Portable Hydrolic Combine Spreader and Cutter

8/6/2019 Portable Hydrolic Combine Spreader and Cutter

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Portable hydrolic combine spreader and cutter

Some of the many uses of these tools are:

ExtricationEMS rescue

Remote rescueFirst responseForcible entryCollapsed rescueLaw EnforcementProtester releaseConfined space rescueNatural disastersBuilding demolitionMarine Emergency Secure

Portable Rescue Tool Highlights:Electro-Hydraulic systemLi-Ion batteryUnprecedented mobilityNo setup timeNo hoses, no power cordsNo big and remote hydraulic pumpsNo power packsNo gasoline

Automated external defibrillatorFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An automated external defibrillator, open and ready for pads to be attached

An automated external defibrillator orAED is aportableelectronic device that automaticallydiagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmiasofventricular fibrillation and
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ventricular tachycardiain apatient,[1] and is able to treat them through defibrillation, theapplication of electrical therapy which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to reestablish aneffective rhythm.

The first AED was originally designed and created by American biomedical engineer Joshua L.

Koelker and Italian emergency medical professional Jordan M. Blondino to allow defibrillationin common public places. AEDs are designed to be simple to use for the layman, and the use ofAEDs is taught in many first aid,first responder, andbasic life support (BLS) level CPRclasses.[2]

Contents

[hide]

1 Usageo 1.1 Conditions that the Device Treats

o 1.2 Effect of Delayed Treatmento 1.3 Requirements for use

2 Placement and Availability 3 Preparation for operation 4 Mechanism of operation 5 Simplicity of use 6 Liability 7 References 8 External links

9 See also

[edit] Usage

[edit] Conditions that the Device Treats

An automated external defibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmiaswhichlead to cardiac arrest. The rhythms that the device will treat are usually limited to:
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1. Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (shortened to VT or V-Tach)[1]

2. Ventricular fibrillation (shortened to VF or V-Fib)

In each of these two types of shockable cardiac arrhythmia, the heart is active, but in a life-threatening, dysfunctional pattern. Inventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to

effectively pump blood. Ultimately, ventricular tachycardia leads toventricular fibrillation. Inventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing theventricle from effectively pumping blood. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, andwill eventually reachasystole.

AEDs, like all defibrillators, are not designed to shockasystole ('flat line' patterns) as this willnot have a positive clinical outcome. The asystolic patient only has a chance of survival if,through a combination ofCPRand cardiac stimulant drugs, one of the shockable rhythms can beestablished, which makes it imperative for CPR to be carried out prior to the arrival of adefibrillator.

[edit] Effect of Delayed Treatment

Uncorrected, these cardiac conditions (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole)rapidly lead to irreversiblebrain damage and death. After approximately three to five minutes,[3]

irreversible brain/tissue damage may begin to occur. For every minute that a person in cardiacarrest goes without being successfully treated (by defibrillation), the chance of survival decreasesby 7 percent per minute in the first minutes, and decreases by 10 percent per minute as timeadvances beyond ~3 minutes.[4]

[edit] Requirements for use

AEDs are designed to be used by laypersons who ideally should have received AED training.This is in contrast to more sophisticated manual and semi-automatic defibrillators used by healthprofessionals, which can act as apacemakerif the heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) andperform other functions which require a skilled operator able to readelectrocardiograms.

Bras with a metal underwire and piercings on the torso must be removed before using the AEDon someone to avoid interference.[5][6]American TV show Mythbusters found evidence that use ofa defibrillator on a woman wearing an underwire bra can lead to arcing or fire but only inunusual and unlikely circumstances.

A study analyzed the effects of having AEDs immediately present during Chicago's Heart Start

program over a two year period. Of 22 individuals 18 were in a cardiac arrhythmia which AEDscan treat (Vfib or Vtach). Of these 18, 11 survived. Of these 11 patients, 6 were treated by goodSamaritan bystanders with absolutely no previous training in AED use.[7][8]

[edit] Placement and Availability
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An AED at a railway station in Japan.

Automated external defibrillators are generally either held by trained personnel who will attendevents or are public access units which can be found in places including corporate andgovernmentoffices, shopping centres, airports,restaurants,casinos, hotels,sports stadiums,schools anduniversities, community centers, fitness centers, health clubs, workplaces and anyother location where people may congregate.

Maimonides Medical Centerin Borough Park, Brooklyn was the first hospital in the UnitedStates to implement fully automated external defibrillators at the bedside.[9]

The location of a public access AED should take in to account where large groups of peoplegather, regardless of age or activity. Children as well as adults may fall victim to sudden cardiacarrest (SCA)

In many areas, emergency vehicles are likely to carry AEDs, with some ambulances carrying anAED in addition to manual defibrillators. Police or fire vehicles often carry an AED forfirstresponderuse. Some areas have dedicated community first responders, who are volunteers taskedwith keeping an AED and taking it to any victims in their area. AEDs are also increasinglycommon on commercial airliners, cruise ships, and other transportation facilities.

High-rise buildings are densely populated, but are more difficult to access by emergency crewsfacing heavy traffic and security barriers. It has been suggested that AEDs carried on elevatorscould save critical minutes for cardiac arrest victims, and reduce their deployment cost.
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In order to make them highly visible, public access AEDs are often brightly colored, and aremounted in protective cases near the entrance of a building. When these protective cases areopened or the defibrillator is removed, some will sound a buzzer to alert nearby staff to theirremoval, though this does not necessarily summon emergency services; trained AED operatorsshould know to phone for an ambulance when sending for or using an AED. In September 2008,

the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation issued a 'universal AED sign' to be adoptedthroughout the world to indicate the presence of an AED, and this is shown on the right.[10]

A trend that is developing is the purchase of AEDs to be used in the home, particularly by thosewith known existing heart conditions.[11] The number of devices in the community has grown asprices have fallen to affordable levels. There has been some concern among medicalprofessionals that these home users do not necessarily have appropriate training,[12]and manyadvocate the more widespread use of community responders, who can be appropriately trainedand managed.

Typically, an AED kit will contain a face shield for providing a barrier between patient and first

aider during rescue breathing; a pair ofnitrile rubbergloves; a pair oftrauma shears for cuttingthrough a patient's clothing to expose the chest; a small towel for wiping away any moisture onthe chest, and a razor for shaving those with very hairy chests.[13]

[edit] Preparation for operation

Most manufacturers recommend checking the AED before every period of duty or on a regularbasis for fixed units. Some units need to be switched on in order to perform a self check; othermodels have a self check system built in with a visible indicator.[citation needed]

All manufacturers mark their electrode pads with an expiration date, and it is important to ensure

that the pads are in date. This is usually marked on the outside of the pads. Some models aredesigned to make this date visible through a 'window', although others will require the openingof the case to find the date stamp.[citation needed]

It is also important to ensure that the AED unit's batteries have not expired. The AEDmanufacturer will specify how often the batteries should be replaced.

[edit] Mechanism of operation
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The use of easily visible status indicator and pad expiration date on one model of AED

An AED is externalbecause the operator applies the electrode pads to the barechest of thevictim, as opposed to internal defibrillators, which have electrodessurgically implanted insidethe body of a patient.

Automatic refers to the unit's ability to autonomously analyse the patient's condition, and to assistthis, the vast majority of units have spoken prompts, and some may also have visual displays toinstruct the user.

When turned on or opened, the AED will instruct the user to connect the electrodes (pads) to the

patient. Once the pads are attached, everyone should avoid touching the patient so as to avoidfalse readings by the unit. The pads allow the AED to examine the electrical output from theheart and determine if the patient is in a shockable rhythm (eitherventricular fibrillation orventricular tachycardia). If the device determines that a shock is warranted, it will use the batteryto charge its internal capacitor in preparation to deliver the shock. This system is not only safer(charging only when required), but also allows for a faster delivery of the electrical current.

When charged, the device instructs the user to ensure no one is touching the patient and then topress a button to deliver the shock; human intervention is usually required to deliver the shock tothe patient in order to avoid the possibility of accidental injury to another person (which canresult from a responder or bystander touching the patient at the time of the shock). Depending on

the manufacturer and particular model, after the shock is delivered most devices will analyze thepatient and either instruct CPR to be given, or administer another shock.

Many AED units have an 'event memory' which store the ECG of the patient along with detailsof the time the unit was activated and the number and strength of any shocks delivered. Someunits also have voice recording abilities[citation needed] to monitor the actions taken by the personnelin order to ascertain if these had any impact on the survival outcome. All this recorded data canbe either downloaded to a computer or printed out so that the providing organisation or
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responsible body is able to see the effectiveness of both CPR and defibrillation. Some AED unitseven provide feedback on the quality of the compressions provided by the rescuer[14]

The first commercially available AEDs were all of a monophasic type, which gave a high-energyshock, up to 360 to 400joulesdepending on the model. This caused increased cardiac injury and

in some cases second and third-degree burns around the shock pad sites. Newer AEDs(manufactured after late 2003) have tended to utilise biphasic algorithms which give twosequential lower-energy shocks of 120 - 200 joules, with each shock moving in an oppositepolarity between the pads. This lower-energy waveform has proven more effective in clinicaltests, as well as offering a reduced rate of complications and reduced recovery time.[15]

[edit] Simplicity of use

Usual placement of pads on chest

Unlike regulardefibrillators, an automated external defibrillator requires minimal training to use.It automatically diagnoses the heart rhythm and determines if a shock is needed. Automaticmodels will administer the shock without the user's command. Semi-automatic models will tellthe user that a shock is needed, but the user must tell the machine to do so, usually by pressing abutton. In most circumstances, the user cannot override a "no shock" advisory by an AED. SomeAEDs may be used on children - those under 55 lbs (25 kg) in weight or under age 8. If a

particular model of AED is approved for pediatric use, all that is required is the use of moreappropriate pads.

All AEDs approved for use in the United States use an electronic voice to prompt users througheach step. Because the user of an AED may be hearing impaired, many AEDs now include visualprompts as well. Most units are designed for use by non-medical operators. Their ease of use hasgiven rise to the notion of public access defibrillation (PAD), which experts agree has thepotential to be the single greatest advance in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest sincethe invention ofCPR.[16]

[edit] LiabilityAutomated external defibrillators are now easy enough to use that moststatesin the UnitedStates include the "good faith" use of an AED by any person underGood Samaritan laws.[17]

"Good faith" protection under a Good Samaritan law means that a volunteer responder (notacting as a part of one's occupation) cannot be held civilly liable for the harm or death of a victimby providing improper or inadequate care, given that the harm or death was not intentional andthe responder was acting within the limits of their training and in good faith. In the United States,
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Good Samaritan laws provide some protection for the use of AEDs by trained and untrainedresponders.[18] AEDs create little liability if used correctly;[19] NREMT-B and many state EMTtraining and many CPR classes incorporate or offer AED education as a part of their program. Inaddition to Good Samaritan laws, Ontario, Canada also has the "Chase McEachern Act (HeartDefibrillator Civil Liability), 2007 (Bill 171 Subsection N)", passed in June, 2007,[20] which

protects individuals from liability for damages that may occur from their use of an AED to savesomeone's life at the immediate scene of an emergency unless damages are caused by grossnegligence.

Cardiac event monitor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Cardiac monitor)

A cardiac event monitor is a device used to monitor patients with transient cardiac symptoms.

There are two broad classifications for cardiac event monitors: manual (or dumb) and automatic.Automatic ECG event monitors such have the ability to monitor the patient's ECG and makerecordings of abnormal events without requiring patient intervention. Manual ECG eventrecorders require patient to be symptomatic and to activate the device to record an event; thismakes these devices useless whilst, for example, the patient is sleeping.

An example is the transtelephonic cardiac event monitor. This monitor contacts ECGtechnicians, via telephone, on a regular basis transmittingECG rhythms for ongoing monitoring.The transtelephonic cardiac event monitor can normally store approximately five "cardiacevents" usually lasting 3060 seconds.

[edit] Example

Pulse oximetry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged intoPulse oximeter. (Discuss)Proposed since May 2011.
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Pulse oximeter

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of apatient'shemoglobin.

A sensor is placed on a thin part of the patient's body, usually afingertip orearlobe, or in thecase of an infant, across a foot. Light at red (660nm) and infrared(940nm) wavelengths is passedsequentially through the patient to a photodetector. The changing absorbance at each of the twowavelengths is measured, allowing determination of the absorbances due to the pulsingarterialblood alone, excluding venous blood, skin, bone, muscle, fat, and (in most cases) fingernailpolish.[1] Based upon the ratio of changingabsorbance of the red and infrared light caused by thedifference in color between oxygen-bound (bright red) and oxygen-unbound (dark red or blue, insevere cases) blood hemoglobin, a measure ofoxygenation(the percentage of hemoglobinmolecules bound with oxygen molecules) can be made.

Contents

[hide]

1 Indication 2 History 3 Limitations 4 See also 5 References

6 External links

[edit] Indication

Pulse oximetry data is necessary whenever a patient's oxygenation may be unstable, as inintensive care,critical care, and emergency department areas of a hospital. Data can also beobtained frompilotsin unpressurized aircraft,[2] and for assessment of any patient's oxygenationinprimary care. It is also very commonly used in the evaluation of the need for and theefficiency of the treatment ofsleep apnea usingpositive airway pressure.[3] A patient's need foroxygen is essential to life; no human life thrives in the absence of oxygen (cellular or gross).Although pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygenation, it cannot determine the metabolism of
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oxygen, or the amount of oxygen being used by a patient. For this purpose, it is necessary to alsomeasure carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. It is possible that pulse oximetry can also be used to detectabnormalities in ventilation. However, detection ofhypoventilationis impaired by the use ofsupplemental oxygen, as it is only when patients breathe room air that abnormalities inrespiratory function can be detected reliably. Therefore, the routine administration of

supplemental oxygen may be unwarranted if the patient is able to maintain adequate oxygenationin room air, since it can result in hypoventilation going undetected. [citation needed]

[edit] History

In 1935 Matthes developed the first 2-wavelength ear O2 saturation meter with red and greenfilters, later switched to red and infrared filters. This was the first device to measure O2saturation.[4]

In 1949 Wood added a pressure capsule to squeeze blood out of ear to obtain zero setting in aneffort to obtain absolute O2 saturation value when blood was readmitted. The concept is similar

to today's conventional pulse oximetry but was hard to implement because of unstablephotocellsand light sources. This method is not used clinically. In 1964 Shaw assembled the first absolutereading ear oximeter by using eight wavelengths of light. Commercialized by Hewlett Packard,its use was limited to pulmonary functions and sleep laboratories due to cost and size.[citation needed]

Pulse oximetry was developed in 1974, by Takuo Aoyagi and Michio Kishi, bioengineers, atNihon Kohden using the ratio of red to infrared light absorption of pulsating components at themeasuring site. Susumu Nakajima, a surgeon, and his associates first tested the device inpatients, reporting it in 1975.[5] It was commercialized by Biox in 1981 and Nellcor in 1983. Bioxwas founded in 1979, and introduced the first pulse oximeter to commercial distribution in 1981.Biox initially focused on respiratory care, but when the company discovered that their pulse

oximeters were being used in operating rooms to monitor oxygen levels, Biox expanded itsmarketing resources to focus on operating rooms in late 1982. A competitor,Nellcor(now partofCovidien, Ltd.), began to compete with Biox for the US operating room market in 1983. Priorto its introduction, a patient's oxygenation could only be determined by arterial blood gas, asingle-point measurement that takes a few minutes of processing by a laboratory. (In the absenceof oxygenation, damage to the brainstarts within 5 minutes withbrain deathensuing withinanother 1015 minutes). In the US alone, approximately $2 billion was spent annually on thismeasurement. With the introduction of pulse oximetry, a non-invasive, continuous measure ofpatient's oxygenation was possible, revolutionizing the practice of anesthesia and greatlyimproving patient safety. Prior to its introduction, studies in anesthesia journals estimated USpatient mortality as a consequence of undetected hypoxemia at 2,000 to 10,000 deaths per year,

with no known estimate of patient morbidity.[citation needed]

By 1987, the standard of care for the administration of a general anesthetic in the US includedpulse oximetry. From the operating room, the use of pulse oximetry rapidly spread throughoutthe hospital, first to the recovery room, and then into the various intensive care units. Pulseoximetry was of particular value in the neonatal unit where the patients do not thrive withinadequate oxygenation, but also can be blinded with too much oxygen. Furthermore, obtainingan arterial blood gas from a neonatal patient is extremely difficult.[citation needed]
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In 1995, Masimo introduced Signal Extraction Technology (SET) that could measure accuratelyduring patient motion and low perfusion. Some have termed newer generation pulse oximetrytechnologies as high resolution pulse oximetry (HRPO).[6][7][8] One area of particular interest isthe use of pulse oximetry in conducting portable and in-homesleep apneascreening and testing.[6][9]

In 2009, the world's first Bluetooth-enabled fingertip pulse oximeter was introduced byNoninMedical, enabling clinicians to remotely monitor patients pulses and oxygen saturation levels. Italso allows patients to monitor their own health through online patient health records and hometelemedicine system.[10]

[edit] Limitations

Pulse oximetry measures solely of oxygenation, not ventilation, and it is not a substitute forblood gaseschecked in a laboratory because it gives no indication of base deficit, carbon dioxidelevels, bloodpH, or bicarbonate HCO3-concentration. The metabolism of oxygen can be readily

measured by monitoring expired CO2. Saturation figures also give no information about bloodoxygen content. Most of the oxygen in the blood is carried by hemoglobin. In severe anemia, theblood will carry less total oxygen, despite the hemoglobin being 100% saturated.

Falsely low readings may be caused by hypoperfusionof the extremity being used for monitoring(often due to the part being cold or from vasoconstriction secondary to the use of vasopressoragents); incorrect sensor application; highly calloused skin; and movement (such as shivering),especially during hypoperfusion. To ensure accuracy, the sensor should return a steady pulseand/or pulse waveform. Falsely high or falsely low readings will occur when hemoglobin isbound to something other than oxygen. In cases ofcarbon monoxide poisoning, the falsely highreading may delay the recognition ofhypoxemia(low blood oxygen level). Methemoglobinemia

characteristically causes pulse oximetry readings in the mid-80s. Cyanide poisoningcan alsogive a high reading because it reduces oxygen extraction from arterial blood (the reading is notfalse, as arterial blood oxygen is indeed high in early cyanide poisoning).

Pulse oximetry only reads the percentage of bound hemoglobin. Hemoglobin can be bound toother gases such as carbon monoxide and still read high even though the patient is hypoxemic.The only noninvasive method that allows the continuous measurement of the dyshemoglobins isa pulse co-oximeter. Pulse co-oximetry was invented in 2005 by Masimo and currently allowsclinicians to measure total hemoglobin levels in addition to carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobinand PVI, which initial clinical studies have shown may provide clinicians with a new method fornoninvasive and automatic assessment of patient fluid volume status.[11][12][13] Appropriate fluid

levels are vital to reducing postoperative risks and improving patient outcomes as fluid volumesthat are too low (under hydration) or too high (over hydration) have been shown to decreasewound healing, increase risk of infection and cardiac complications .
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Infusion pump

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article does notcite any references or sources. Please helpimprove this article by

adding citations toreliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(December 2009)

A type of infusion pump, manufactured by Fresenius.

An infusion pumpinfuses fluids,medication ornutrients into apatient'scirculatory system. It isgenerally used intravenously, although subcutaneous,arterial and epiduralinfusions areoccasionally used.

Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive orunreliable if performed manually by nursing staff. For example, they can administer as little as0.1 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip), injections every minute, injections withrepeatedboluses requested by the patient, up to maximum number per hour (e.g. inpatient-controlled analgesia), or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day.

Because they can also produce quite high but controlledpressures, they can inject controlled

amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin), or epidurally (just within the surface of thecentral nervous system- a very popular local spinal anesthesia forchildbirth).

Contents

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1 Types of infusion
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2 Types of pump 3 Safety features available on some pumps 4 Safety issues 5 See also

6 References

[edit] Types of infusion

The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion from the technicianor nurse that sets them up:

Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion, usually between 500nanoliters and 10000 microliters, depending on the pump's design, with the rate of thesepulses depending on the programmed infusion speed.

Intermittent infusion has a "high" infusion rate, alternating with a low programmable

infusion rate to keep the cannula open. The timings are programmable. This mode isoften used to administerantibiotics, or other drugs that can irritate a blood vessel.

Patient-controlledis infusion on-demand, usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoidintoxication. The rate is controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated bythe patient. It is the method of choice forpatient-controlled analgesia (PCA), in whichrepeated small doses ofopioidanalgesicsare delivered, with the device coded to stopadministration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached.

Total parenteral nutrition usually requires an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes.

Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts can be scaled or controlled based on the time ofday. This allows forcircadian cycles which may be required for certain types of medication.

[edit] Types of pump
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A Baxter International Colleague CX infusion pump

There are two basic classes of pumps. Large volume pumps can pump nutrient solutions largeenough to feed a patient. Small-volume pumps infusehormones, such as insulin, or othermedicines, such as opiates.

Within these classes, some pumps are designed to be portable, others are designed to be used in ahospital, and there are special systems for charity and battlefield use.

Large-volume pumps usually use some form ofperistaltic pump. Classically, they use computer-controlled rollers compressing a silicone-rubber tube through which the medicine flows. Another

common form is a set of fingers that press on the tube in sequence.

Small-volume pumps usually use a computer-controlled motor turning a screw that pushes theplunger on a syringe.

The classic medical improvisation for an infusion pump is to place ablood pressure cuff arounda bag of fluid. The battlefield equivalent is to place the bag under the patient. The pressure on thebag sets the infusion pressure. The pressure can actually be read-out at the cuff's indicator. Theproblem is that the flow varies dramatically with the patient's blood pressure (or weight), and theneeded pressure varies with the administration route, potentially causing risk when attempted byan individual not trained in this method.

Places that must provide the least-expensive care often use pressurized infusion systems. Onecommon system has a purpose-designed plastic "pressure bottle" pressurized with a largedisposable plastic syringe. A combined flow restrictor, air filter and drip chamber helps a nurseset the flow. The parts are reusable, mass-produced sterile plastic, and can be produced by thesame machines that make plastic soft-drink bottles and caps. A pressure bottle, restrictor andchamber requires more nursing attention than electronically controlled pumps. In the areas wherethese are used, nurses are often volunteers, or very inexpensive.
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The restrictor and high pressure helps control the flow better than the improvised schemesbecause the high pressure through the small restrictor orifice reduces the variation of flow causedby patients' blood pressures.

An air filter is an essential safety device in a pressure infusor, to keep air out of the patients'

veins: doctors estimate that 0.55 cmof air perkilogram of body weight is enough to kill (200300 cm for adults) by filling the patient'sheart. Small bubbles could cause harm in arteries, butin the veins they pass through the heart and leave in the patients' lungs. The air filter is just amembrane that passes gas but not fluid orpathogens. When a large air bubble reaches it, it bleedsoff.

Some of the smallest infusion pumps use osmotic power. Basically, a bag of salt solution absorbswater through a membrane, swelling its volume. The bag presses medicine out. The rate isprecisely controlled by the salt concentrations and pump volume. Osmotic pumps are usuallyrecharged with a syringe.

Spring-powered clockwork infusion pumps have been developed, and are sometimes still used inveterinary work and for ambulatory small-volume pumps. They generally have one spring topower the infusion, and another for the alarm bell when the infusion completes.

Battlefields often have a need to perfuse large amounts of fluid quickly, with dramaticallychanging blood pressures and patient condition. Specialized infusion pumps have been designedfor this purpose, although they have not been deployed.

Many infusion pumps are controlled by a small embedded system. They are carefully designedso that no single cause of failure can harm the patient. For example, most have batteries in casethe wall-socket power fails. Additional hazards are uncontrolled flow causing an overdose,

uncontrolled lack of flow, causing an underdose, reverse flow, which can siphon blood from apatient, and air in the line, which can cause anair embolism.

SUCTION MACHINE

Typical Number in Hospital: 100 Cost Bands: 3,4 References: 2

This usually refers to a portable suction apparatus used in wards and theatres for aspirating fluidsand vomit from the mouth and airways, and from operation sites by sucking the material througha catheter into a bottle. The term could also apply to devices which operate from piped vacuum

supplies or bottle gas cylinders but is more commonly used to mean electric suction units whichcontain a vacuum pump (piston, diaphragm, or rotary vane), bacterial filter, vacuum gauge, trapfor moisture (or any debris accidentally drawn into the mechanism), a reservoir for the aspiratedmaterial, and a suction catheteror nozzle. They may be intended to provide high or low vacuum,and high and low flow rates. Low vacuum is used for post-operative wound drainage.

The main reservoir is usually a glass bottle with volume marks up the side and sometimes thishas a float valve so that the vacuum is cut off before the bottle becomes full enough to allow the
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contents to be drawn into the pipework of thepumping mechanism. However, frothing of thecontents can sometimes defeat the float valve mechanism.

They may sometimes be described as high-grade or low-grade suction machines, which relates tothe degree of vacuum achieved. High-grade suction machines are used for rapid aspiration of

fluids and debris (such as vomit), whereas low-grade machines are used for post-operativewound drainage.

Aspirator (medical device)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor other uses, see Aspirator (disambiguation).

This article may need to bewikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please helpby adding relevantinternal links, or by improving the article's layout. (July 2011)Click [show] on right for more details.[show]

Potain's aspirator

A medical aspirator is a small suction machine used to remove mucus and other bodily fluidsfrom a patient. These machines are often designed to be portable for use in ambulances andnursing homes, and can run on AC/DC or battery power. Major manufacturers include AlliedHealthcare (under the Gomcobrand) and Impact. In the past manually operated aspirators wereused such asPotain's aspirator.[1]
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