e'pite t!e +act t!at it *a' !i' "'t o>e'e (u"i. !i' 18 lo.yea"' o+ 'ati'+acto"y a( u0le#i'!e( 'e"vice

E%D1$ NORatio:!e e''ece o+ (ue p"oce'' (oe' ot ece''a"ily #ea o" "eui"e a!ea"i. 0ut 'i#ply a "ea'oa0le oppo"tuity o" a "i.!t to 0e !ea"( o" a'applie( to a(#ii't"ative p"ocee(i.', a oppo"tuity to eBplai oe' 'i(e$ la0o" ca'e', t!e li. o+ po'itio pape"' a( 'uppo"ti. (ocu#et' +ulllt!e "eui"e#et' o+ (ue p"oce''$Reasoning% Apa"ete *a' +ully a*a"e t!at !e *a' 0ei. ive'ti.ate( +o" !i'ivolve#et i t!e ve!icula" acci(et t!at too- place o Nove#0e" 9,1983$ t *a' al'o -o* to !i# t!at a' a "e'ult o+ t!e acci(et, t!e victi#'u>e"e( a 2 c# +"actu"e o !e" '-ull *!ic! le( to t!e latte"' 'u".icalope"atio a( coe#et i t!e !o'pital +o" *!ic! CC& icu""e(eBpe'e' a#outi. to &19,5?4$45 *!ic! FQH 'u"ace Co"po"atio"e+u'e( to "ei#0u"'e upo (i. t!at !e *a' ("ivi. *it!out a vali(("ive"' lice'e$ :!u', 0ei. a*a"e o+ all t!e'e ci"cu#'tace' a( t!ei#po'a0le 'actio' u(e" CC&' Co(e o+ Di'ciplia"y Rule' a(Re.ulatio', !e '!oul( !ave ta-e it upo !i#'el+ to p"e'et evi(ece tole''e !i' culpa0ility$2$ NOReasoning% Acco"(i. to Apa"ete, !e i+o"#e( t!e co#pay t!at !e !a( lo't !i'lice'e ve #ot!' 0e+o"e t!e acci(et$ Not*it!'ta(i. 'uc! +act, t!eco#pay allo*e( !i# to cotiue ("ivi. t!e ve!icle a''i.e( to !i#$:!u', !e '!i+t' t!e 0la#e to t!e co#pay, clai#i. t!at it '!oul( !ave'i#ply o"(e"e( !i# to (e'i't +"o# ("ivi. t!e ve!icle oce it *a' i+o"#e(o+ t!e lo'' o+ !i' lice'e$ =i' cotetio i' 0elie( 0y !i' ve"y o* a(#i''io

i !i' po'itio pape"' le( 0e+o"e t!e a0o" A"0ite" a( t!e NRC t!at t!eco#pay !a( i +act p"o!i0ite( !i# +"o# ("ivi. i##e(iately a+te" !e lo't!i' lice'e, a( !a( "eue'te( !i# to 'ecu"e a e* lice'e$ =o*eve",t!"ou.! #i'"ep"e'etatio', !e le( CC& to 0elieve t!at !e !a( p"ocu"e(aot!e" ("ive"' lice'e$ :!u', !e *a' pe"#itte( to ("ive a.ai$?$ ESRatio:!e la* *a""at' t!e (i'#i''al o+ a e#ployee *it!out #a-i. ay(i'tictio 0et*ee a "'t o>e(e" a( a !a0itual (eliuet *!e"e t!etotality o+ t!e evi(ece *a' 'uciet to *a""at !i' (i'#i''al$ p"otecti. t!e "i.!t' o+ t!e la0o"e", t!e la* aut!o"i)e' eit!e" opp"e''ioo" 'el+%(e't"uctio o+ t!e e#ploye"$Reasoning% Co#pay policie' a( "e.ulatio', ule'' '!o* to 0e ."o''ly opp"e''ive

o" cot"a"y to la*, a"e .ee"ally vali( a( 0i(i. o t!e pa"tie' a( #u't0e co#plie( *it! util ally "evi'e( o" a#e(e(, uilate"ally o" p"e+e"a0ly


8/30

t!"ou.! e.otiatio, 0y co#petet aut!o"ity$ :!e Cou"t !a' up!el( aco#pay' #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative' 'o lo. a' t!ey a"e eBe"ci'e( i.oo( +ait! +o" t!e a(vace#et o+ t!e e#ploye"' ite"e't a( ot +o" t!epu"po'e o+ (e+eati. o" ci"cu#veti. t!e "i.!t' o+ t!e e#ployee' u(e"'pecial la*' o" u(e" vali( a."ee#et'$% Fi"'t, Apa"ete' (i'#i''al i' u'tie( 0y Co#pay "ule' a( "e.ulatio'$ ti' t"ue t!at !i' violatio o+ co#pay "ule' i' !i' "'t o>e'e$ Noet!ele'',t!e (a#a.e cau'e( to p"ivate "e'po(et a#oute( to #o"e t!a &5,@@@,t!u', t!e pealty o+ (i'c!a".e i' p"ope"ly i#po'a0le a' p"ovi(e( 0y CC&'

Co(e o+ Di'ciplia"y Rule' a( Re.ulatio'$% Seco(, A"ticle 282, i o"(e" t!at a e#ploye" #ay (i'#i'' a e#ployeeo t!e ."ou( o+ *ill+ul (i'o0e(iece, t!e"e #u't 0e cocu""ece o+ atlea't t*o "eui'ite'< :!e e#ployee' a''aile( co(uct #u't !ave 0ee*ill+ul o" itetioal, t!e *ill+ule'' 0ei. c!a"acte"i)e( 0y a *"o.+ul a(pe"ve"'e attitu(e; a( t!e o"(e" violate( #u't !ave 0ee "ea'oa0le,la*+ul, #a(e -o* to t!e e#ployee a( #u't pe"tai to t!e (utie' *!ic!!e !a( 0ee e.a.e( to (i'c!a".e$ e !ave +ou( t!e'e "eui'ite' to 0ep"e'et i t!e ca'e at 0a"$ :!e evi(ece clea"ly "eveal' t!e *ill+ul act o+Apa"ete i ("ivi. *it!out a vali( ("ive"' l ice'e, a +act t!at !e eve t"ie(to coceal (u"i. t!e ive'ti.atio co(ucte( 0y CC&$ Suc! #i'co(uct'!oul( ot 0e "e*a"(e( *it! "e%e#ploy#et a( 0ac- *a.e', +o" to (o 'o*oul( *"ea- !avoc o t!e (i'ciplia"y "ule' t!at e#ployee' a"e "eui"e( too0'e"ve$% t!e i'tat ca'e, *e ( t!e a*a"( to petitioe" o+ 'epa"atio pay 0y*ay o+ acial a''i'tace euivalet to 1L2 #ot!' pay +o" eve"y yea" o+'e"vice euita0le$ Alt!ou.! #e"iti. te"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et,petitioe"' i+"actio i' ot a' "ep"e!e'i0le o" u'c"upulou' a' to *a""atco#plete (i'"e.a"( +o" t!e +act t!at t!i' i' !i' "'t o>e'e i ae#ploy#et t!at !a' 'pae( 18 lo. yea"'$DispositionDeci'io o+ t!e NRC i' AFFRMED$

RA3#S $ %RC298 SCRA 225

&HNO; Octo0e" 21, 1998

ATURE' &etitio +o" ce"tio"a"i to aul NRC (eci'ioACTS% 1938, Eli)a0et! Ra#o' *a' e#ploye( 0y Hite( State' E#0a''yFilipio E#ployee' C"e(it Coope"ative HSECO7% 199?, t!e HSECO oa"( c"eate( a Au(it a( veto"y Co##ittee to(ete"#ie *!et!e" HSECO !a' a 'ou( acial #aa.e#et a( cot"ol#ec!ai'#$% :!e co##ittee +ou( ao#alie' i HSECOI' le(i. t"a'actio'$&etitioe" a( !e" co%e#ployee', u) Co"oel a( Naette e.a'pi, *e"ecalle( to '!e( li.!t o 'o#e ite#' i t!e Au(it Co##ittee Repo"t, 'uc! a'u"eco"(e( loa', +a0"icate( le(.e", +al'icatio o+ (ocu#et',acco##o(atio' o+ pay"oll c!ec-', eca'!#et o+ c!ec-LC&A', "e'i.e(#e#0e"', u"eco"(e( loa o+ "e'i.e( #e#0e"' a( *it!("a*al o+ #o"e

t!a t!e (epo'it'$% Du"i. t!e #eeti., et! a(#itte( !e" 'e"iou' o>e'e i "e.a"( to

+al'icatio o+ (ocu#et'$ !e a'-e( 0y t!e oa"( to eBplai !o*"ecetly "e'i.e( #e#0e"' a( ot!e" "e'i.e( e#ployee' i t!e pa't *e"ea0le to 'ecu"e loa', et! "eplie( t!at '!e Tu't *ate( to !elp #e#0e"'*it!out "e.a"( to eBi'ti. policie'$% !e" *"itte eBplaatio, et! 'ai( t!at t!e loa' a"e app"ove( 0a'e(o p"e"o.ative' o+ i(ivi(ual' i aut!o"ity$ S!e 'ai( t!at, it i' u+o"tuatet!at t!e HSECH Sta> !a( to "e'o"t to c"eati. (u##y "eco"('$ ut 'icet!e loa' a"e (uly ac-o*le(.e( 0y t!e 0o""o*e"' i ot!e" le.iti#ate(ocu#et', it i' "ea(ily appa"et t!at t!e "eco"(' *e"e #a(e 'i#ply to

acco##o(ate t!o'e 0o""o*e"' 0eyo( t!e aut!o"i)e( li#it', 0ut eve",eve" to (e+"au( HSECH$P% Ra#o' *a' p"evetively 'u'pe(e( +o" ?@ (ay'$ ate", petitioe" *a'place( o +o"ce( leave *it! pay, pe(i. t!e co#pletio o+ t!eive'ti.atio$% HSECO co##i''ioe( a eBte"al au(iti. "# to eBa#ie t!ei""e.ula"itie' (i'cove"e( i it' le(i. p"actice'$ :!e au(ito" co"#e( t!ei""e.ula"itie' a( al'o (i'cove"e( '!o"ta.e' i 0a- (epo'it'$% HSECO (i'#i''e( t!e petitioe" +o" lo'' o+ t"u't a( co(ece$ &etitioe"coute"e( *it! a co#plait +o" ille.al (i'#i''al, ille.al 'u'pe'io,u(e"pay#et o+ 'ala"y, #o"al (a#a.e' a( atto"eyI' +ee'$% a0o" A"0ite" 'u'taie( t!e 'u'pe'io a( (i'#i''al o+ petitioe" 0uto"(e"e( t!e pay#et o+ !e" upai( 'ala"y$ISSUES1$ ON t!e"e i' u't cau'e +o" petitioe"I' 'u'pe'io a( (i'#i''al2$ ONt!e NRC co##itte( ."ave a0u'e o+ (i'c"etio i ."ati. p"ivate"e'po(etI' 'eco( #otio +o" "eco'i(e"atioE%D1$ ES% &o'itio o+ petitioe" a' Maa.e#et A''i'tat "eui"e' a !i.! (e."ee o+t"u't a( co(ece$% o'' o+ co(ece i' a vali( ."ou( +o" (i'#i''al o+ a e#ployee$ t!eca'e at 0a", HSECO p"ove( t!at it' lo'' o+ co(ece o petitioe" !a' a"atioal 0a'i'$ :!e (i.' o+ t!e la0o" a"0ite" o t!i' +actual i''ue a"e'uppo"te( 0y t!e evi(ece$% &etitioe"' eBplaatio t!at t!e loa p"actice' *e"e #a(e +o" t!e0eet o+ t!e 0o""o*i. #e#0e"' a( ot to (e+"au( HSECO caot

eBoe"ate !e"$ =e" u'ou( p"actice' e(a.e"e( t!e acial co(itioo+ HSECO 0ecau'e o+ t!e po''i0ility t!at t!e loa' coul( ot 0e collecte( atall$% &etitioe" *a' ot (eie( (ue p"oce'' 0e+o"e '!e *a' 'u'pe(e( a(late" (i'#i''e($ :!e "eco"(' '!o* t!at petitioe" *a' calle( 0y t!e HSECOoa"( o+ Di"ecto"' a( co+"ote( *it! t!e (i.' o+ t!e Au(it, a(veto"y Co##ittee '!o*i. t!e i""e.ula"itie' '!e co##itte($ S!e *a'a'-e( to eBplai i *"iti. t!e'e i""e.ula"itie'$ &etitioe" 'u0#itte( !e"*"itte eBplaatio$ :!u', petitioe" caot co#plai t!at '!e (i( otu(e"'ta( t!e c!a".e' a.ai't !e"$ S!e i' e(ucate( a( '!e i##e(iatelyeBplaie( !e" 'i(e$ Due p"oce'' 'i#ply (e#a(' a oppo"tuity to 0e!ea"( a( t!i' oppo"tuity *a' ot (eie( !e"$2$ NO

% Sectio 14 o+ t!e Rule' o+ t!e NRC p"ovi(e'e"e( to leave !e" po'itio *it!out ay eBplaatio +"o#t!e #aa.e#et$ S!e (eclie( t!e o>e", 0ut *a' o"(e"e( to 0e t"a'+e""e(to t!e le.al (epa"t#et$ S!e a.ai (eclie( to +ollo* t!e o"(e" eBplaii.t!at '!e !a( 0ee a( *oul( 0e #o"e e>ective to !e" p"e'et po'itiot!a i t!e le.al (epa"t#et$ =o*eve", *!ile o ocial 'ic- leave, '!e"eceive( a #e''a.e o !e" pa.e" t!at aot!e" oce" *a' appoite( to

!a(le !e" po'itio at t!e pe'io (epa"t#et a( t!at t!e oce it'el+*a' p!y'ically t"a'+e""e( to aot!e" place$ !e '!e "etu"e(, '!e +ou(


10/30

out t!at !e" a#e *a' o lo.e" o t!e ocial li't o+ &!ila#li+e e#ployee'$:!e"ea+te", '!e le( a ca'e +o" ille.al o" co't"uctive (i'#i''al a.ai'tpetitioe"$ :!e la0o" a"0ite" +ou( t!at t!e "e'po(et *a' ot ille.ally(i'#i''e($ :!e NRC a"#e( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e la0o" a"0ite"$ O appeal,t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal' "eve"'e( t!e (eci'io a( o"(e"e( t!e petitioe" topay "e'po(et 'epa"atio pay i lieu o+ "ei'tate#et, plu' ot!e" 0eet'acc"ui. to !e"$ =ece, t!i' petitio$ :!e i''ue to 0e "e'olve( !e"ei *a'*!et!e" t!e "e'po(et *a' co't"uctively (i'#i''e( o" *a' !e" t"a'+e" ale.iti#ate eBe"ci'e o+ #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative$

:!e Sup"e#e Cou"t a"#e( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal'$Acco"(i. to t!e Cou"t, 0a( +ait! a( (i'c"i#iatio o t!e pa"t o+ t!epetitioe" *e"e p"o+u'ely pe"ceive( +"o# it' actio'$ :!e #aa.e"ialp"e"o.ative' a"e 'u0ect to li#itatio' p"ovi(e( 0y la*, collective0a".aii. a."ee#et', a( .ee"al p"iciple' o+ +ai" play a( u'tice$

PI% AIR%IES IC $ %RC (CASTR#)292 SCRA 4@

ROMERO; July 8, 1998

ATURE' Appeal +"o# a (eci'io o+ t!e NRC a"#i. t!e (eci'io o+ t!eAACTS% &"ivate Re'po(et E(il0e"to Ca't"o, a e#ployee #ai+e'ti. cle"-7 o+&A *a' app"e!e(e( 0y .ovt$ aut!o"itie' *!ile a0out to 0oa"( a i.!t to=$G$ Ca't"o a( co%e#ployee A"al(o Ol(o *e"e +ou( to 0e ipo''e''io o+ &?9,85@ a( &6,@@@ "e'pectively, i violatio o+ Cet"al a-C7 Ci"cula" 265, a' a#e(e( 0y C Ci"cula" ?8?, 1 i "elatio to Sectio?4 o+ R$A$ 265, a' a#e(e($% Hpo -o*le(.e o+ t!i' ici(et, &A "eui"e( "e'po(et to eBplai*it!i 24 !"' *!y !e '!oul( ot 0e c!a".e( a(#ii't"atively$ =e +aile( toco#ply a( *a' place( o p"evetive 'u'pe'io e>ective Ma"c! 23, 1984+o" ."ave #i'co(uct$ A ive'ti.atio *a' late" co(ucte( *!e"ei"e'po(et a(#itte( o*e"'!ip o+ t!e co'cate( #oey 0ut (eie( ay-o*le(.e o+ C Ci"cula" 265$ Re'po(et, t!"ou.! t!e &A E#ployee'

A''ociatio &AEA7 t!e 'ou.!t ot oly t!e (i'#i''al o+ !i' ca'e 0ut al'op"aye( +o" !i' "ei'tate#et$% ? yea"' a( 6 #ot!' a+te" !i' 'u'pe'io, &A i''ue( a "e'olutio (i."e'po(et .uilty o+ t!e o>e'e c!a".e( 0ut oet!ele'' "ei'tate( t!elatte" eBplaii. t!at t!e pe"io( *it!i *!ic! !e *a' out o+ *o"- '!all'e"ve a' pealty +o" 'u'pe'io$ Hpo "ei'tate#et, "e'po(et le( aclai# a.ai't &A +o" 0ac-*a.e' a( 'ala"y ic"ea'e' ."ate( u(e" t!eCA cove"i. t!e pe"io( o+ !i' 'u'pe'io *!ic! t!e latte", !o*eve",(eie( o accout t!at u(e" t!e eBi'ti. CA, a e#ployee u(e"'u'pe'io i' ot etitle( to CA 'ala"y ic"ea'e' ."ate( (u"i. t!epe"io( cove"e( 0y !i' pealty$P% a0o" A"0ite" De Ke"a "e(e"e( a (eci'io i +avo" o+ Ca't"o; li#iti. !i''u'pe'io to 1 #ot!; o"(e"i. &A to pay !i' 'ala"ie', 0eet', a( ot!e"

p"ivile.e' +"o# Ap"il 26, 1984 up to Sept$ 18, 1983 a( to pay !i' 'ala"yic"ea'e' acc"ui. (u"i. t!e pe"io( a+o"e'ai($ Mo"al (a#a.e' a(

eBe#pla"y (a#a.e' *e"e li-e*i'e a*a"(e($ O appeal, t!e NRC a"#e(t!e A (eci'io 0ut (elete( t!e a*a"( o+ #o"al a( eBe#pla"y (a#a.e',!ece, t!i' petitio$ISSUE' ON a e#ployee *!o !a' 0ee p"evetively 'u'pe(e( 0eyo(t!e #aBi#u# ?@%(ay pe"io( i' etitle( to 0ac-*a.e' a( 'ala"y ic"ea'e'."ate( u(e" t!e CA (u"i. !i' pe"io( o+ 'u'pe'ioE%D'ES% :!e "ule' a"e "at!e" clea" u(e" Sec'$ ? a( 4, Rule UK o+ t!e O#i0u'Rule' #ple#eti. t!e a0o" Co(eo"t' to "e't"uctu"e it' o".ai)atio$% &"eviou'ly, i 1982, Dole "e(uce( it' #apo*e" 0y 5@9 *o"-e"' 0ut

p"olo.e( collective 0a".aii. e.otiatio', *!ic! e(e( i 199@,p"evete( t!e co#pay +"o# p"ocee(i. *it! it' "e't"uctu"i.% A#o. t!e +acto"' co'i(e"e( 0y t!e co#pay i u(e"ta-i. t!e"e(uctio p"o."a# *a' t!e !i.! a0'eteei'# "ate, *!ic! i 1989accoute( +o" 16V o+ total #a !ou"'$ :!e !i.! a0'eteei'# "atet"a'late( to !i.!e" pai( 'ic- leave', !i.!e" ope"ati. co't' +o" #e(ical+acilitie', a( !i.!e" t"a'po"tatio co't' (ue to u(e"%lle( a( late !aul'$% Dole al'o cite' t!e eBace"0atio o+ ope"ati. co't p"o0le#' (ue to+acto"' 0eyo( it' cot"ol, i$e$, t!e Qul+ a", oil p"ice ic"ea'e',#a(ate( *a.e ic"ea'e', t!e 9V i#po"t levy, po*e" "ate !i-e', a(ic"ea'e( la( "etal',P eBi'ti. at t!at ti#e$% Fu"t!e"#o"e, t!e 0loo(y Dece#0e" 1989 coup (Ietat '!oo- ive'to"co(ece a( put i (ou0t t!e cotiue( ecoo#ic p"o."e'' o+ t!e

cout"y$P

% &u"'uat to it' "e't"uctu"i. e>o"t', Dole a0oli'!e( t!e po'itio' o++o"e#e, 0a".aii. capatace' a( +o"ela(ie'$ E#ployee' occupyi. t!e'epo'itio' *e"e eit!e" p"o#ote( o" *e"e (i'#i''e( o ."ou(' o+"e(u(acy$% :o a(("e'' t!e 'u"plu' o+ #apo*e" "elative to it' ope"atio', Dole al'o(eci(e( to "e(uce t!e u#0e" o+ e#ployee' co#pay%*i(e$ 199@, t!eco#pay o>e"e( a Special Koluta"y Re'i.atio SKR7 p"o."a# o+ *!ic!#ay e#ployee', iclu(i. a u#0e" o+ p"ivate "e'po(et', availe($% Hpo app"oval o+ t!e applicatio', otice' o+ te"#iatio *e"e 'et to t!e

e#ployee' *!o availe( o+ t!e SKR$% A+te" "eceivi. t!e 0eet', 'ai( e#ployee%applicat' eBecute( aRelea'eP 'tati. t!at t!e e#ployee !a( o clai#' a.ai't Dole icoectio *it! !i' o" !e" e#ploy#et$ Su0'euetly, t!e (i'#i''e(e#ployee' eBecute( aot!e" Relea'e o+ Clai#P i +avo" o+ Dole$% A total o+ 2,?53 !ou"ly a( #ot!ly 'ala"ie( e#ployee' *e"e 'epa"ate(+"o# Dole (u"i. t!i' pe"io($% A+te" a''e''i. t!e outco#e o+ t!e SKR, Dole +ou( t!at it coul( 'till (o*it! le''e" e#ployee', a( p"ocee(e( to (i'#i'' #o"e o+ t!e# i Ma"c!1991$% Ove"all, 2,392 e#ployee' *e"e 'epa"ate( u(e" t!e SKR &"o."a#$% Oct$ 1991, co#plait' +o" ille.al (i'#i''al *e"e le( a.ai't Dole 0y Dea"a et al$% A Solao (i'#i''e( t!e co#plait' +o" lac- o+ #e"it; t!ei" (i'#i''al *a'

vali($% NRC "eve"'e( t!e A a( o"(e"e( "ei'tate#et$ Deie( DOEI' MR$ISSUE' ON DOEIS "e(u(acy p"o."a# i' vali( a( i+ 'o, *o t!e(i'#i''al o+ t!e "e'po(et e#ployee' a"e vali( a' *ellE%D'ES% Re(u(acy i' oe o+ t!e aut!o"i)e( cau'e' +o" t!e (i'#i''al o+ ae#ployee$% :!e lac- o+ otice to t!e DOE (oe' ot "e(e" t!e "e(u(acy p"o."a#voi($Reasoning% Wiltshire File Co. Inc., vs. NLRC:B B B "e(u(acy i a e#ploye"I'pe"'oel +o"ce ece''a"ily o" eve o"(ia"ily "e+e"' to (uplicatio o+ *o"-$:!at o ot!e" pe"'o *a' !ol(i. t!e 'a#e po'itio t!at p"ivate

"e'po(et !el( p"io" to t!e te"#iatio o+ !i' 'e"vice', (oe' ot '!o* t!at!i' po'itio !a( ot 0eco#e "e(u(at$ (ee(, i ay *ell%o".ai)e(0u'ie'' ete"p"i'e, it *oul( 0e 'u"p"i'i. to ( (uplicatio o+ *o"- a(t*o 27 o" #o"e people (oi. t!e *o"- o+ oe pe"'o$ e 0elieve t!at"e(u(acy, +o" pu"po'e' o+ t!e a0o" Co(e, eBi't' *!e"e t!e 'e"vice' o+a e#ployee a"e i eBce'' o+ *!at i' "ea'oa0ly (e#a(e( 0y t!e actual"eui"e#et' o+ t!e ete"p"i'e$ Succictly put, a po'itio i' "e(u(at*!e"e it i' 'upe"uou', a( 'upe"uity o+ a po'itio o" po'itio' #ay 0et!e outco#e o+ a u#0e" o+ +acto"', 'uc! a' ove"!i"i. o+ *o"-e"',(ec"ea'e( volu#e o+ 0u'ie'', o" ("oppi. o+ a pa"ticula" p"o(uct lie o"'e"vice activity p"eviou'ly #au+actu"e( o" u(e"ta-e 0y t!e ete"p"i'e$P% :!e c!a"acte"i)atio o+ a e#ployeeI' 'e"vice' a' o lo.e" ece''a"y o"'u'taia0le, a(, t!e"e+o"e, p"ope"ly te"#ia0le, i' a eBe"ci'e o+ 0u'ie''

u(.#et o t!e pa"t o+ t!e e#ploye"$ :!e *i'(o# o" 'ou(e'' o+ 'uc!


12/30

c!a"acte"i)atio o" (eci'io i' ot 'u0ect to (i'c"etioa"y "evie* p"ovi(e(,t!at violatio o+ la* o" a"0it"a"y o" #aliciou' actio i' ot '!o*$% DoleI' "e(u(acy p"o."a# (oe' ot appea" to 0e taite( 0y 0a( +ait!eve i+ it !i"e( ca'ual e#ployee' to "eplace t!o'e (i'#i''e( a' it !a'al*ay' !i"e( ca'ual e#ployee' to au.#et it' #apo*e" i acco"(ace*it! t!e (e#a(' o+ t!e i(u't"y$7% :!e petitio alle.e' t!at t!e "e(u(acy p"o."a# i' pa"t o+ a *i(e%'cale"e't"uctu"i. o+ t!e co#pay$% :!i' pu"po"te( "e't"uctu"i. i' 'uppo"te( 0y t!e co#payI' u(i'pute(

!i'to"y to*a"(' t!e'e e(', *!ic! cul#iate( i t!e a0olitio o+ ce"taipo'itio' a( t!e Special Koluta"y Re'i.atio p"o."a# i 199@%1991$% A#o. t!e avo*e( .oal' o+ 'uc! "e't"uctu"i. i' t!e "e(uctio o+a0'eteei'# i t!e co#pay$ :!e !a"'! ecoo#ic a( political cli#atet!e p"evaili. i t!e cout"y al'o e#p!a'i)e( t!e ee( +o" co't%'avi.#ea'u"e'$% Reo".ai)atio a' a co't%'avi. (evice i' ac-o*le(.e( 0y u"i'p"u(ece$A e#ploye" i' ot p"eclu(e( +"o# a(opti. a e* policy co(ucive to a#o"e ecoo#ical a( e>ective #aa.e#et, a( t!e la* (oe' ot "eui"et!at t!e e#ploye" '!oul( 0e 'u>e"i. acial lo''e' 0e+o"e !e cate"#iate t!e 'e"vice' o+ t!e e#ployee o t!e ."ou( o+ "e(u(acy$% :!e la*, !o*eve", (oe' ot p"evet e#ploye"' +"o# 'avi. o la0o"co't'$% te"atioal Macleo(, c$ v'$ te"#e(iate Appellate Cou"t< !el( t!at t!e

(ete"#iatio o+ t!e ee( +o" t!e p!a'i. out o+ a (epa"t#et a' a la0o"a( co't 'avi. (evice 0ecau'e it *a' o lo.e" ecoo#ical to "etai 'ai((epa"t#et i' a #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative, *it! *!ic! t!e cou"t' *ill otite"+e"e$% De Oca#po v'$ NRC< t!e "e(uctio o+ t!e u#0e" o+ *o"-e"' i aco#pay #a(e ece''a"y 0y t!e it"o(uctio o+ t!e 'e"vice' o+ Qe#acMac!ie"ie' i t!e #aiteace a( "epai" o+ it' i(u't"ial #ac!ie"y i'u'tie($ :!e"e ca 0e o ue'tio a' to t!e "i.!t o+ t!e co#pay tocot"act t!e 'e"vice' o+ Qe#ac Mac!ie"ie' to "eplace t!e 'e"vice'"e(e"e( 0y t!e te"#iate( #ec!aic' *it! a vie* to e>ecti. #o"eecoo#ic a( eciet #et!o(' o+ p"o(uctio$P So lo. a' t!e u(e"ta-i.to 'ave o la0o" co't' i' ot atte(e( 0y #alice, a"0it"a"ie'', o" itet ot!e pa"t o+ t!e e#ploye" to ci"cu#vet t!e la*, a' i t!i' ca'e, t!e Cou"t

*ill ot ite"+e"e *it! 'uc! e(eavo"$Ratio + a e#ployee co'ete( to !i' "et"ec!#et o" voluta"ily applie(+o" "et"ec!#et *it! t!e e#ploye" (ue to t!e i'tallatio o+ la0o"%'avi.(evice', "e(u(acy, clo'u"e o" ce''atio o+ ope"atio o" to p"evetacial lo''e' to t!e 0u'ie'' o+ t!e e#ploye", t!e "eui"e( p"eviou'otice to t!e DOE i' ot ece''a"y a' t!e e#ployee t!e"e0yac-o*le(.e( t!e eBi'tece o+ a vali( cau'e +o" te"#iatio o+ !i'e#ploy#et International Harvester, Inc. vs. NLRC) $% =e"e, #o't o+ t!e p"ivate "e'po(et' eve lle( up applicatio +o"#' to0e co'i(e"e( +o" t!e "e(u(acy p"o."a# a( t!u' ac-o*le(.e( t!eeBi'tece t!at t!ei" 'e"vice' *e"e "e(u(at$% &"ivate "e'po(et' eBecute( t*o "elea'e' i +avo" o+ petitioe" co#pay$% Not all uitclai#' a"e pe" 'e ivali( o" a.ai't pu0lic policy$ ut t!o'e

17 *!e"e t!e"e i' clea" p"oo+ t!at t!e *aive" *a' *a.le( +"o# au'u'pecti. o" .ulli0le pe"'o o"

27 *!e"e t!e te"#' o+ 'ettle#et a"e uco'cioa0le o t!ei" +ace a"eivali($ t!e'e ca'e', t!e la* *ill 'tep i to aul t!e ue'tioa0let"a'actio$ :!e"e i' o '!o*i. !e"e t!at p"ivate "e'po(et' a"eu'u'pecti. o" .ulli0le pe"'o'$ Neit!e" a"e t!e te"#' o+ t!e 'ettle#etuco'cioa0le$ (ee(, p"ivate "e'po(et' "eceive( a .ee"ou''epa"atio pac-a.e, a' 'et out i t!e a""atio o+ +act' a0ove$

Disposition &etitio i' QRAN:ED a( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e NRC ANNHEDa( SE: ASDE$ :RO F:ED

PI%IPPIE TUBERCU%#SIS S#CIETY IC $ %RC294 SCRA 563

MENDOZA; Au.u't 25, 1998

ATURE' :!i' i' a petitio +o" ce"tio"a"i to 'et a'i(e t!e (eci'io o+ t!eNRC (ecla"i. t!e "et"ec!#et o+ 116 e#ployee' o+ petitioe" ivali(a( o"(e"i. t!e "ei'tate#et a( 0ac-*a.e' to t!e#$ACTS% :!e &!ilippie :u0e"culo'i' Society, c$ i' a o%'toc- a( o%p"ot(o#e'tic co"po"atio *it! t!e p"i#a"y o0ective o+ .!ti. tu0e"culo'i' it!e &!ilippie'$ t !a' e#ployee' *!o a"e "ep"e'ete( 0y p"ivate"e'po(et Natioal a0o" Hio$

% t!e p"ocee(i.' 0e+o"e t!e NRC, it *a' '!o* t!at, i 1989, t!eSociety 0e.a to eBpe"iece 'e"iou' acial (icultie' *!e it icu""e( a(ecit o+ &2 #illio$ :!e '!o"t+all ic"ea'e( to &9,1@@,@@@$@@ i 199@ a(*a' ce"tai to 0eco#e *o"'e *e"e it ot +o" uic- #ea'u"e' ta-e 0ypetitioe"$% Fi"'t, t!e Society lea'e( a p"ope"ty i :ayu#a to a +a't+oo( outlet,cacelle( it' 'e"vice a."ee#et *it! a aito"ial co#pay, a( 'ol( it'euity i t!e &!ilippie o. Di'tace :elep!oe Co#pay &D:7$Seco(, it *it!("e* +"o# t!e &a.%0i. Fu( &"o."a#, e.otiate( *it! t!eQove"#et Se"vice 'u"ace Sy'te# +o" t!e "e't"uctu"i. o+ it'o0li.atio', a( applie( +o" eBe#ptio +"o# #ii#u# *a.e ic"ea'e'$Fially, it (i'app"ove( t!e ove"ti#e pay o+ 'upe"vi'o"y a( #aa.e"iale#ployee', o0taie( t!e *aive" o+ pe"'oel o+ t!ei" etitle#et to *a.e

(i>e"etial', a( i#ple#ete( t!e "et"ec!#et o+ oe !u("e( 'iBtee1167 e#ployee'$:!e "et"ec!#et i' t!e 'u0ect o+ t!e p"e'et 'uit$% O Septe#0e" 23, 1991, "e'po(et NH le( a otice o+ 't"i-e a.ai'tt!e Society *it! t!e Natioal Cociliatio a( Me(iatio oa"( NCM7,c!a".i. t!e Society *it! u+ai" la0o" p"actice i te"#iati. t!e 'e"vice'o+ t!e a+o"e#etioe( e#ployee'$% Co+e"ece' *e"e 'c!e(ule( 0y t!e NCM, *!ic! !o*eve" +aile( to"e'olve t!e ca'e$ O Nove#0e" 6, 1991, t!e Sec"eta"y o+ a0o" a(E#ploy#et Ru0e :o""e' ce"tie( t!e ca'e to t!e NRC o t!e ."ou(t!at t!e la0o" (i'pute 'e"iou'ly a>ecte( t!e atioal ite"e't$% O Au.u't ?1, 199?, t!e NRC "e(e"e( a (eci'io (ecla"i. a' ivali(t!e "et"ec!#et o+ t!e e#ployee' coce"e( o t!e ."ou( t!at t!eSociety (i( ot ta-e 'eio"ity ito accout i t!ei" 'electio$

ISSUE' ON NRC co##itte( ."ave a0u'e o+ (i'c"etio i "e(e"i. it'(eci'io


13/30

E%D' NO% Clea"ly u(e" t!e a0o" Co(e7, "et"ec!#et o" "e(uctio o+ t!e*o"-+o"ce i ca'e' o+ acial (icultie' i' "eco.i)e( a' a ."ou( +o" t!ete"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et$% Alt+o,g+ petitioner is a non4sto1/ an non4prot organiatione o t+reats to itseFisten1e is a>aila0le to it.% =o*eve", t!e e#ploye"I' p"e"o.ative to layo> e#ployee' i' 'u0ect toce"tai li#itatio' 'et +o"t! i ope) Su.a" Co"po"atio v$ Fe(e"atio o+F"ee o"-e"' a' +ollo*'e for a

retren1+ment to 0e >ali; (a) one4mont+ prior noti1e to t+eemployee as pres1ri0e 0y Arti1le 8;8 of t+e %a0or CoeH an 0),se of a fair an reasona0le 1riteria in 1arrying o,t t+eretren1+ment program< s,1+ as 6) less preferre stat,s (as in t+e1ase of temporary employees) 8) eG1ien1y rating< ) seniorityect 0y t!e "e'po(et' a( t!e latte" 't"o.ly a(vocate("et"ec!#et to p"evet lo''e' a' t!ei" 0a'i' i te"#iati. t!e p"ivate"e'po(et'$ A.."ieve( o+ t!e "e'po(et' actuatio' t!ey le( t!ep"e'et co#plait o" 0e+o"e t!e eBpi"atio o+ t!e ?@ (ay' otice$ Ju't ot!e ?@t! (ay o+ t!e otice o+ te"#iatio, +ou" o+ t!e *o"-e"' *e"e pai(t!ei" co""e'po(i. 'epa"atioL."atuity pay a( acco"(i.ly 'i.e( t!ei"/uitclai# a( Relea'e$ISSUE' ON t!e "et"ec!#et *a' u'tie(E%D' NO% Ret"ec!#et i' t!e te"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et e>ecte( 0y #aa.e#et(u"i. pe"io(' o+ 0u'ie'' "ece''io, i(u't"ial (ep"e''io, 'ea'oaluctuatio', lac- o+ *o"- o" co'i(e"a0le "e(uctio i t!e volu#e o+ t!ee#ploye"' 0u'ie''$ Re'o"te( to 0y a e#ploye" to avoi( o" #ii#i)e0u'ie'' lo''e', it i' a #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative co'i'tetly "eco.i)e( 0y

t!i' Cou"t a( allo*e( u(e" A"ticle 28? o+ t!e a0o" Co(e a' +ollo*'e"e( 0y t!e e#ploye" *oul(

u'ti+y "et"ec!#et u(e" t!i' a"ticle$ :!e Cou"t !a' !el( t!at t!e lo''"e+e""e( to i A"ticle 28? caot 0e u't ay -i( o" a#out o+ lo'';

ot!e"*i'e, a co#pay coul( ea'ily +ei. eBcu'e' to 'uit it' *!i#' a(p"eu(ice' o" to "i( it'el+ o+ u*ate( e#ployee'$% t!e ca'e at 0a", &etitioe" Co"po"atio clai#e( t!at t!e "et"ec!#et

o+ p"ivate "e'po(et' *a' u'tie(, 0ecau'e it 'u>e"e( 0u'ie'' lo''e', a'evi(ece( 0y it' Co#pa"ative State#et o+ Reveue a( EBpe'e' +o" c"opyea"' +o" t*o yea"'$ t!ei" "e0uttal, petitioe"' alle.e t!e +ollo*i.< 17t!e co#pa"ative acial 'tate#et o+ t!e co"po"atio (uly "eect' it'ico#e a( eBpe'e' i a .ive taBa0le yea" a(, (e'pite it' (i>e"eto#eclatu"e, i' 'u0'tatially t!e 'a#e a' a p"ot a( lo'' 'tate#et o"ay ot!e" acial 'tate#et; a( 27 t!e Natioal te"al Reveue Co(eNRC7 "eui"e' t!e ce"ticatio o+ a i(epe(et ce"tie( pu0licaccoutat oly i+ t!e taBpaye"' ."o'' "eceipt' eBcee( &25,@@@ i ayua"te" o+ ay taBa0le yea"$% :!e cotetio' o+ petitioe"' a"e utea0le$ A co#pa"ative 'tate#et o+"eveue a( eBpe'e' +o" t*o yea"', 0y it'el+, i' ot coclu'ive p"oo+ o+'e"iou' 0u'ie'' lo''e'$ :!e Cou"t !a' p"eviou'ly "ule( t!at acial'tate#et' au(ite( 0y i(epe(et eBte"al au(ito"' co'titute t!e o"#al#et!o( o+ p"oo+ o+ t!e p"ot a( lo'' pe"+o"#ace o+ a co#pay$ !ile&etitioe" Co"po"atio ave"' t!at it *a' ot "eui"e( to le au(ite( acial'tate#et' u(e" Sectio 2?2 o+ t!e :aB Co(e, it +aile( to e'ta0li'! it'eBe#ptio t!"ou.! ay evi(ece '!o*i. t!at it' ua"te"ly ."o'' "eveue'(i( ot eBcee( &25,@@@$ :!u', it' clai# t!at it (i( ot ee( to !ave it'acial 'tate#et' ce"tie( 0y a ce"tie( pu0lic accoutat i' *it!out

0a'i' i +act a( i la* a( (oe' ot eBcu'e it +"o# co#plyi. *it! t!eu'ual "eui"e#et$ e'i(e', t!e "eui"e#et o+ t!e :aB Co(e i' oe t!i.,a( t!e "eui"e#et o+ t!e a0o" Co(e i' uite aot!e"$ Mo"eove", t!eacial 'tate#et o+ &etitioe" Co"po"atio +o" t*o c"op yea"' i'i'uciet p"oo+ o+ 'e"iou' 0u'ie'' lo''e' t!at *oul( u'ti+y t!e"et"ec!#et o+ p"ivate "e'po(et'$

3AYA AR3S E3P%#YEES #R"AI&ATI#< 3AYA REA%TY AD%I$EST#C! SUPER$IS#RY UI#< 3AYA AR3S E3P%#YEESASS#CIATI#< an 3AYA AR3S< IC. SUPER$IS#RY UI#s. ATI#A% %AB#R RE%ATI#S C#33ISSI#< 3AYAREA%TY %I$EST#C!< IC.< 3AYA AR3S< IC.< an %IBERTY %#UR

3I%%S< IC.< responents.

A%ABA" C#UTRY C%UB $ %RC (A%ABA" C#UTRY C%UBIDEPEDET E3P%#YEES UI#)

466 SCRA ?29CAR&O%MORAES; Au.u't 9, 2@@5

ATURE' &etitio +o" "evie* o ce"tio"a"i$ Ala0a. Cout"y Clu0 c$ACC7 'ee-' to 'et a'i(e t!e appellate cou"tI' (eci'io *!ic! (eie( it'#otio +o" "eco'i(e"atio, a( o"(e"e( t!e "ei'tate#et o+ !e"ei 6?"e'po(et'%#e#0e"' o+ t!e la0o" o".ai)atio Ala0a. Cout"y Clu0(epe(et E#ployee' Hio, *it!out lo'' o+ 'eio"ity "i.!t' a( ot!e"p"ivile.e', a( pay#et o+ +ull 0ac-*a.e'$

ACTS


15/30

% ACCI' ite"al au(ito" co(ucte( a 'tu(y o t!e p"ota0ility o+ ACCI'Foo( a( eve"a.e Depa"t#et% =e" "epo"t '!o*e( t!at +"o# 1989%199?, t!e FX Dept !a( 0ee icu""i.'u0'tatial lo''e' o+ a"ou( &8,323,1?5% Reali)i. t!at it *a' o lo.e" p"ota0le +o" ACC to #aitai it' o* FXDept, t!e #aa.e#et (eci(e( to cea'e +"o# ope"ati. it, a( to ope itto a cot"acto", *!ic! *oul( 0e *illi. to ope"ate it' o* +oo( a(0eve"a.e 0u'ie'' *it!i t!e clu0$% ACC ete"e( ito a a."ee#et *it! a :a'ca Re'tau"at +o" it to ope"atet!e FX Dept$% ACC 'et it' FX Dept e#ployee' lette"' i+o"#i. t!e# t!ei" 'e"vice'*oul( 0e te"#iate( e>ective 1 #ot! late", t!at t!ey *oul( .et'epa"atio pay o+ 125V o+ t!ei" #ot!ly 'ala"y +o" eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice,t!at a :a'ca a."ee( to a0'o"0 all a>ecte( e#ployee' i##e(iately *it!t!e 'tatu' o+ "e.ula" e#ployee' *it!out ee( o+ u(e".oi. p"o0atioa"ype"io(, a( t!at t!ey *oul( "eceive t!e 'a#e 'ala"y t!ey *e"e "eceivi. att!e ti#e o+ t!ei" te"#iatio% :!e Hio le( a co#plait +o" ille.al (i'#i''al, u+ai" la0o" p"actice,"e.ula"i)atio a( (a#a.e' *it! p"aye" +o" t!e i''uace o+ a *"it o+p"eli#ia"y iuctio a.ai't ACC% :!e ACC cea'e( ope"ati. it' FX Dept a' 'c!e(ule(, a( a :a'ca0e.a ope"ati. it' o* FX 0u'ie''% Mea*!ile, i t!e p"ocee(i.' 0e+o"e t!e a0o" A"0ite", "e'po(et uio

i+o"#e( t!at t!e FX (ivi'io !a( 0ee "epo"ti. .aii. p"ot' a' '!o*0y t!e State#et o+ co#e a( Decit p"epa"e( 0y SQK$ :!ey t!u' a".ue(t!at co#pliace *it! 'ta(a"(' +o" lo''e' to u'ti+y t!ei" "et"ec!#et*e"e ot #et 0y ACC$% ACC ave""e( t!at it #ay eBe"ci'e #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative' to a(opt aco't%'avi. a( co't%co'ciou'e'' p"o."a# t i#p"ove eciecy i it'ope"atio', etc$% y (eci'io o+ Ap"il ?@, 1999, t!e a0o" A"0ite" (i'#i''e( t!e co#plait+o" ille.al (i'#i''al o t!e ."ou( t!at a 0u'ie'' etity !a' t!e "i.!t to"e(uce it' *o"- +o"ce i+ ece''itate( 0y co#pelli. ecoo#ic +acto"' *!ic!e(a.e" it' eBi'tece o" 'ta0ility$% O appeal, t!e NRC ac-o*le(.e( t!e "i.!t o+ ACC to "e.ulate,acco"(i. to it' o* (i'c"etio a( u(.#et, all a'pect' o+ e#ploy#et

iclu(i. t!e lay%o> o+ *o"-e"' 0ecau'e o+ lo''e' i t!e ope"atio o+ it'0u'ie'', lac- o+ *o"- a( co'i(e"a0le "e(uctio i t!e volu#e o+0u'ie''$ t t!u' (i'#i''e( t!e appeal$% &"ivate "e'po(et' t!e"eupo 0"ou.!t t!ei" ca'e, via petitio +o"certiorari0e+o"e t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal', alle.i. t!at t!e a0o" A"0ite" a(t!e NRC co##itte( ."ave a0u'e o+ (i'c"etio a( utte" i.o"ace o+ t!ela* i co#pletely (i'"e.a"(i. t!e au(ite( acial 'tate#et' p"epa"e(0y SQKXCo$ '!o*i. t!at ACCI' F X Depa"t#et !a( 0ee co'i'tetlyea"i. p"ot'$% y (eci'io o+ Au.u't 14, 2@@2, t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal' "eve"'e( t!o'e o+t!e NRC a( t!e a0o" A"0ite"$ t !el( t!at (ue to ACCI' +ailu"e to p"ove0y 'uciet a( co#petet evi(ece t!at it' alle.e( lo''e' *e"e'u0'tatial, cotiui. a( *it!out ay i##e(iate p"o'pect o+ a0ati.

t!e#, t!e 0oa (e atu"e o+ t!e "et"ec!#et appea"e( (ou0t+ul

% ACCI' #otio +o" "eco'i(e"atio *a' (eie( 0y t!e appellate cou"t 0yRe'olutio o+ Ma"c! 6, 2@@?% Du"i. t!e pe(ecy o+ t!e *!ole ca'e, petitioe" t!e 'epa"atio pac-a.eo+ 'iBty%t*o 627 o+ t!e 'iBty%t!"ee 6?7 i(ivi(ual "e'po(et' o accouto+ *!ic! t!ey eBecute( Relea'e', aive"' a( /uitclai#' i it' +avo"$ISSUE' ON "e'po(et' *e"e te"#iate( +o" a aut!o"i)e( cau'eE%D'ESReasoning% :!e cou"t "'t (i'ti.ui'!e( 0et*ee "et"ec!#et a( clo'u"e o+ a0u'ie'' u(e"ta-i., 0ecau'e t!e "e'po(et' *e"e "elyi. o a ca'eope) Su.a" Co"p$ v Fe(e"atio o+ F"ee o"-e"'7 ivolvi. "et"ec!#eto t!e ."ou( o+ 'e"iou' 0u'ie'' lo''e' 0ei. allo*e( 'u0ect to ce"taico(itio'$% :!e cou"t, !o*eve", vie*e( t!i' ca'e a' oe ivolvi. clo'u"e o+ 0u'ie''u(e"ta-i.$4 JJRetren1+menti' t!e "e(uctio o+ pe"'oel +o" t!e pu"po'e o+ cutti.(o* o co't' o+ ope"atio' i te"#' o+ 'ala"ie' a( *a.e' "e'o"te( to 0ya e#ploye" 0ecau'e o+ lo''e' i ope"atio o+ a 0u'ie'' occa'ioe( 0ylac- o+ *o"- a( co'i(e"a0le "e(uctio i t!e volu#e o+ 0u'ie''$4 JJClos,re of a 0,siness or ,nerta/ing(ue to 0u'ie'' lo''e' i' t!e"eve"'al o+ +o"tue o+ t!e e#ploye" *!e"e0y t!e"e i' a co#plete ce''atioo+ 0u'ie'' ope"atio' to p"evet +u"t!e" acial ("ai upo a e#ploye"*!o caot pay ay#o"e !i' e#ployee' 'ice 0u'ie'' !a' al"ea(y

'toppe($% !ile t!e a0o" Co(e p"ovi(e' +o" t!e pay#et o+ 'epa"atio pac-a.e ica'e o+ "et"ec!#et to p"evet lo''e', it (oe' ot o0li.ate t!e e#ploye"+o" t!e pay#et t!e"eo+ i+ t!e"e i' clo'u"e o+ 0u'ie'' (ue to 'e"iou'lo''e'$% t!e p"e'et ca'e, *!e petitioe" (eci(e( to cea'e ope"ati. it' F X Depa"t#et a( ope t!e 'a#e to a coce''ioai"e, it (i( ot "e(uce t!eu#0e" o+ pe"'oel a''i.e( t!e"eat$ t te"#iate( t!e e#ploy#et o+all pe"'oel a''i.e( at t!e (epa"t#et$% A' i t!e ca'e o+ "et"ec!#et, !o*eve", +o" t!e clo'u"e o+ a 0u'ie'' o"a (epa"t#et (ue to 'e"iou' 0u'ie'' lo''e' to 0e "e.a"(e( a' aaut!o"i)e( cau'e +o" te"#iati. e#ployee', it #u't 0e p"ove t!at t!elo''e' icu""e( a"e 'u0'tatial a( actual o" "ea'oa0ly i##iet; t!at t!e

'a#e ic"ea'e( t!"ou.! a pe"io( o+ ti#e; a( t!at t!e co(itio o+ t!eco#pay i' ot li-ely to i#p"ove i t!e ea" +utu"e$

% A' (i( t!e appellate cou"t, t!i' Cou"t (' t!at t!e 'tu(y "epo"t'u0#itte( 0y t!e ite"al au(ito" o+ petitioe", t!e oly evi(ece'u0#itte( to p"ove it' alle.e( lo''e', i' 'el+%'e"vi. a( +all' '!o"t o+ t!e't"i.et "eui"e#et o+ t!e la* t!at t!e e#ploye" p"ove 'ucietly a(covici.ly it' alle.atio o+ 'u0'tatial lo''e'$% &etitioe"I' +ailu"e to p"ove t!at t!e clo'u"e o+ it' F X Depa"t#et *a'(ue to 'u0'tatial lo''e' ot*it!'ta(i., t!i' Cou"t (' t!at i(ivi(ual"e'po(et' *e"e (i'#i''e( o t!e ."ou( o+ 1los,re or 1essation of an,nerta/ing ot (ue to 'e"iou' 0u'ie'' lo''e' o" acial "eve"'e',*!ic! i' allo*e( u(e" A"ticle 28? o+ t!e a0o" Co(ee'e 0y t!e e#ployee a.ai't t!e pe"'o o+ !i' e#ploye"o" ay i##e(iate #e#0e" o+ !i' +a#ily o" !i' (uly aut!o"i)e("ep"e'etative; a( e7 ot!e" cau'e' aalo.ou' to t!e +o"e.oi.$% t!i' ca'e, A.a0o a0a(oe( t!ei" o0$ A0a(o#et i' t!e (eli0e"atea( uu'tie( "e+u'al o+ a e#ployee to "e'u#e !i' e#ploy#et$ t i' a+o"# o+ e.lect o+ (uty, !ece, a u't cau'e +o" te"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et0y t!e e#ploye"$ Fo" a vali( (i. o+ a0a(o#et, t!e'e t*o +acto"''!oul( 0e p"e'et< 17 t!e +ailu"e to "epo"t +o" *o"- o" a0'ece *it!outvali( o" u'tia0le "ea'o; a( 27 a clea" itetio to 'eve" e#ploye"%e#ployee "elatio'!ip, *it! t!e 'eco( a' t!e #o"e (ete"#iative +acto"*!ic! i' #ai+e'te( 0y ove"t act' +"o# *!ic! it #ay 0e (e(uce( t!at t!ee#ployee' !a' o #o"e itetio to *o"-$ :!e itet to (i'cotiue t!ee#ploy#et #u't 0e '!o* 0y clea" p"oo+ t!at it *a' (eli0e"ate a(uu'tie($2$ ES% !e"e t!e (i'#i''al i' +o" a u't cau'e, a' i t!e i'tat ca'e, t!e lac- o+

'tatuto"y (ue p"oce'' '!oul( ot ulli+y t!e (i'#i''al, o" "e(e" it ille.al, o"ie>ectual$ =o*eve", t!e e#ploye" '!oul( i(e#i+y t!e e#ployee +o" t!eviolatio o+ !i' 'tatuto"y "i.!t'$* It is orth noting that this r!ling has evolve" thro!gh ti#es.5 Prior to "676 % t!e "ule *a' t!at a (i'#i''al o" te"#iatio i' ille.al i+t!e e#ployee *a' ot .ive ay otice.5 n the "676 case o% 8en(hil Cor(. ). National Labor RelationsCommission & *!e"e t!e e#ploye" !a( a vali( "ea'o to (i'#i'' ae#ployee 0ut (i( ot +ollo* t!e (ue p"oce'' "eui"e#et, t!e (i'#i''al#ay 0e up!el( 0ut t!e e#ploye" *ill 0e peali)e( to pay a i(e#ity tot!e e#ployee$ :!i' 0eca#e -o* a' t!e ep!il o" elate( Due &"oce''Rule$5 9n Jan'ary :;, :, in Serrano & violatio 0y t!e e#ploye" o+ t!e

otice "eui"e#et i te"#iatio +o" u't o" aut!o"i)e( cau'e' *a' ot a(eial o+ (ue p"oce'' t!at *ill ulli+y t!e te"#iatio$ =o*eve", t!e(i'#i''al i' ie>ectual a( t!e e#ploye" #u't pay +ull 0ac-*a.e' +"o# t!eti#e o+ te"#iatio util it i' u(icially (ecla"e( t!at t!e (i'#i''al *a' +o" au't o" aut!o"i)e( cau'e$Reasoninga$ Co'titutioal (ue p"oce'' i' (i>e"et +"o# 'tatuto"y (ue p"oce''$ :!e+o"#e" p"otect' t!e i(ivi(ual +"o# t!e .ove"#et a( a''u"e' !i# o+ !i'"i.!t' i c"i#ial, civil o" a(#ii't"ative p"ocee(i.'; *!ile 'tatuto"y (uep"oce'' +ou( i t!e a0o" Co(e a( #ple#eti. Rule' p"otect'e#ployee' +"o# 0ei. uu'tly te"#iate( *it!out u't cau'e a+te" oticea( !ea"i.$0$ :!e co'titutioal policy to p"ovi(e +ull p"otectio to la0o" i' ot #eat

to 0e a '*o"( to opp"e'' e#ploye"'$ :!e co##it#et o+ t!i' Cou"t to t!e


18/30

cau'e o+ la0o" (oe' ot p"evet u' +"o# 'u'taii. t!e e#ploye" *!e it i'i t!e "i.!t, a' i t!i' ca'e$Disposition DENED$ ut t!e p"ivate "e'po(et i' ORDERED to pay eac!o+ t!e petitioe"' t!e a#out o+ &?@,@@@$@@ a' o#ial (a#a.e' +o" o%co#pliace *it! 'tatuto"y (ue p"oce''$

2A!A ##D PR#CESSI" C#RP#RATI#< >s. DARKI PAC#Tecte( *it!out JAGA co#plyi. *it! t!e "eui"e#et

u(e" A"ticle 28? o+ t!e a0o" Co(e "e.a"(i. t!e 'e"vice o+ a *"itteotice upo t!e e#ployee' a( t!e Depa"t#et o+ a0o" a( E#ploy#et

at lea't oe 17 #ot! 0e+o"e t!e ite(e( (ate o+ te"#iatio$Re'po(et' le( co#plait' +o" ille.al (i'#i''al, u(e"pay#et o+ *a.e'

a( opay#et o+ 'e"vice icetive leave a( 1?t! #ot! pay a.ai'tJAGA$ :!e a0o" A"0ite" "e(e"e( a (eci'io (ecla"i. t!e te"#iatio

ille.al a( o"(e"i. JAGA to "ei'tate "e'po(et' *it! +ull 0ac-*a.e', a('epa"atio pay i+ "ei'tate#et i' ot po''i0le$ :!e Cou"t o+ Appeal'

"eve"'e( 'ai( (eci'io a( o"(e"e( "e'po(et JAGA to pay petitioe"''epa"atio pay euivalet to oe 17 #ot! 'ala"y, t!e p"opo"tioate 1?t!

#ot! pay a(, i a((itio, +ull 0ac-*a.e' +"o# t!e ti#e t!ei"e#ploy#et *a' te"#iate($

''ue< !at a"e t!e le.al i#plicatio' o+ a 'ituatio *!e"e a e#ployee i'(i'#i''e( +o" cau'e 0ut 'uc! (i'#i''al *a' e>ecte( *it!out t!e

e#ploye"I' co#pliace *it! t!e otice "eui"e#et u(e" t!e a0o" Co(e[

=el(< t *a' e'ta0li'!e( t!at t!e"e *a' ."ou( +o" "e'po(et'I (i'#i''al,i$e$, "et"ec!#et, *!ic! i' oe o+ t!e aut!o"i)e( cau'e' eu#e"ate(

u(e" A"ticle 28? o+ t!e a0o" Co(e$ i-e*i'e, it i' e'ta0li'!e( t!at JAGA+aile( to co#ply *it! t!e otice "eui"e#et u(e" t!e 'a#e A"ticle$

Co'i(e"i. t!e +actual ci"cu#'tace' i t!e i'tat ca'e, t!e Cou"t (ee#it p"ope" to B t!e i(e#ity at &5@, @@@$@@$ :!e Cou"t o+ Appeal' !ave0ee i e""o" *!e it o"(e"e( JAGA to pay "e'po(et' 'epa"atio pay

euivalet to oe 17 #ot! 'ala"y +o" eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice$ all ca'e' o+0u'ie'' clo'u"e o" ce''atio o+ ope"atio o" u(e"ta-i. o+ t!e e#ploye",t!e a>ecte( e#ployee i' etitle( to 'epa"atio pay$ :!i' i' co'i'tet *it!

t!e 'tate policy o+ t"eati. la0o" a' a p"i#a"y 'ocial ecoo#ic +o"ce,a>o"(i. +ull p"otectio to it' "i.!t' a' *ell a' it' *el+a"e$ :!e eBceptio i'*!e t!e clo'u"e o+ 0u'ie'' o" ce''atio o+ ope"atio' i' (ue to 'e"iou'

0u'ie'' lo''e' o" acial "eve"'e'; (uly p"ove(, i *!ic! ca'e, t!e "i.!to+ a>ecte( e#ployee' to 'epa"atio pay i' lo't +o" o0viou' "ea'o'$P

IDUSTRIA% TI3BER C#RP $ ABAB#48@ SCRA

NARES%SAN:AQO; Jaua"y 5, 2@@6

ACTS% (u't"ial &ly*oo( Q"oup Co"po"atio &QC7 i' t!e o*e" o+ a ply*oo(plat locate( at A.u'a, &eue\o, utua City, lea'e( to (u't"ial :i#0e"Co"po"atio :C7 Au.u't ?@, 1985 +o" a pe"io( o+ ve yea"'$ :!e"ea+te",:C co##ece( ope"atio o+ t!e ply*oo( plat a( !i"e( ?83 *o"-e"'$% Ma"c! 16, 199@, :C otie( t!e DOE a( it' *o"-e"' t!at e>ectiveMa"c! 19, 199@ it *ill u(e".o a o plat ope"atio (ue to lac- o+ "a*#ate"ial' a( *ill "e'u#e oly a+te" it ca 'ecu"e lo.' +o" #illi.$% Mea*!ile, &QC otie( :C o+ t!e eBpi"atio o+ t!e lea'e cot"act iAu.u't 199@ a( it' itetio ot to "ee* t!e 'a#e$% Jue 26, 199@, :C otie( t!e DOE a( it' *o"-e"' o+ '!ut(o* (ue tot!e o%"ee*al o+ ati%pollutio pe"#it t!at eBpi"e( i Ap"il 199@$ :!i' a(t!e alle.e( lac- o+ lo.' +o" #illi. co't"aie( :C to lay o> all it' *o"-e"'util +u"t!e" otice$ :!i' *a' +ollo*e( 0y a al otice o+ clo'u"e o"ce''atio o+ 0u'ie'' ope"atio' o Au.u't 13, 199@ *it! a a(vice +o" allt!e *o"-e"' to collect t!e 0eet' (ue t!e# u(e" t!e la* a( CA$% Octo0e" 15, 199@, &QC too- ove" t!e ply*oo( plat a+te" it *a' i''ue( aoo( &"oce''i. &lat &e"#it , *!ic! iclu(e( t!e ati%pollutio pe"#it, 0yt!e DENR coici(etally o t!e 'a#e (ay t!e :C cea'e( ope"atio o+ t!e

plat$% Ki".ilio A0a0o, et al$ to le a co#plait a.ai't :C a( &QC +o" ille.al(i'#i''al, u+ai" la0o" p"actice a( (a#a.e'$ :!ey alle.e(, a#o. ot!e"',t!at t!e ce''atio o+ :C' ope"atio *a' ite(e( to 0u't t!e uio a(t!at 0ot! co"po"atio' a"e oe a( t!e 'a#e etity 0ei. cot"olle( 0y oeo*e"$

% Jaua"y 2@, 1992, a+te" "eui"i. 0ot! pa"tie' to 'u0#it t!ei" "e'pectivepo'itio pape"', A !el( t!at t!e"e *a' lac- o+ evi(ece to p"ove t!at it*a' u'e( to pe"petuate +"au( o" ille.al act; up!el( t!e vali(ity o+ t!eclo'u"e; a( o"(e"e( :C to pay 'epa"atio pay o+ 1L2 #ot! +o" eve"y yea"o+ 'e"vice$% A0a0o, et al$ appeale( to t!e NRC$ NRC 'et a'i(e t!e (eci'io o+ t!e

A a( o"(e"e( t!e "ei'tate#et o+ t!e e#ployee' to t!ei" +o"#e"po'itio', a( t!e pay#et o+ +ull 0ac- *a.e', (a#a.e' a( atto"ey'+ee'$% :C a( &QC le( MFR$ =o*eve", it *a' (i'#i''e( +o" 0ei. le( out o+ti#e !avi. 0ee le( oly o t!e (ate o+ actual "eceipt 0y t!e NRC oJue 29, 199?, t!"ee (ay' a+te" t!e la't (ay o+ t!e "e.le#eta"y pe"io($:!u', t!ey le( a &etitio +o" Relie+ +"o# Re'olutio, *!ic! *a' t"eate( a' a2(MFR 0y t!e NRC a( (i'#i''e( +o" lac- o+ #e"it$&etitioe"' le( a Notice o+ Appeal *it! t!e SC$ Su0'euetly, t!ey le(MFRL 2(petitio +o" "elie+ *it! t!e NRC$% SC (i'#i''e( t!e Notice o+ Appeal +o" 0ei. a *"o. #o(e o+ appeal +"o#t!e NRC (eci'io$ O t!e ot!e" !a(, t!e NRC ."ate( t!e Seco(&etitio +o" Relie+ a( 'et a'i(e all it' p"io" (eci'io a( "e'olutio'$


19/30

% Octo0e" 2, 1995, Ki".ilio A0a0o, et al$ le( a &etitio +o" Ce"tio"a"i *it!t!e SC$ &u"'uat to St$ Ma"ti' Fue"al =o#e v$ NRC, it *a' "e+e""e( tot!e CA +o" app"op"iate actio a( (i'po'itio$% Octo0e" 21, 2@@2, t!e CA 'et a'i(e t!e (eci'io o t!e 2 (petitio +o""elie+ o+ t!e NRC a( "ei'tate( it' iitial (eci'io a( "e'olutio$% ot! le( t!ei" "e'pective MFR' *!ic! *e"e (eie(, !ece, t!e p"e'etco'oli(ate( petitio' +o" "evie*

ISSUES1$ ON NRC '!oul( !ave ta-e co.i)ace o+ t!e #o't "ecet MFR2$ ON A0a0o, et al$ *e"e ille.ally (i'#i''e( (ue to t!e clo'u"e o+ :C'0u'ie''; a( *!et!e" t!ey a"e etitle( to 'epa"atio pay, 0ac-*a.e', a(ot!e" #oeta"y a*a"('

E%D1$ ES% Su0'tatial u'tice i' 0e't 'e"ve( 0y allo*i. t!e petitio +o" "elie+ (e'pitep"oce(u"al (e+ect o+ li. MFR% H(e" A"t 218 c7 C, NRC #ay, i t!e eBe"ci'e o+ it' appellate po*e"',co""ect, a#e(, o" *aive ay e""o", (e+ect o" i""e.ula"ity *!et!e" i'u0'tace o" i +o"#$ Fu"t!e", A"t 221 C p"ovi(e' t!at i ay p"ocee(i.0e+o"e t!e Co##i''io o" ay o+ t!e A, t!e "ule' o+ evi(ece p"evaili. icou"t' o+ la* o" euity '!all ot 0e cot"olli. a( it i' t!e 'pi"it a(

itetio o+ t!i' Co(e t!at t!e Co##i''io a( it' #e#0e"' a( t!e a0o"A"0ite"' '!all u'e eve"y a( all "ea'oa0le #ea' to a'ce"tai t!e +act' ieac! ca'e 'pee(ily a( o0ectively a( *it!out "e.a"( to tec!icalitie' o+la* o" p"oce(u"e, all i t!e ite"e't o+ (ue p"oce''$% Sec14 Rule' o+ &"oce(u"e o+ t!e NRC t!at MFR '!all ot 0e ete"taie(eBcept *!e 0a'e( o palpa0le o" patet e""o"', p"ovi(e( t!at t!e #otioi' u(e" oat! a( le( *it!i 1@ cale(a" (ay' +"o# "eceipt o+ t!e o"(e","e'olutio o" (eci'io '!oul( ot 0e ite"p"ete( a' to 'ac"ice 'u0'tatialu'tice to tec!icality$ :!e li#itatio o+ t!e pe"io( i' to +o"e'tall o" avoi( au"ea'oa0le (elay i t!e a(#ii't"atio o+ u'tice, +"o# *!ic! t!e NRCa0'olve( :C a( &QC 0ecau'e t!e li. o+ t!ei" MFR *a' (ue toeBcu'a0le e.li.ece$2$ NO

% :!e "eco"(' "eveal t!at "e'po(et :C actually u(e"*et o platope"atio 'ice 19 Ma"c! 199@ (ue to lac- o+ lo. 'upply$ :!i' ' a(#itte(0y co#plaiat'$ Sice t!e 'eve"al 'u0'euet ici(et' p"evete("e'po(et :C to "e'u#e it' 0u'ie'' ope"atio'$ it!out t!e "a*#ate"ial' "e'po(et :C !a' ot!i. to p"o(uce$ it!out t!e pe"#it' itcaot la*+ully ope"ate t!e plat$ A( *it!out t!e cot"act o+ lea'e"e'po(et :C !a' o optio 0ut to cea'e ope"atio a( tu" ove" t!eplat to t!e le''o"$% :!e "i.!t to clo'e t!e ope"atio o+ a e'ta0li'!#et o" u(e"ta-i. i' oeo+ t!e aut!o"i)e( cau'e' i te"#iati. e#ploy#et o+ *o"-e"', t!e olyli#itatio 0ei. t!at t!e clo'u"e #u't ot 0e +o" t!e pu"po'e o+ci"cu#veti. t!e p"ovi'io' o te"#iatio o+ e#ploy#et i t!e C$% Acco"(i. to A"t 28? C, a pa"tial o" total clo'u"e o" ce''atio o+

ope"atio' o+ e'ta0li'!#et o" u(e"ta-i. #ay eit!e" 0e (ue to 'e"iou'0u'ie'' lo''e' o" acial "eve"'e' o" ot!e"*i'e$ H(e" t!e "'t -i(, t!e

e#ploye" #u't 'ucietly a( covici.ly p"ove it' alle.atio o+'u0'tatial lo''e', *!ile u(e" t!e 'eco( -i(, t!e e#ploye" ca la*+ullyclo'e '!op ayti#e a' lo. a' ce''atio o+ o" *it!("a*al +"o# 0u'ie''ope"atio' *a' 0oa (e i c!a"acte" a( ot i#pelle( 0y a #otive to(e+eat o" ci"cu#vet t!e teu"ial "i.!t' o+ e#ployee', a( a' lo. a' !epay' !i' e#ployee' t!ei" te"#iatio pay i t!e a#out co""e'po(i. tot!ei" le.t! o+ 'e"vice$ Ju't a' o la* +o"ce' ayoe to .o ito 0u'ie'', ola* ca co#pel ay0o(y to cotiue t!e 'a#e$ t *oul( 0e 't"etc!i. t!eitet a( 'pi"it o+ t!e la* i+ a cou"t ite"+e"e' *it! #aa.e#et'p"e"o.ative to clo'e o" cea'e it' 0u'ie'' ope"atio' u't 0ecau'e t!e0u'ie'' i' ot 'u>e"i. +"o# ay lo'' o" 0ecau'e o+ t!e (e'i"e to p"ovi(et!e *o"-e"' cotiue( e#ploy#et$% 'u#, 'nder Art :7/ LC, three re0'irements are necessary %or a )alidcessation o% b'siness o(erations< +a- ser)ice o% a written notice to theem(loyees and to the !9LE at least one month be%ore the intended datethereo%= +b- the cessation o% b'siness m'st be bona *de in character= and+c- (ayment to the em(loyees o% termination (ay amo'nting to one month(ay or at least one&hal% month (ay %or e)ery year o% ser)ice, whiche)er ishigher.% t!e'e co'oli(ate( ca'e', *e ( t!at :C' clo'u"e o" ce''atio o+0u'ie'' *a' (oe i .oo( +ait! a( +o" vali( "ea'o'$

% =avi. e'ta0li'!e( t!at :C' clo'u"e o+ t!e ply*oo( plat *a' (oe i

.oo( +ait! a( t!at it *a' (ue to cau'e' 0eyo( it' cot"ol, t!e coclu'ioi' ievita0le t!at 'ai( clo'u"e i' vali($ Co'euetly, A0a0o, et al$ coul(ot !ave 0ee ille.ally (i'#i''e( to 0e etitle( to +ull 0ac-*a.e'$=o*eve", t!ey a"e etitle( to 'epa"atio pay euivalet to oe #ot! payo" at lea't oe%!al+ #ot! pay +o" eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice, *!ic!eve" i'!i.!e"$% Alt!ou.! t!e clo'u"e *a' (oe i .oo( +ait! a( +o" vali( "ea'o', *e (t!at :C (i( ot co#ply *it! t!e otice "eui"e#et$ !ile a e#ploye" i'u(e" o o0li.atio to co(uct !ea"i.' 0e+o"e e>ecti. te"#iatio o+e#ploy#et (ue to aut!o"i)e( cau'e, !o*eve", t!e la* "eui"e' t!at it#u't oti+y t!e DOE a( it' e#ployee' at lea't oe #ot! 0e+o"e t!eite(e( (ate o+ clo'u"e$Disposition t!e Deci'io o+ CA, *!ic! 'et a'i(e t!e (eci'io a(

"e'olutio o+ NRC, a"e !e"e0y REKERSED$ :!e May 24, 1995 Deci'io o+t!e NRC "ei'tati. t!e (eci'io o+ t!e a+ (i. t!at t!e clo'u"e o"ce''atio o+ :C' 0u'ie'' vali(, i' AFFRMED *it! t!e MODFCA:ONS t!at:C i' o"(e"e( to pay 'epa"atio pay euivalet to oe #ot! pay o" to atlea't oe%!al+ #ot! pay +o" eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice, *!ic!eve" i' !i.!e",a( &5@,@@@$@@ a' o#ial (a#a.e' to eac! e#ployee$

Sy et. al. >s Co,rt of Appeals"..R. o. 6788@

e0r,ary 8:< 899

E#ploye"%E#ployee Relatio'!ip


20/30

Fact'< :!i' petitio +o" "evie* 'ee-' t!e "eve"'al o+ t!e (eci'io o+ t!eCou"t o+ Appeal' (ate( Fe0"ua"y 29, 2@@@$

So#eti#e i 1958, p"ivate "e'po(et Jai#e Sa!ot 'ta"te( *o"-i. a' at"uc- !elpe" +o" petitioe"'I +a#ily%o*e( t"uc-i. 0u'ie'' a#e( KiceteSy :"uc-i.$ 1965, !e 0eca#e a t"uc- ("ive" o+ t!e 'a#e +a#ily0u'ie'', "ea#e( :$ &aulio :"uc-i. Se"vice, late" 6I' :"uc-i.Co"po"atio i 1985, a( t!e"ea+te" -o* a' S: :"uc-i. Co"po"atio'ice 1994$ :!"ou.!out all t!e'e c!a.e' i a#e' a( +o" ?6 yea"',p"ivate "e'po(et cotiuou'ly 'e"ve( t!e t"uc-i. 0u'ie'' o+petitioe"'$

Ap"il 1994, Sa!ot *a' al"ea(y 59 yea"' ol($ =e !a( 0ee icu""i.a0'ece' a' !e *a' 'u>e"i. +"o# va"iou' ail#et'$ &a"ticula"ly cau'i.!i# pai *a' !i' le+t t!i.!, *!ic! ."eatly a>ecte( t!e pe"+o"#ace o+ !i'ta'- a' a ("ive"$ =e iui"e( a0out !i' #e(ical a( "eti"e#et 0eet' *it!t!e Social Secu"ity Sy'te# SSS7 o Ap"il 25, 1994, 0ut (i'cove"e( t!at !i'p"e#iu# pay#et' !a( ot 0ee "e#itte( 0y !i' e#ploye"$

Sa!ot !a( le( a *ee-%lo. leave 'o#eti#e i May 1994$ ut +ou(!i#'el+ i a (ile##a$ =e *a' +aci. (i'#i''al i+ !e "e+u'e( to *o"-, ut !ecoul( ot "eti"e o pe'io 0ecau'e petitioe"' eve" pai( !i' co""ect SSSp"e#iu#'$ :!e NRC NCR "ule( t!at t!e"e *a' o ille.al (i'#i''al i

Sa!otI' ca'e$ &"ivate "e'po(et !a( +aile( to "epo"t to *o"-$ O appeal,t!e Natioal a0o" Relatio' Co##i''io #o(ie( t!e u(.#et o+ t!ea0o" A"0ite"$ &etitioe"' a''aile( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e NRC 0e+o"e t!e Cou"to+ Appeal'$

''ue'a7 !et!e" o" ot a e#ploye"%e#ployee "elatio'!ip eBi'te( 0et*eepetitioe"' a( "e'po(et Sa!ot[07 !et!e" o" ot t!e"e *a' vali( (i'#i''al[c7 !et!e" o" ot "e'po(et Sa!ot i' etitle( to 'epa"atio pay[

=el(< ut (eali. t!e a0o" A"0ite" a "eve"'al o t!i' 'co"e t!e NRC,cocu""e( i 0y t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal', !el( t!at< !ile it *a' ve"y o0viou'

t!at co#plaiat (i( ot !ave ay itetio to "epo"t 0ac- to *o"- (ue to!i' ille'' *!ic! icapacitate( !i# to pe"+o"# !i' o0, 'uc! itetiocaot 0e co't"ue( to 0e a0a(o#et$ 'tea(, t!e 'a#e '!oul( !ave0ee co'i(e"e( a' oe o+ t!o'e +alli. u(e" t!e u't cau'e' o+te"#iati. a e#ploy#et$ :!e i'i'tece o+ "e'po(et i #a-i.co#plaiat *o"- (i( ot c!a.e t!e 'cea"io$

t i' *o"t!y to ote t!at "e'po(et i' e.a.e( i t!e t"uc-i. 0u'ie''*!e"e p!y'ical 't"e.t! i' o+ ut#o't "eui"e#et 'ic7$ Co#plaiat'ta"te( *o"-i. *it! "e'po(et a' t"uc- !elpe" at a.e t*ety%t!"ee 2?7,t!e a' t"uc- ("ive" 'ice 1965$ Co#plaiat *a' al"ea(y +ty%ie 597*!e t!e co#plait *a' le( a( 'u>e"i. +"o# va"iou' ille'' t"i..e"e(0y !i' *o"- a( a.e$

O t!e la't i''ue, a' !el( 0y t!e Cou"t o+ Appeal', "e'po(et Jai#e Sa!oti' etitle( to 'epa"atio pay$ :!e la* i' clea" o t!e #atte"$ A e#ployee*!o i' te"#iate( 0ecau'e o+ (i'ea'e i' etitle( to 'epa"atio payeuivalet to at lea't oe #ot! 'ala"y o" to oe%!al+ #ot! 'ala"y +o"eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice, *!ic!eve" i' ."eate" BBB$ Follo*i. t!e +o"#ula 'eti A"t$ 284 o+ t!e a0o" Co(e, !i' 'epa"atio pay *a' co#pute( 0y t!eappellate cou"t at &2,@8@ ti#e' ?6 yea"' 1958 to 19947 o" &34,88@$ ea."ee *it! t!e co#putatio, a+te" oti. t!at !i' la't #ot!ly 'ala"y *a'&4,16@$@@ 'o t!at oe%!al+ t!e"eo+ i' &2,@8@$@@$ Fi(i. o "eve"'i0le e""o"o" ."ave a0u'e o+ (i'c"etio o t!e pa"t o+ appellate cou"t, *e a"eco't"aie( to 'u'tai it' (eci'io$ :o avoi( +u"t!e" (elay i t!e pay#et(ue t!e 'epa"ate( *o"-e", *!o'e clai# *a' le( *ay 0ac- i 1994, t!i'(eci'io i' i##e(iately eBecuto"y$ Ot!e"*i'e, 'iB pe"cet 6V7 ite"e't pe"au# '!oul( 0e c!a".e( t!e"eo, +o" ay (elay, pu"'uat to p"ovi'io' o+t!e Civil Co(e$

=EREFORE, t!e petitio i' DENED a( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e Cou"t o+Appeal' (ate( Fe0"ua"y 29, 2@@@ i' AFFRMED$ &etitioe"' #u't payp"ivate "e'po(et Jai#e Sa!ot !i' 'epa"atio pay +o" ?6 yea"' o+ 'e"viceat t!e "ate o+ oe%!al+ #ot!ly pay +o" eve"y yea" o+ 'e"vice, a#outi. to&34,88@$@@, *it! ite"e't o+ 'iB pe" cetu# 6V7 pe" au# +"o# ality o+t!i' (eci'io util +ully pai($

R#LUER# $ PI%IPPIE AIR%IES IC4@1 SCRA 424

&HNO; Ap"il 22, 2@@?

ATURE' CER:ORAR

ACTS% Roue"o, alo. *it! Ree &a0ayo, *e"e ."ou( euip#et #ec!aic' o+&A$% F"o# t!e evi(ece o "eco"(, it appea"' t!at Roue"o a( &a0ayo *e"ecau.!t "e(%!a(e( po''e''i. a( u'i. '!a0u i a "ai( co(ucte( 0y &A'ecu"ity oce"' a( NARCOM pe"'oel$

% :!e t*o alle.e( t!at t!ey (i( ot voluta"ily i(ul.e i t!e 'ai( act 0ut*e"e i'ti.ate( 0y a ce"tai Joie Alipato *!o *a' it"o(uce( to t!e# 0yJo'ep! Ocul, Maa.e" o+ t!e Ai"po"t Maiteace Divi'io o+ &A$% Alipato *a' u'ucce''+ul, util oe (ay, !e *a' a0le to pe"'ua(e &a0ayoto oi !i# i ta-i. t!e ("u.' a( *!o i tu" pe"'ua(e( Roue"o$% 'i(e t!e co#pay p"e#i'e', t!ey loc-e( t!e (oo" a( Alipato lo't oti#e i p"epa"i. t!e ("u.' to 0e u'e($ !e t!ey 'ta"te( t!e p"oce(u"e o+ta-i. t!e ("u.', a"#e( #e ete"e( t!e "oo#, a""e'te( Roue"o a(&a0ayo a( 'ei)e( t!e ("u.' a( t!e pa"ap!e"alia u'e($% Roue"o a( &a0ayo *e"e 'u0ecte( to a p!y'ical eBa#iatio *!e"e t!e"e'ult' '!o*e( t!at t!ey *e"e po'itive o+ ("u.'$% :!ey *e"e al'o 0"ou.!t to t!e 'ecu"ity oce o+ &A *!e"e t!ey eBecute(*"itte co+e''io' *it!out t!e 0eet o+ cou'el$


21/30

% Roue"o a( &a0ayo "eceive( a otice o+ a(#ii't"ative c!a".eP +o"violati. t!e &A Co(e o+ Di'ciplie$ :!ey *e"e "eui"e( to a'*e" t!ec!a".e' a( *e"e place( u(e" p"evetive 'u'pe'io$% Roue"o a( &a0ayo a''e"te( t!at t!ey *e"e i'ti.ate( 0y &A to ta-e t!e("u.' a( t!at Alipato *a' ot "eally a t"aiee o+ &A 0ut *a' place( i t!ep"e#i'e' to i'ti.ate t!e co##i''io o+ t!e c"i#e 0ecau'e Alipato *a' ota""e'te( a( t!at Alipato !a' o "eco"( o+ e#ploy#et *it! &A$% Roue"o a( &a0ayo *e"e (i'#i''e( 0y &A$ :!u', t!ey le( a ca'e +o"ille.al (i'#i''al$% L$'t!e (i'#i''al o+ Roue"o a( &a0ayo *a' up!el($ :!e a0o" A"0ite"+ou( 0ot! pa"tie' at +ault &A +o" applyi. #ea' to etice t!eco#plaiat' ito co##itti. t!e i+"actio a( t!e co#plaiat' +o".ivi. i to t!e te#ptatio a( evetually i(ul.i. i t!e p"o!i0ite(activity$ Noet!ele'', t!e a0o" A"0ite" a*a"(e( 'epa"atio pay a(atto"eyI' +ee' to t!e co#plaiat'$% R%C: acuitte( t!e 2 o+ t!e c"i#ial ca'e o+ co'pi"acy +o" po''e''ioa( u'e o+ a "e.ulate( ("u. i violatio o+ Sectio 16, A"ticle o+ Repu0licAct 6425 o t!e ."ou( o+ i'ti.atio$- NLRC:"ule( i +avo" o+ co#plaiat' a' it li-e*i'e +ou( &A .uilty o+i'ti.atio; o"(e"e( "ei'tate#et to t!ei" +o"#e" po'itio' 0ut *it!out0ac-*a.e'$% Co#plaiat' (i( ot appeal +"o# t!e (eci'io 0ut le( a #otio +o" a*"it o+ eBecutio o+ t!e o"(e" o+ "ei'tate#et$

% A ."ate( t!e #otio 0ut &A "e+u'e( to eBecute t!e 'ai( o"(e" o t!e."ou( t!at t!ey !ave t!i' petitio pe(i. *!ic! *a' evetually "e+e""e(to t!e CA$- C$:"eve"'e( t!e (eci'io o+ t!e NRC a( "ei'tate( t!e (eci'io o+ t!eA i'o+a" a' it up!el( t!e (i'#i''al o+ Roue"o$

ISSUES1$ON t!e i'ti.ate( e#ployee '!all 0e 'olely "e'po'i0le +o" a actioa"i'i. +"o# t!e i'ti.atio pe"pet"ate( 0y t!e e#ploye"2$ ON t!e eBecuto"y atu"e o+ t!e (eci'io, #o"e 'o t!e "ei'tate#eta'pect o+ a la0o" t"i0ualI' o"(e" ca 0e !alte( 0y a petitio !avi. 0eele( i !i.!e" cou"t' *it!out ay "e't"aii. o"(e" o" p"eli#ia"y iuctio!avi. 0ee o"(e"e( i t!e #eati#e

?$ ON t!e e#ploye" *!o "e+u'e( to "ei'tate a e#ployee (e'pite a *"it(uly i''ue( ca 0e !el( lia0le to pay t!e 'ala"y o+ t!e 'u0ect e#ployee+"o# t!e ti#e t!at !e *a' o"(e"e( "ei'tate( up to t!e ti#e t!at t!e"eve"'e( (eci'io *a' !a(e( (o*

E%D1$ ES % 'ti.atio i' oly a (e+e'e a.ai't c"i#ial lia0ility$ t caot 0eu'e( a' a '!iel( a.ai't (i'#i''al +"o# e#ploy#et e'pecially *!e t!epo'itio ivolve' t!e 'a+ety o+ !u#a live'$% t i' o+ pu0lic -o*le(.e t!at ("u.' ca (a#a.e t!e #etal +acultie' o+t!e u'e"$ Roue"o *a' ta'-e( *it! t!e "epai" a( #aiteace o+ &AI'ai"plae'$ =e caot (i'c!a".e t!at (uty i+ !e i' a ("u. u'e"$ =i' +ailu"e to(o !i' o0 ca #ea ."eat lo'' o+ live' a( p"ope"tie'$ =ece, eve i+ !e

*a' i'ti.ate( to ta-e ("u.' !e !a' o "i.!t to 0e "ei'tate( to !i'

po'itio$ =e too- t!e ("u.' +ully -o*i. t!at !e *a' o (uty a( #o"e 'ot!at it i' p"o!i0ite( 0y co#pay "ule'% :!e"e i' o ue'tio t!at petitioe" Roue"o i' .uilty o+ 'e"iou'#i'co(uct +o" po''e''i. a( u'i. '!a0u$ =e violate( C!apte" 2, A"ticleK, 'ectio 4 o+ t!e &A Co(e o+ Di'ciplie *!ic! 'tate'nited Cor(oration )s. NLRC +:-< Se"iou'#i'co(uct i' (ee( a' t!e t"a'."e''io o+ 'o#e e'ta0li'!e( a((eite "ule o+ actio, a +o"0i((e act, a (e"elictio o+ (uty, *ill+ul ic!a"acte", a( i#plie' *"o.+ul itet a( ot #e"e e""o" i u(.#et$P Fo"'e"iou' #i'co(uct to *a""at t!e (i'#i''al o+ a e#ployee, it 17 #u't 0e'e"iou'; 27 #u't "elate to t!e pe"+o"#ace o+ t!e e#ployeeI' (uty; a( ?7#u't '!o* t!at t!e e#ployee !a' 0eco#e ut to cotiue *o"-i. +o" t!ee#ploye"% &A co#plie( *it! t!e t*i%otice "eui"e#et 0e+o"e (i'#i''i. t!epetitioe"$ :!e t*i%otice "ule "eui"e' 17 t!e otice *!ic! app"i'e' t!ee#ployee o+ t!e pa"ticula" act' o" o#i''io' +o" *!ic! !i' (i'#i''al i'0ei. 'ou.!t alo. *it! t!e oppo"tuity +o" t!e e#ployee to ai" !i' 'i(e,a( 27 t!e 'u0'euet otice o+ t!e e#ploye"I' (eci'io to (i'#i'' !i#$2$ NO% :!e o"(e" o+ "ei'tate#et i' i##e(iately eBecuto"y

% Phili((ine Rabbit 3's Lines, nc. )s. NLRC, +"666-ective +"o# t!e ti#e t!e e#ploye" +aile( to "ei'tate !i#(e'pite t!e i''uace o+ a *"it o+ eBecutio$ Hle'' t!e"e i' a "e't"aii.o"(e" i''ue(, it i' #ii'te"ial upo t!e a0o" A"0ite" to i#ple#et t!e o"(e"o+ "ei'tate#et$ t!e ca'e at 0a", o "e't"aii. o"(e" *a' ."ate($:!u', it *a' #a(ato"y o &A to actually "ei'tate Roue"o o" "ei'tate!i# i t!e pay"oll$ =avi. +aile( to (o 'o, &A #u't pay Roue"o t!e 'ala"y!e i' etitle( to, a' i+ !e *a' "ei'tate(, +"o# t!e ti#e o+ t!e (eci'io o+t!e NRC util t!e ality o+ t!e (eci'io o+ t!i' Cou"t$% A"ticle 22? ?"(pa"a."ap!7 o+ t!e a0o" Co(e, a' a#e(e( 0y Sectio 12o+ RA No$ 6315, a( Sec 2 o+ t!e NRC te"i# Rule' o Appeal' u(e" RANo$ 6315, A#e(i. t!e a0o" Co(e, p"ovi(e t!at a o"(e" o+

"ei'tate#et 0y t!e a0o" A"0ite" i' i##e(iately eBecuto"y eve pe(i.appeal$% :!e "atioale o+ t!e la* !a' 0ee eBplaie( i Aris (P+il.) In1. >s.%RC'

?n a'thori@ing e1ec'tion (ending a((eal o% the reinstatement as(ect o%a decision o% the Labor Arbiter reinstating a dismissed or se(aratedem(loyee, the law itsel% has laid down a com(assionate (olicy which,once more, )i)i*es and enhances the (ro)isions o% the "67; Constit'tionon labor and the woring man.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1These d'ties and res(onsibilities o% the State are im(osed not so m'chto e1(ress sym(athy %or the woringman as to %orce%'lly andmeaning%'lly 'nderscore labor as a (rimary social and economic %orce,

which the Constit'tion also e1(ressly a2rms with e0'al intensity. Laboris an indis(ensable (artner %or the nations (rogress and stability.


22/30

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 n short, with res(ect to decisions reinstating em(loyees, the lawitsel% has determined a s'2ciently o)erwhelming reason %or itse1ec'tion (ending a((eal.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 Then, by and ('rs'ant to the same (ower +(olice (ower-, the Statemay a'thori@e an immediate im(lementation, (ending a((eal, o% adecision reinstating a dismissed or se(arated em(loyee since that sa)ingact is designed to sto(, altho'gh tem(orarily since the a((eal may bedecided in %a)or o% the a((ellant, a contin'ing threat or danger to thes'r)i)al or e)en the li%e o% the dismissed or se(arated em(loyee and his%amily.4

?$ ES$4 Eve i+ t!e o"(e" o+ "ei'tate#et o+ t!e A i' "eve"'e( o appeal, it i'o0li.ato"y o t!e pa"t o+ t!e e#ploye" to "ei'tate a( pay t!e *a.e' o+t!e (i'#i''e( e#ployee (u"i. t!e pe"io( o+ appeal util "eve"'al 0y t!e!i.!e" cou"t$% + t!e e#ployee !a' 0ee "ei'tate( (u"i. t!e appeal pe"io( a( 'uc!"ei'tate#et o"(e" i' "eve"'e( *it! ality, t!e e#ployee i' ot "eui"e(to "ei#0u"'e *!ateve" 'ala"y !e "eceive( +o" !e i' etitle( to 'uc!, #o"e'o i+ !e actually "e(e"e( 'e"vice' (u"i. t!e pe"io($Disposition :!e (i'#i''al o+ petitioe" Roue"o i' AFFRMED, 0ut &A i'o"(e"e( to pay t!e *a.e' to *!ic! Roue"o i' etitle( +"o# t!e ti#e t!e

"ei'tate#et o"(e" *a' i''ue( util t!e ality o+ t!i' (eci'io$

3I%A"R#S PAUCI%%# >. CAP PI%IPPIES< IC.6 SCRA 8 (899:)< SEC#D DI$ISI# (Carpio 3orales< 2.)

The (rotection o% the rights o% the laborers does not a'thori@e theo((ression or sel%&destr'ction o% the em(loyer.

Mila."o' &aucillo *a' !i"e( a' Oce Seio" Cle"- 0y CA& &!ilippie' c$ o"(e" to 'ecu"e t!e e(ucatio o+ !e" 'o, &aucillo p"ocu"e( ae(ucatioal pla *!ic! '!e !a( +ully pai( 0ut *!ic! '!e late" 'ol( toJo'ea &e"e' +o" &?3,@@@$ e+o"e t!e actual t"a'+e" o+ t!e pla coul( 0ee>ecte(, !o*eve", &aucillo ple(.e( it +o" &5@,@@@ to Jo! C!ua *!o,

!o*eve", 'ol( it to eito o.!aoy$ o.!aoy i tu" 'ol( t!e pla toQau(io'o R$ Hy +o" &6@,@@@$

=avi. .otte *i( o+ t!e t"a'actio' 'u0'euet to !e" pu"c!a'e o+ t!epla, Jo'ea i+o"#e( CA& &!ilippie' c$ t!at &aucillo !a( '*i(le(!e" 0ut t!at '!e *a' *illi. to 'ettle t!e ca'e a#ica0ly a' lo. a'&aucillo *ill pay t!e a#out ivolve( a( t!e ite"e't$

CA& &!ilippie' c$ te"#iate( t!e 'e"vice' o+ &aucillo$ &aucillo'ou.!t "eco'i(e"atio o+ !e" (i'#i''al$ Acti. o &aucilloI' #otio +o""eco'i(e"atio, CA& &!ilippie' c$ (eie( t!e 'a#e$ &aucillo t!u' le(a co#plait +o" ille.al (i'#i''al, 1?t! #ot! pay, 'e"vice icetive leavepay, (a#a.e' a( atto"eyI' +ee' a.ai't CA& &!ilippie' c$

:!e a0o" A"0ite", *!ile (i. t!at t!e (i'#i''al *a' +o" a vali( cau'e,+ou( t!e 'a#e too !a"'!$ =e t!u' o"(e"e( t!e "ei'tate#et o+ &aucilloto a po'itio oe "a- lo*e" t!a !e" p"eviou' po'itio$ O appeal, t!eNatioal a0o" Relatio' Co##i''io NRC7 "eve"'e( t!e (eci'io o+ t!ea0o" A"0ite"$ t !el( t!at &aucilloI' (i'#i''al *a' i lle.al a( acco"(i.lyo"(e"e( !e" "ei'tate#et to !e" +o"#e" po'itio$

CA& &!ilippie' c$ c!alle.e( t!e NRC Deci'io 0e+o"e t!e appellatecou"t via &etitio +o" Certiorari$ :!e appellate cou"t "eve"'e( t!e NRCDeci'io a( !el( t!at t!e (i'#i''al *a' vali( a( t!at CA& &!ilippie' c$co#plie( *it! t!e p"oce(u"al "eui"e#et' o+ (ue p"oce''$ =ece, t!ep"e'et petitio$

ISSUE'!et!e" o" ot Mila."o' !a' 0ee ille.ally (i'#i''e(

E%D'&aucilloI' "epeate( violatio o+ Sectio 8$4 o+ CA& &!ilippie' cI' Co(eo+ Di'ciplie, '!e violate( t!e t"u't a( co(ece o+ CA& &!ilippie' c$a( it' cu'to#e"'$ :o allo* !e" to cotiue *it! !e" e#ploy#et put' CA&&!ilippie' c$ u(e" t!e "i'- o+ 0ei. e#0"oile( i uece''a"y la*'uit'+"o# cu'to#e"' 'i#ila"ly 'ituate( a' Jo'ea, et al. Clea"ly, CA& &!ilippie'c$ eBe"ci'e( it' #aa.e#et p"e"o.ative *!e it (i'#i''e( &aucillo$

H(e" t!e a0o" Co(e, t!e e#ploye" #ay te"#iate a e#ploy#et o t!e."ou( o+ 'e"iou' #i'co(uct o" *ill+ul (i'o0e(iece 0y t!e e#ployee o+t!e la*+ul o"(e"' o+ !i' e#ploye" o" "ep"e'etative i coectio *it! !i'*o"-$ +"actio' o+ co#pay "ule' a( "e.ulatio' !ave 0ee (ecla"e( to0elo. to t!i' cate.o"y a( t!u' a"e vali( cau'e' +o" te"#iatio o+e#ploy#et 0y t!e e#ploye"$

:!e e#ploye" caot 0e co#pelle( to cotiue t!e e#ploy#et o+ ape"'o *!o *a' +ou( .uilty o+ #aliciou'ly co##itti. act' *!ic! a"e(et"i#etal to !i' ite"e't'$ t *ill 0e !i.!ly p"eu(icial to t!e ite"e't' o+t!e e#ploye" to i#po'e o !i# t!e c!a".e' t!at *a""ate( !i' (i'#i''al+"o# e#ploy#et$ (ee(, it *ill (e#o"ali)e t!e "a- a( le i+ t!e

u(e'e"vi., i+ ot u(e'i"a0le, "e#ai i t!e 'e"vice$ t #ay ecou"a.e!i# to (o eve *o"'e a( *ill "e(e" a #oc-e"y o+ t!e "ule' o+ (i'cipliet!at e#ployee' a"e "eui"e( to o0'e"ve$ :!i' Cou"t *a' #o"e e#p!atic i!ol(i. t!at i p"otecti. t!e "i.!t' o+ t!e la0o"e", it caot aut!o"i)e t!eopp"e''io o" 'el+%(e't"uctio o+ t!e e#ploye"$

:!e"e ca t!u' 0e o (ou0t t!at &aucillo *a' .ive a#ple oppo"tuity toeBplai !e" 'i(e$ &a"et!etically, *!e a e#ployee a(#it' t!e act'co#plaie( o+, a' i &aucilloI' ca'e, o +o"#al !ea"i. i' eve ece''a"y$

SETIE% SECURITY A"ECY IC $ %RC (CABA#)295 SCRA 12?

&ANQANAN; Septe#0e" ?, 1998


23/30

ACTS% :!e co#plaiat' *e"e e#ployee' o+ Setiel Secu"ity A.ecy, c$ :!ey*e"e a''i.e( to "e(e" .ua"( (uty at t!e p"e#i'e' o+ &!ilippieA#e"ica i+e 'u"ace Co#pay at Joe' Aveue, Ce0u City$ ODece#0e" 16, 199? &!ilippie A#e"ica i+e 'u"ace Co#pay Tt!eCliet,I , 'et otice to all coce"e( t!at t!e A.ecy *a' a.ai a*a"(e(t!e cot"act o+ 'ecu"ity 'e"vice' to.et!e" *it! a "eue't to "eplace all t!e'ecu"ity .ua"(' i t!e co#payI' oce' at t!e citie' o+ Ce0u, acolo(,Ca.aya (e O"o, Dipolo. a( la.a$ co#pliace t!e"e*it!, t!e A.ecyi''ue( a Relie+ a( :"a'+e" O"(e" "eplaci. t!e co#plaiat' a' .ua"(' o+t!e Cliet a( +o" t!e to 0e "e%a''i.e( to ot!e" cliet'$ A' o"(e"e(, t!eco#plaiat' "epo"te( 0ut *e"e eve" .ive e* a''i.#et' 0ut i'tea(t!ey *e"e tol( t!at Tt!ey *e"e "eplace( 0ecau'e t!ey a"e al"ea(y ol($I&"eci'ely, t!e co#plaiat' lo't o ti#e 0ut le( t!e 'u0ect ille.al(i'#i''al ca'e' a( p"aye( +o" pay#et o+ 'epa"atio pay a( ot!e" la0o"'ta(a"( 0eet'$- De&en"ant's Co##ent:!e Cliet a( t!e A.ecy #aitaie( t!e"e *a' o (i'#i''al o t!epa"t o+ t!e co#plaiat', co't"uctive o" ot!e"*i'e, a' t!ey *e"e p"otecte(0y t!e cot"act o+ 'ecu"ity 'e"vice' *!ic! allo*' t!e "ecall o+ 'ecu"ity.ua"(' +"o# t!ei" a''i.e( po't' at t!e *ill o+ eit!e" pa"ty$ t al'o a(vace(t!at t!e co#plaiat' p"e#atu"ely le( t!e 'u0ect ca'e' *it!out .ivi.t!e A.ecy a c!ace to .ive t!e# 'o#e a''i.#et'$

% O t!e pa"t o+ t!e Cliet, it ave""e( +u"t!e" t!at t!e"e *a' oe#ploye"%e#ployee "elatio'!ip 0et*ee it a( t!e co#plaiat' a' t!elatte" *e"e #e"ely a''i.e( to it' Ce0u "ac! u(e" a o0 cot"act; t!att!e A.ecy !a( it' o* 'epa"ate co"po"ate pe"'oality apa"t +"o# t!ato+ t!e Cliet$ e'i(e', it poite( out t!at t!e +uctio' o+ t!eco#plaiat' i p"ovi(i. 'ecu"ity 'e"vice' to t!e ClietI' p"ope"ty *e"eot ece''a"y a( (e'i"a0le to t!e u'ual 0u'ie'' o" t"a(e o+ t!e Cliet,a' it coul( 'till ope"ate a( e.a.e i it' li+e i'u"ace 0u'ie'' *it!outt!e 'ecu"ity .ua"('$ e, t!e Cliet #aitai' t!at t!e co#plaiat'!ave o cau'e o+ actio a.ai't it$ISSUES6. ON t!e co#plaiat' *e"e ille.ally (i'#i''e(2$ ON t!e Cliet i' oitly a( 'eve"ally lia0le +o" t!ei" t!i"teet!%#ot!

a( 'e"vice icetive leave pay'

E%D1$ ESRatio:!e t"a'+e" o+ a e#ployee ivolve' a late"al #ove#et *it!i t!e0u'ie'' o" ope"atio o+ t!e e#ploye", *it!out (e#otio i "a-,(i#iutio o+ 0eet' o", *o"'e, 'u'pe'io o+ e#ploy#et eve i+te#po"a"y$ :!e "ecall a( t"a'+e" o+ 'ecu"ity .ua"(' "eui"e "ea''i.#etto aot!e" po't a( a"e ot euivalet to t!ei" place#et o oati.'tatu'$ O>%(etaili. 'ecu"ity .ua"(' +o" a "ea'oa0le pe"io( o+ 'iB #ot!'i' u'tie( oly i 0oa (e ca'e' o+ 'u'pe'io o+ ope"atio, 0u'ie'' o"u(e"ta-i.$Reasoning

a$ :!e le.ally "eco.i)e( cocept o+ t"a'+e" *a' ot i#ple#ete($ :!ea.ecy !i"e( e* 'ecu"ity .ua"(' to "eplace t!e co#plaiat', "e'ulti. i

a lac- o+ po't' to *!ic! t!e co#plaiat' coul( !ave 0ee "ea''i.e($:!u', it "e+u'e( to "ea''i. Co#plaiat A(oy *!e !e "epo"te( +o" (utyo Fe0"ua"y 2, 4 a( 3, 1994; a( #e"ely tol( t!e ot!e" co#plaiat' ova"iou' (ate' +"o# Jaua"y 25 to 23, 1994 t!at t!ey *e"e al"ea(y too ol( to0e po'te( ay*!e"e$0$ A oati. 'tatu' "eui"e' t!e (i"e eBi.ecy o+ t!e e#ploye"I' 0oa (e'u'pe'io o+ ope"atio, 0u'ie'' o" u(e"ta-i.$ 'ecu"ity 'e"vice', t!i'!appe' *!e t!e cliet' t!at (o ot "ee* t!ei" cot"act' *it! a 'ecu"itya.ecy a"e #o"e t!a t!o'e t!at (o a( t!e e* oe' t!at t!e a.ecy.et'$ =o*eve", i t!e ca'e at 0a", t!e A.ecy *a' a*a"(e( a e* cot"act0y t!e Cliet$ :!e"e *a' o 'u"plu' o+ 'ecu"ity .ua"(' ove" availa0lea''i.#et'$ + t!e"e *e"e, it *a' 0ecau'e t!e A.ecy !i"e( e* 'ecu"ity.ua"('$ :!u', t!e"e *a' o 'u'pe'io o+ ope"atio, 0u'ie'' o"u(e"ta-i., 0oa (e o" ot, t!at *oul( !ave u'tie( placi. t!eco#plaiat' o>%(etail a( #a-i. t!e# *ait +o" a pe"io( o+ 'iB #ot!'$ +i(ee( t!ey *e"e #e"ely t"a'+e""e(, t!e"e *oul( !ave 0ee o ee( to#a-e t!e# *ait +o" 'iB #ot!'$27 :!e Cliet (i( ot, a' it coul( ot, ille.ally (i'#i'' t!e co#plaiat'$:!u', it '!oul( ot 0e !el( lia0le +o" 'epa"atio pay a( 0ac- *a.e'$ uteve i+ t!e Cliet i' ot "e'po'i0le +o" t!e ille.al (i'#i''al o+ t!eco#plaiat', it i' oitly a( 'eve"ally lia0le *it! t!e A.ecy +o" t!eco#plaiat'I 'e"vice icetive leave pay$Disposition :!e petitio i' DSMSSED a( t!e a''aile( Deci'io a(

Re'olutio a"e !e"e0y AFFRMED, 0ut t!e a*a"( o+ t!e t!i"teet!%#ot!pay i' DEE:ED

$IERES $ %RC (BE"UET E%ECTRIC C##P)4@@ SCRA 553

AHS:RA%MAR:NEZ; Ap"il 4, 2@@?

ACTS% :!e 15 co#plaiat'I 'e"vice' *e"e cot"acte( a' #ete" "ea(e"' 0ye.uet Elect"ic Coope"ative ENECO7 +o" le'' t!a a #ot!I' (u"atio+"o# Octo0e" 8 to ?1, 199@$ :!ei" e#ploy#et cot"act', couc!e( ii(etical te"#', "ea(ective at t!e clo'e o+ oce !ou"' o+ Dece#0e"?1, 199@, you" 'e"vice' *it! t!e ENECO *ill 0e te"#iate($ ou"te"#iatio !a' ot!i. to (o *it! you" pe"+o"#ace$ Rat!e", it i' 0ecau'e*e !ave to "et"ec! o pe"'oel a' *e a"e al"ea(y ove"'ta>e($% :!e co#plaiat' le( 'epa"ate co#plait' +o" ille.al (i'#i''al$ t i' t!e

cotetio o+ t!e co#plaia

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