Post Classical Age: 1200-1450 Reorganization of the Post Classical World Continuity and Change.

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Post Classical Age: 1200-1450 Reorganization of the Post Classical World Continuity and Change

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Transcript of Post Classical Age: 1200-1450 Reorganization of the Post Classical World Continuity and Change.

Page 1: Post Classical Age: 1200-1450 Reorganization of the Post Classical World Continuity and Change.

Post Classical Age: 1200-1450

Reorganization of the Post Classical WorldContinuity and Change

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European Interests turned outward

Organization, Consolidationand Migration of Eurasian Steppe people

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Reading Quiz

1. Identify two regions taken by the Mongol conquests of the 13th C.

2. Identify one factor that contributed to the decline of Pax Mongolica?

3. How did the development of commerce and money challenge the feudal system of exchange?

4. Why is the formation of Parliaments and the Magna Carta important in understanding the development of the West?

5. What changes were taking place specifically in Italy in the late Middle Age and why?

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Western Europe

High Middle Ages

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Moors Invade Europe, 711

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Feudal Europe, c. 1200

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Spanish Reconquista: 711-1492

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Seljuk Turks (Seljuk Sultanate)• Migrated into Near East 10th Century• Established role of Sultan as protector of

Abbasid Caliph • Origins of Ottoman Turks

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=XeoXZwE0V0sd8M&tbnid=DDNzLNpDjacp-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.owasso.k12.ok.us/webpages/gyankey/regadvhandouts.cfm?subpage=313522&ei=ZC6aUevVDc-s4AP6lYG4Dw&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEemxpWfhoZdnTM_n3Cw0jY0dIMqw&ust=1369145191378765
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Pope Urban II Calls the 1st Crusade: 1095

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The Western Crusades

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Eastern Mediterranean in 11c-12c

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Impact of the Crusades

History’s most successful failure…

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Increased contact

TradeIncreased Demand for goods- economic

growthDevelopment of business opportunitiesAgricultural & commercial revolution

Exposure to goods & ideas Reawakening of Classical Age

Scientific Knowledge - Universities

Changing Social & Political Structure

Breakdown of Feudalism – rise of middle class

Political Consolidation – challenge to the church

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Economy of the Medieval World

• After 1000…

Increased production & Specialization

New Business PracticesPartnerships, Credit, Banking

Agricultural Revolution:

iron plows, horse collar and horse shoes, cleared lands, crop rotation, new crops, warmer climate Population Increases…

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trade & commercial opportunitiesnew urban areas Mediterranean tradeNorth & Baltic sea trade (Hanseatic League)

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Greater urbanization River cities Italian cities

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http://www.myboe.org/portal/default/Resources/Viewer/ResourceViewer?action=2&resid=30767
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Hanseatic League: Merchant Guild

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New Goods, New Ideas

Or in many cases… old ideas?

How was this new information received by the educated?

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Medieval Universities

Major ContributorsSt Thomas AquinasAlbertus Magnus

William of Ockham

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Scholasticism

Emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference, and to resolve contradictions.

deductive reasoning

Created in the 13th century by the

introduction of Aristotle's analytics, metaphysics and

natural philosophy.

sophisticated logical methods to resolve apparent contradictions

Students argue from reason, experience, and authority (Church)

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Architecture, Literature & Art

Gothic Cathedrals

Notre DameChartres

ReimsCologne

Santa Maria del Fiore

Forerunners of the Renaissance

Emergence of the… “The Artist”

Giotto

Medieval MasterpiecesIn the vernacular

The Divine Comedy, 1321Dante Alighieri

The Canterbury Tales end of 14th c , Geoffrey Chaucer

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Artistic Development

High Middle Age

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Creation of Modern political Europe

Centralization of powerNew Monarchies

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Political Developments

England France

Norman Dukes (descendants of Charlemagne)

Battle of Hastings 1066 invasion William the ConquerorDomesday Book

1215: Magna CartaParliament

987- death of last Carolingian

Hugh Capet ElectedLord with possessions around Paris

Capetian KingsEarly 1300s centralized French Territories

Hundred Years War: increased power for both monarchies

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100 Years WarSuccession crisis over French

ThroneValois (French) - cousinPlantagenet (English)- nephew

Intermittent fighting in France

Long bowUse of Canon- gunpowder

Joan of Arc

OutcomeFurther Centralization of power – England & France (Tudors AND Valois)

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Iberian Peninsula

Reconquista

Muslim States - Southern

Christian States- Northern

CastileAragonPortugal

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FRAGMENTATION CONTINUESGERMANY

(HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE)ITALY

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Political DevelopmentsHoly Roman Empire Italy

962 German Princes ELECT Otto of Saxony Holy Roman Emperor

Expansion & centralization prevented by Papal influence

Investiture Controversy papal/monarch conflict

BALANCE OF POWERCity States

Venice, Florence, Milan, Naples

Papal Influence

Mediterranean Trade Prosperity -More Urban

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Middle Ages (600-1450)

476: Fall of Rome

800: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor

1095: Pope Urban II launches 1st Crusade

Germanic Invasions & Kingdoms

9th Century Invasions, Feudalism

High Middle Ages CHANGES…

Growth of Nation-States and Monarchies

Breakdown of political Feudal System

Growing Economic complexity

Changing Social Structure

Cultural Development Intellectual Curiosity

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Characteristics of the High Middle AgeIncreased economic opportunities (commercial revolution), New Monarchs and the development of nation-states supported breakdown of feudal social structure by …• Granting charters and encouraging a merchant

class (mercantilism)• Staffing government-paid bureaucratic jobs with

new middle class to undercut power of nobles• Providing protections and opportunities for

peasants no longer tied to land (end of serfdom)

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What roadblocks will Western Europe experience in their quest towards recovery? What Impact will these

changes have on the power and prestige of the Church?

Black DeathEnvironmental Conditions – the Great Famine

Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages

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Environmental FactorsLittle Ice Age & The Great Famine

The Black Death- Bubonic Plague

Hans Holbein: Dance of Death

Hunters in the Snow by Pieter Breughel.

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The Plague: Black Death1/3rd of European Population decimated

Outbreaks: 1348, 1361, 1368, 1371, 1375, 1390, 1405 ---- 18th Century

Economic and Social challenges:

Cities worst-off, villages abandoned

rise in Anti-Semitism

social unrest - rebellion

The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors

Boccaccio The Decameron

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• Continued agricultural revolution: forced diversification of agriculture & development of new technologies

• Continued trade with greater demand for luxury goods

• Fewer laborers, more land: Lessening power of numerous noble aristocrats

• Greater need for centralized power/Monarch and services

• Religious Fanaticism (mystics, flagellants)- failure of Church

Positive Consequences?

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Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Albrecht Durer

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1378 to 1417: The Great Western Schism

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Papal Complex at Avignon

Gallican Church

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Late Medieval Church

• Corruption– Worldliness, – simony, pluralism – sale of indulgences

• Calls for reform– John Wycliff (Lollards) – Jan Huss (Hussites)– Conciliarism

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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/haxczech.html
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How does the development of the Western European Nation-state compare to the prosperous

empires of the West African Sudanic Empires?

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By 1450, Western Europe was set search out new opportunities to grow and expand…

Monarchs directing purposeful growth of its nation-states(mercantilism)Economic prosperity (agriculture, manufacturing, trade)

New Middle Class with excess capital for investment

Rise of the West


Post Classical Age: 1200-1450

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