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Portable Mass Driver Presentation by: Brad Garrison.
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Transcript of Portable Mass Driver Presentation by: Brad Garrison.
Overview: Mass DriversOverview: Mass Drivers
Classification of devices that Classification of devices that use electromagnetic forces to use electromagnetic forces to propel an objectpropel an object
More efficient than existing More efficient than existing means of propulsion.means of propulsion.
A Brief “History” of Mass A Brief “History” of Mass DriversDrivers
Current Development:Current Development:
Navy/Army Navy/Army ResearchResearch
Amateur ResearchAmateur Research
Future PossibilitiesFuture Possibilities
Peaceful UsesPeaceful Uses Military UsesMilitary Uses
Rail Guns
Electro Thermal Chemical Guns
Ground Based Mass Drivers
Orbital Mass Drivers
Spacecraft Based Mass Drivers
Project MotivationsProject Motivations
Interest in Interest in electromagnetism electromagnetism
Little research being Little research being conductedconducted
Current designs are Current designs are repetitiverepetitive
Project GoalsProject Goals
To construct a Gauss/Coil Gun that is To construct a Gauss/Coil Gun that is portable and easily operatedportable and easily operated
For the projectile to have a muzzle velocity of For the projectile to have a muzzle velocity of approximately 50m/sapproximately 50m/s
All components will be powered by a single All components will be powered by a single rechargeable batteryrechargeable battery
High rate of fire (60rpm)High rate of fire (60rpm) Extremely durableExtremely durable Completely safe for anyone to useCompletely safe for anyone to use
Rail Gun LimitationsRail Gun Limitations
High “recoil” forceHigh “recoil” force Extremely high temperaturesExtremely high temperatures Armature vaporization Armature vaporization Expensive materialsExpensive materials More applicable to larger designsMore applicable to larger designs
Coil GunCoil Gun
Lower operating temperatures Lower operating temperatures than Rail Gunthan Rail Gun
No projectile vaporizationNo projectile vaporization Lower, more manageable “recoil” Lower, more manageable “recoil”
forcesforces
Coil ParametersCoil Parameters► NL : Number of Layers > 30NL : Number of Layers > 30 -- Inductance will be -- Inductance will be
unreasonably large. unreasonably large.
► LL : Low Inductance, < 5 uHLL : Low Inductance, < 5 uH -- Unusually low inductance -- Unusually low inductance because the wire resistance had to be small in order to get the because the wire resistance had to be small in order to get the target current. This happens when the goal is very high current target current. This happens when the goal is very high current with a low voltage. with a low voltage.
► TC : Time Constant > 2.0 msec TC : Time Constant > 2.0 msec -- Current rise time is too -- Current rise time is too slow.slow.
► OR : Outer Radius > 1.5 inches OR : Outer Radius > 1.5 inches -- Too many layers of large -- Too many layers of large wire. A smaller wire size will give a higher current density in a wire. A smaller wire size will give a higher current density in a smaller space. smaller space.
► CD : Current Density > 1000 MA/m^2CD : Current Density > 1000 MA/m^2 -- Practical value for -- Practical value for copper wire to limit the heating.copper wire to limit the heating.
Projectile DesignProjectile Design
Maximum Volume with Minimum Mass
Ferromagnetic
Silicon Steel: the ideal material
Drawbacks of Existing Drawbacks of Existing DesignsDesigns
Most are driven off of Most are driven off of AC power making AC power making portability impossible.portability impossible.
DC designs operate at DC designs operate at a much reduced a much reduced power.power.
All have a very low All have a very low rate of firerate of fire
Most are dangerous Most are dangerous to useto use
All are very fragileAll are very fragile Capacitors used are Capacitors used are
expensive and heavyexpensive and heavy
Preliminary Design Preliminary Design ComplicationsComplications Barrel must be strong enough to Barrel must be strong enough to
withstand compressive force of the coilwithstand compressive force of the coil Capacitor banks can not provide Capacitor banks can not provide
pluses fast enough for the desired rate pluses fast enough for the desired rate of fireof fire
Capacitors may fail after repeated useCapacitors may fail after repeated use Heat build upHeat build up
Initial Design Initial Design ComplicationsComplications Induction coil produces high voltage pulses Induction coil produces high voltage pulses
not high current pulsesnot high current pulses Electromagnets will drain the battery even in Electromagnets will drain the battery even in
standby modestandby mode Optical gates will further drain battery and Optical gates will further drain battery and
introduce more fragile components into the introduce more fragile components into the designdesign
Microprocessor vulnerable to magnetic fields Microprocessor vulnerable to magnetic fields and heatand heat
Second DesignSecond DesignInduction coil replaced with photo capacitorsInduction coil replaced with photo capacitors
Electromagnets replaced with permanent magnets utilizing principals of the Gauss RifleElectromagnets replaced with permanent magnets utilizing principals of the Gauss Rifle
This eliminates the need for photo gates as wellThis eliminates the need for photo gates as well
Charge BoosterCharge Booster
(example is using a bank of 20 1.2V 0.25Amp AA batteries)(example is using a bank of 20 1.2V 0.25Amp AA batteries)
Charge indicatorCharge indicator
► The indicator will The indicator will signal when the signal when the capacitor is fully capacitor is fully chargedcharged
Resonance ChargingResonance Charging
► Resonance charging will be used to conserve energy and to Resonance charging will be used to conserve energy and to decrease the charging timedecrease the charging time
Possible ProblemsPossible Problems
►Fragility of permanent magnetsFragility of permanent magnets►Resistive heating of the coilResistive heating of the coil►Over working the capacitorsOver working the capacitors►Battery lifeBattery life
Future ImprovementsFuture Improvements
►Optimized coilOptimized coil►Heat sinksHeat sinks► Improved indicatorsImproved indicators
ConclusionConclusion
►Coil guns are not practical for portable Coil guns are not practical for portable designs.designs.
►SuperconductorsSuperconductors►Specialized Capacitors/SemiconductorsSpecialized Capacitors/Semiconductors►New coil designsNew coil designs
►Advanced batteriesAdvanced batteries
ReferencesReferences
1. anothercoilgunsite.com1. anothercoilgunsite.com
2. coilgun.com2. coilgun.com
3. powerlabs.com3. powerlabs.com
4.mgc314.home.comcast.net4.mgc314.home.comcast.net
5. scitoys.com5. scitoys.com