Portfolio of Buddhist Art, Historical and Modern (1906)-Carus

7/28/2019 Portfolio of Buddhist Art, Historical and Modern (1906)-Carus

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CHARLES WILLIAM WASONCOLLECTION

CHINA AND THE CHINESE

THE GIFT OFCHARLES WILLIAM WASONCLASS OF 18761918


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Cornell University LibraryN 8193.A4C32


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AYCornell UniversityLibrary

The original of this book is inthe Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions inthe United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023315363


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PORTFOLIO OF BUDDHIST ARTHISTORICAL AND MODERN

ILLUSTRATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE MONUMENTSAND :

OTHER PICTURES -If I- v

Collected byDR. PAUL CARUS

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CHICAGOTHE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANYLondon Agentskegan paul, trench, trubner & co., ltd.1906 ,, ,0 i-: |.iV. L


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EDITOR'S ANXOUX'CEMEXT.THIS collection of I'.ufldhist pictures docs not pretend to be complete in any

res|)ect. It consists of a few sani|:)les onh' which are chosen almost at ran-dom from a wealth of innumerable art productions that have originated under theinfluence of I'.uililiia's religion. Alcist of the historical pictures have appearedfrom time to time in The Open Court, and those interested in the subject are re-ferred for ex].)lanations (if an\' l)e needed) to the several articles in which they'have been discussed.

'Jdie illustrations of The Gosf^ei uf Buddha b\ luluard fjiedermann con-stitute a novel feature. 'Idle artist is a ( ierman-.Vnierican of Chicago, Illinois,and tifl'ers in these pictures a modern intcr])retation of the LSuddhist ideal, basinga \A'estern treatment u|)on a historical crjnception.

P. C.

COPYRIGHT BVTHE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.1906

cn


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Maya Devi Visiting Shuddhodana.(Boiobudur.)

List of Illustrations.

Plate I.Plate 2.

Plate 3.

Plate 4.

Plate 5.Plate 6.

Lotos-Flower ]\Ioti\e. Copied from a fresco in the Ajanta Cavesin India ; sixth century, A. D. \'ignettc on Title-page.

The Enlightened One. By Eduard P)icdermann.Tlie Greek Conception of the Enlkiiitened One. Found in Gan-

dhara, and now in the Aluseum at Calcutta ; presumably theoldest Buddha statue in existence. Second century, B. C.

The N.vtivity. Gandhara sculpture; second centnr\', B. C.BoDHLS,\TT\'.\ A'lsiTiNG THE Tkaiple. On the approach of Prince

Siddartha, the statues of the gods come off their pedestals andprostrate themselves before Bodhisattva, the Buddha-to-be. Thisis a sculpture of Corobudur, probably of the ninth century, A.D,

The FIealer. Gandhara sculpture ; second centur}-. B. C.The Great Renl-nci.\tion. Gandhara sculpture ; second century, B.C.Scenes fro.m the Buddh.v's Life. External elevation of the front of

a cell. From a sculpture at Jamalgiri, now in the India ^luseum.South Kensington. Date uncertain.

Mar.v's Arjty. Gandhara sculpture ; second centur\-. B. C.The Gandh.vr.v Lami'.-i;eari:r C(n[rARi:n with Analogous Scur.r-

tures 0 P.\gan Greece and Chrkstlvnitv. The Lamb-bearer(second century B. C. ) at the left of the plate bears an astonishing resemblance to the Christian Good Shepherd of whomtwo representations are given here, one on the sarcophagus andthe other as the famous statue in the Lateran. The coincidence


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is easily understood if we consider that both iind their prototypein ancient Greece as evidenced b\' the adjoining tigures of thecalf-bearing Hermes, and the rani-l)earing ]lermcs.

Plate -. The Symbol of Truth. The lamp is frequently used allegoricalh' inpassages which should undoubtedly be attributed to Buddhahimself. In his farewell address he said, "Live as lamps untoyourselves" (lit. "self-lamps"), Gandhara sculpture. Secondcentur}-, P.. C,

Cf.ii.ixg IX AX .\t.\xt.\ Ca\i-:, Date of construction, fifth or sixthcentury. A, D,

Plate 8. IxTERiOR of ax Aj.\xta Cave, Sixth century A, D.Plate 9, The Temptation. Fresco in the Ajanta Caves, Sixth century, A. D.Plate to. P)UDDnA Pictures in the Aj.xnta Caves. Sixth century. A, D,Plate II, Frescoes of the Ajanta Ca\i;s. Prince Siddhartha,Worshipers,^Waiting for the Blessed One, Sixth century, A, D.Plate 12. The W^heei. of Life. Fresco in the cave temples of Ajanta. Sixth

centur_\', A. D. This is still typical for all Buddhist countries.Plate 13. BunDH.v Statue Discovered on the Site of the Diamond Seat at

Buddha-Gaya. The original is in the possession of the Ana-garika Dharmapala. Twelfth century. .-\, D,

Plate 14, The Mah.xbodhi Temple at Buddfia-Ga^'a After Its Restoration,This ancient temple was built on the site of the bodlii tree, underwhich Buddha attained enlightenment, \'estiges of the originaltree have been discovered near the "diamond seat." The Chi-nese travelers Fa Hien (fourth century) and Hsuen Tsang(seventh century) visited the spot most sacred to Buddhists, andfound monasteries built there. Whether the present buildingexisted in those days is doubtful, A Hindu inahaiif is in chargeof the building which the British government has restored. Thegovernment retains the right of supervision and allows the privi-lege of worship to Buddhist as well as ITindu pilgrims,

Plate 15, The Diamond Seat at Buddha-Gaya, This marks the site whereBuddha attained to enlightenment, j\Ir, Olcott stands at theDiamond Seat, while the Anagarika H, Dharmapala is sittingin the foreground reading from the Buddhist Suttas,

Plate 16, The Ananda Temple at Pagan, Burm.v, Eleventh century. A. D.Plate 17. Prajxapar.\mit.\ : The Perfection of Wisdom, Specimen of the an-

cient Buddhist art of Java, Ninth century, A. D, Original inthe Le\(len museum.


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in I'.oilliisattva A[aniusliri, riding a lion. The o-roup is com-pleted by the |iresence of Ananda, the disciple of love, andKashyapa. the disciple of wisdom equipped with his begginc;-bowl.

Plate J'). J.\PAxi:sF. ISunniiA Status at IUthit-ia-Gava. The framed letter ofdonation standing at the left of the statue states that the statueis a present of the jajianese lUiddhists to the Alahabodhi templeat ISuddha-daya.

Dzizo-sox. lluddha as Fatherly Love, by Shaku Sowatsu. The orig-inal was a present to the Editor from the Rev. Shaku Soyen ofKamakura. who is the author of the Butklhist poem above the]Mcture of Iluddha. The following lines furnish an almost lit-eral translation :

re.'riiniughiiut the tliree woi'lds I am evcrywlie.\11 creatures as my loved children I cherish.And though e'en time and space may perish,I ne'er shall cease to emhrace them in prayer."

Plate 27. .^.\ixT Jo.sAPii.VT OF Ini)i.\. P>uddha as a Roman Catholic Saint, photo-graphed for the 1 [on. Andrew D. White from the image in thechurch of San (liosafat in Palermo. In the transmission of thestory, the name Podhisattx-a was changed to Giosafat, or Josa-phat.

Plate 28. X.\.\nA. the Chief SiiEPriERD'.s D.vughter. Py Eduard Piedermann.-\fter severe fasts, Podhisattva fainted, and Manda, the shep-herd's daughter, refreshed him with rice milk, whereb\- he in-curred the indignation of his companions, the five monks who,seated under a tree, watch the scene from a distance.

Plate 29. The Temi'T.\tion. By Eduard Piedermann.Plate 30. Pudoua'.s Mi:etikg with Y.\SHoi)n.\R.\. P)- Eduard Piedermann,

After Cautama Siddhartha had been recognized b\' large multi-tudes as the Puddha. he returned to the home of his father,Shudodana, where he met his wife, Vashodhara, and his littleson Rahula.

Plate 31. The L.\.st Ser.mox. Py Eduard Piedermann. When Buddha feltthat his end had come, he had the Mallas, the people of theneighborhoofl, collected around him, and preached his last ser-mon, which he closed with the words, ''Deca\' is inherent in allcomponent things, but the truth will remain forever. W'orkout \'our salvation with diligence."


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REFERENCES.THE originals of the Iliedcnnann illustrations are in possession of The fjpenCourt Publishing Co. Frescoes and views of the Ajanta Caves are re-produced from the rare and exquisite volumes of John Griffith, The Paintingsill the Buddhist Cave Temples of Ajanta. Some of the pictures have been takenfrom photographs of the originals, and others are gathered from the standardliterature on the subject. The dates ascribed to the pictures in the List of Illus-trations, are necessarily only approximate. The order and arrangement cannotbe expected t'o be always systematic.

For detailed explanations see the following articlesBuddha Pictures and Statues, The Open Conrt, xii, t^^j.Similarities in Religious Art, The Open Conrt, xiii, 710.A Collection of Japanese Paintings, ibid., p. 695.The Food of Life and the Sacrament, The Monist. x. 246.Mahayana Doctrine and Art, llie Open Conrt, xvi. 562 and 621.Wu Tao Tze's Nirvana Picture, ibid., p. 163.Prajnaparamita, The Open Conrt. xv, 367.Japanese Calligraphy, The Open Conrt, xiii, 120.Mythology of Buddhism, The Monist, vii, 431. Also in Carus, History

of the Devil, p. 104.The Wheel and the Cross, The Open Court, xvi, 478.Buddhism and Christianity, The Monist, v, 65. Also in Carus, Bud-

dhism and Its Christian Critics, p. 198.The Religion of Enlightenment, The Open Conrt, xvii, 567.A Buddhist Priest's A'iews of Relics. Containing a communication from

the Rev. Seelakkhanda, The Open Court, xi, 122.The Holy Saint Josaphat of Inilia, from the account of the Hon. Andrew

D. White, The Open Conrt. xv, 284.The Temples and Archasological Treasures of Burma, by Albert Griin-

wedel, ibid., p. 464.The following books by the editor are suggested as collateral reading" ; The

Gospel of Buddha : Karma, a Story of Buddhist Ethics : Nirvana, a Story ofBuddhist Psychology : Amithabha, a Story of Buddhist Theology ( The OpenCourt, xvi, 415, 486, 536) ; The Dharma ; Buddhism and Its Christian Critics:Scenes from the Life of Buddha, a reproduction in colors of modern Japanesepaintings by Keichyu Yamada.


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Thk Whkei, (ji the La' on the Sanl'hi Tc


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Buddhist Art, plate i.

COPVRIGHT, 1905, 8Y THE OPEN CO LISHiNG CO.

The Enlightened One.By Eduard Biedermann.


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Jiiidiilust Art, plate 2g.

?IGHT, 1305, BY THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO, The Temptation.By Eduard Biedermann.


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Biid.lhist Art. plate ji.

COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO. The Last Sermon.By Eduard Biedermann.


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Portfolio of Buddhist Art, Historical and Modern (1906)-Carus

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