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PORT OPERATIONS
AND MANAGEMENT:
AN OVERVIEW
Vijay Hiranandani
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INTRODUCTION
Sea ports are historic, commercial andinfrastructural assets that form theac!one of national and re"ionaleconomies#
OUT$IN%&'ain features and operations of portsImportance of ports
%(olution of ports Types of ports)ort mana"ement
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Grain Terminal, Tilbury docks, UK.
http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/conMediaile.!"#!/Three$%&'container$ships$at$Tilbury$during$the$
(ugust$!)*+$docks$strike.html
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'*IN +%*TUR%S O)%R*TIONS O+ )ORTS&
)orts re-ect national herita"e, local commercialattitudes, practices, and la.s that di/er .idelyet.een nations#
)orts re0uire lon"1term, e2pensi(e, andspeciali3ed in(estments and resources thatrepresent a sustantial chun! of nationaleconomy#
)orts are lar"e ci(il en"ineerin" underta!in"sand a collection of acti(ities entailin" hu"e sun!
costs#
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The ad(ent of intermodalism has caused ports to
compete for car"oes# This has jolted usinesses toincrease port e5ciency and (alue1added acti(ities inrecent years#
Value1added acti(ities ran"e fromcar"o loadin" and dischar"in",industrial ser(ices in ports,cominin" and separatin" car"oes,up1to1date information on in(entory and car"o
mo(ements,stu5n"4de1stu5n" containers,loadin" car"o in crates and crates on pallets,
shrin!1.rappin", laelin", .ei"hin", repac!a"in"#
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Ci(il en"ineerin" features&Sea and land access
Infrastructures for ships erthin" unerthin"Road and rail net.or!sIndustrial area mana"ement
*dministrati(e functions&Control of all modes of (ehicles enterin" andlea(in" the port%n(ironmental controlDan"erous and ha3ardous car"o controlSafety and security .ithin the port areaImmi"ration, health, customs, and commercial
documentary control
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ong Kong -ort &ontainer Terminal
http://my.hktdc.com/photolib/showhk.aspid+*+++01
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Operational functions&
+acilitatin" arri(al and departure of ships)ro(idin" na(i"ational aids and Vessel Tra5cSeparation 6VTS7 facilities)ilota"e, tu""in" and moorin" acti(ities
Use of erths, sheds, etc$oadin", dischar"in", stora"e and distriutionof car"o+acilitatin" supply chain lo"istics andmana"ement
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WHY ARE SEAPORTS IMPORTANT8Seaports are a ha(en .ith facilities for erthin" andanchorin" ships and pro(idin" e0uipment for transfer
of "oods from ship1shore, shore1ship ship1ship#
)orts function as distriution centers9
industrial 3ones9ener"y supply ases9mercantile tradin" centers .ith an!s, ro!ers,
and traders9
urani3ation and city rede(elopment centers9life acti(ity ases in rural ports9maritime leisure ases in cruise passen"er ship
terminals9
pri(ate yacht marinas9
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Genoa, 2taly.
http://www.travel$mall.net/dbimg/location1.3pg
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)orts form a (ital aspect of the nationaltransport infrastructure#
)orts form the main transport lin! .ith theirinternational tradin" partners and are a focalpoint for national and re"ional motor.ays andrail.ays#
)orts are a lessin" for national prosperity :they pro(ide a "ate.ay for trade and attractcommercial infrastructure such as an!s,shippin" a"encies, frei"ht for.arders, ste(edores,etc#
)orts create a hustle and ustle of industrialacti(it #
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)orts are a focal point .ith shallo. .aters.here ships con(er"e therey ma!in" them(ulnerale to maritime accidents#
)orts are places .here (aluales areconcentrated and .here car"o can e dama"edor stolen durin" handlin"#
)orts are places .here repairs and4or plannedmaintenance is carried out on ships#
)orts are places .herecostly delays can occur,ships are sur(eyed,most shippin" ser(ices : a"ents, ro!ers, etc are located,car"oes come from, andcustoms and "o(ernment policies are implemented#
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Hamur" )ort, ;ermany
http&44...#maritimemar!et#ru4ima"es4hamur"#jp"
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%VO$UTION O+ )ORTS
)orts ha(e e(ol(ed o(er time
Their de(elopment phases can e classi?@s
Comprised of a asic car"o interfaceet.een land and sea transportIsolated from transport and tradeacti(ities
Resemled an independent !in"dom
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Second ;eneration )ort&Durin" =>?@s : =>A@s
They .ere de(eloped transport,industrial and commercial ser(ice centresO/ered (arious types of industrial andcommercial acti(ities
They re-ected sophisticated portpolicies and de(elopment strate"ies)ro(ided industrial facilities .ithin theport area
Bell de(eloped net.or! of transportinfrastructure They inte"rated di/erent acti(ities
and 3onal relationships
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Third ;eneration )ort&+rom =>A@ on.ards
*rose from "loal containeri3ation, inter1modalism, and oomin" trade re0uirements They are hus of international productionand distriution
Comine traditional, speciali3ed andinte"rated acti(itiesBell1planned infrastructure andinformation processin" facilities
O/er (alue1added ser(icesUser friendlyO/er simpli
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Na"oya )ort, apan
http&44...#iaph.orldports#or"4"allery4im"4Na"oyaEjp"#jp"
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DI++%R%NT TF)%S O+ )ORTSHu, center or me"a port : a major port dealin".ith international trade# %2ample& Rotterdam in
The Netherlands#
+eeder port : to feed and distriute car"o frommajor ports# %2ample& )ort Ri"a in $at(ia pro(ides
feeder ser(ice to Hamur" in ;ermany#
%ntrepot or transit port : ser(es as a transitport# %2ample& Gatumi seaport in ;eor"ia is atransit port for a3a!h and *3eraijan#
Domestic port : pro(ides a natural outlet for
surroundin" hinterland# %2ample& afaraad portin India#
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(n aerial view o4 5otterdam -ort in The 6etherlands
htt ://www.sk scra ercit .com/showthread. h t!17!0*8 a e75otterdam
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)orts last lon"er than ships and this re0uires the
port mana"ement to a(oid any costly lunders#
)orts are classi
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)orts are "o(erned y (arious types of oards
such as
Representati(e Goard : consistin" of personsrepresentin" interests concerned .ith port
operation
Goard of %2perts : consistin" of memers .ithpro(en e2pertise
T.o Tier Goards : consistin" of one tier to runthe port on day1to1day asis and other tier toplan and implement major policies
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)ort mana"ement aims to&
Operate .ith o(erall cost1leadership'inimi3e user payment y ensurin" 0uic!ship turno(er in port'inimi3e throu"h1transport costs
'inimi3e port costs
'a2imi3e ene
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mur" )ort, ;ermany
p&44...#iaph.orldports#or"4"allery4im"4mainporthamur"#jp"
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CONC$USION
)orts ha(e historical, commercial andinfrastructural si"ni
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References
*lderton )#'# 6=>>>7# )ort 'ana"ement
Operations# $ondon& $$)
;rammenos Costas Th# 6@@7# The Handoo! of'aritime %conomics and Gusiness# $ondon&
Informa )rofessional#