Post Crash Emergency Response - ACRS · Post Crash Emergency Response Current & Future Innovations...

Post Crash Emergency Response

Current & Future Innovations

John Wall, Centre for Road Safety,

Transport for NSW

Post Crash Intervention

Post Crash Injury Outcome

Intervention Opportunities

Post Crash Injury Outcomes

Access to the Emergency Medical

& Rescue System

Role of lay bystanders

Data /

Information Systems

Emergency Rescue System

Rehabilitation

Pre-hospital

Medical care

Trauma care

Adapted from SafetyNet (2009) – Post Crash Care Report

Facts & Figures

• 1,400 road deaths per year*

• 32,500 road related hospitalisations*

• Road Deaths in remote areas six times the rate of metropolitan Australia*

• 22,140 road crash rescue events 2009-2010**

• 58.6 rescue extractions per 100,000 registered vehicles

• Swedish study***

– 48% of patient who died sustained non-survivable injuries

– 5% patients not located in time

– 12% would have survived if transported to hospital quicker

– 32% would have survived if transported to an advanced trauma centre

*National Road Safety Strategy, Australian Transport Commission 2011

**Report on Government Services 2012, Productivity Commission, Australia

*** Henriksson, E. M., Öström, M. Eriksson, A. (2001) Preventability of vehicle-related

fatalities. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 33, 467-475

Intervention Opportunities - Bystanders

• St John Ambulance train 400,000 Australians

annually in First Aid*

• 41% surveyed – First Aid Qualifications 11 years old**

• 94 % of Australians are unsure of their ability to help in an emergency**

• Up to 85 % of preventable road accident deaths could be avoided by administering basic first aid at the scene of the accident before emergency services arrive***

* St John Ambulance web site

** Pfizer Health Report 2007 Australians and First Aid

*** British Red Cross, 2006, ‘First Aid Fact Sheet’

Bystanders – Current Innovation

• First Aid Training routinely conducted in schools &

workplaces

• Increase in the number of work vehicles carrying first

aid equipment

•Automatic Electronic Defibrillators becoming more

common in work vehicles

Bystanders – Future Innovations

• Smartphones capable of sending location details

automatically when calling Triple Zero

• Smartphone Apps that instruct bystanders on what to

do until help arrives

Access To Emergency Medical & Rescue

Current Innovations

• Single emergency number Triple Zero (000)

• Establishment of secondary emergency numbers

• 112 – International mobile emergency number

• 106 – Text emergency relay service – hearing impaired

• Calls answered by Telstra Operator and transferred to

Police, Fire or Ambulance

• Caller talked through “what to do” by operator

• Address details that are stored in the Integrated Public

Number Database if calling from a fixed line

• Integrated CAD for all emergency services

•

* Established 1961

Automatic Crash Notification or eCall

• US field operational test found that ACN systems reduced incident

notification time from an average of 3 minutes to less than 1 minute

• EU determined eCall has a BCR of 3.16 (just behind ESC of 3.97)*

• A Finnish study has estimated that such a system might reduce

between 4-8% of road deaths and 5-10% of motor vehicle occupant

deaths.**


Future Innovations

• European Commission 2011

** Virtanen, N., Schirrokoff, A. Luoma, J.and Kumala, R. (2006) eCall Safety Effects in

Finland, eSafety Forum

Problem with 1st Generation ACN– Too many crashes (US figures)

• 6,000,000 crashes that can trigger ACN

• 3,000,000 crashes with any injury

• 250,000 crashes AIS 2+ injuries (4.0%)

• 80,000 crashes AIS 3+ injuries (1.3%)

• 35,000 fatalities (0.6%)


Future Innovations

Augenstein J (2011) , Application of Instant Crash Injury Risk Data to Assist Medical Treatment and Save Lives

Enhanced Automatic Crash Notification

• Geographic location of crashes with possible injuries

• Provide voice communication with vehicle occupants

• Data from vehicle sensors

Results in:

• More rapid response to injured occupants

• Improved diagnosis and triage of injured


Future Innovations

Image BMW

Enhanced Automatic Crash Notification


Future Innovations

Augenstein J (2011) , Application of Instant Crash Injury Risk Data to Assist Medical Treatment and Save Lives


Current Innovations

• Establishment of State Rescue Board (NSW)

• Establishment of the Australian Road Rescue Organisation

• Australian Rescue Challenge held annually

• Machine driven hydraulic rescue equipment

• Improved cutting equipment

• Rescue manuals by manufacturers

• Development of national

competency standards for operators


Future Innovations

• Further development of new rescue techniques based on

sound research

• New and improved hydraulic rescue equipment

• Further development of national competency standards

• Inclusion of volunteer agencies in CAD systems

• Better location and information from

ACN & eCall systems

• Availability of manufacturers’ rescue

manuals on scene.

The Safe System Approach

Haddon Matrix

The NSW Safe System Approach

Existing Emergency Services

The NSW Safe System Approach

Contact Details

[email protected]

www.centreforroadsafety.nsw.gov.au

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