The Foundational Technology of Modern Concrete

Concrete is the 2nd most utilized material on earth, ranking only behind water.

Cement: “to bind together”

Concrete: “an agglomeration”

Oldest Concrete Found To Date: around 7000 BC — a lime concrete floor found during the construction of a road at Yiftah El in Galilee, Israel.

Lime Volcanic ash (pozzolon)

Portland cement was first patented in 1824

Named after the natural limestone quarried on the Isle of Portland in the English Channel

Calcium CalciumSiliconAluminaIron

Portland Cement

PerviousInsulated

Phase-ChangePhoto catalyticTranslucentEngineered Cementitious Composites

BendableSelf-Healing

Self-ConsolidatingSmartGreen

World Production of Cement

Source: Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Portland Cement is a Foundational Technological DevelopmentTotal improvement over limeBasis for modern concrete industryOf major benefit to human society

Portland Cement has social & economic implicationsSocial- necessary for most modern infrastructureEconomic- Essential to modern development of

societies