Port and Harbor Engineering

• Port and harbor engineers handle the design,construction, and operation of ports, harbors,canals, and other maritime facilities. This is notto be confused with marine engineering.

Capri harbor, Italy seen from Anacapri

• A harbor or harbour or haven, is a body of water whereships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormyweather, or else are stored for future use.

• Harbors can be natural or artificial. An artificial harbor hasdeliberately constructed breakwaters, sea walls, or jettys,or otherwise, they could have been constructed bydredging, and these require maintenance by furtherperiodic dredging. An example of the artificial harbor isLong Beach Harbor, California, which was an array of saltmarshes and tidal flats too shallow for modern merchantships before it was first dredged in the early 20th century.

• Harbors and ports are often confused with each other. Aport is a facility for loading and unloading vessels; portsare usually located in harbors.

Manila North Harbor

• Manila North Harbor (seaport code:MNN), occupying a 53-hectare area in Tondo, Manila and operated by the ManilaNorth Harbour Port Incorporated, has 7 piers namely Pier 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. North Harbor is accessible by road throughRadial Road 10. Modernization of the port facility involves theacquisition of heavy equipment, dredging operations,information technology, container terminal expansion and arecently completed North Port Passenger Terminal that canaccommodate more passengers, boost tourism in the country,and replace the old terminal.

Statistics

Year Cargo Tonnage Container Volume Passengers

2010 17,207,751 16,146,329 821,983

2011 17,806,136 18,442,473 728,662

2012 19,402,011 19,174,424 766,942

Manila South Harbor

• Manila South Harbor (seaport code:MNS), an 80-hectare port facilty located in Port Area, Manila andoperated by Asian Terminals Incorporated, has 5 piersnamely Pier 3, 5, 9, 13 and 15. It is accessible by roadthrough Bonifacio Drive has a passenger terminallocated between Pier 13 and 15 namely Eva MacapagalSuper Terminal. It also houses as the main hub of 2GOferry company. As of April 29, 2014, The managementhas installed a new Liebherr quay crane to increase theefficiency of Manila South Harbor.

Statistics

Year Cargo Tonnage Container Volume Passengers

2010 40,816,716 12,958,525 1,004,780

2011 44,067,826 12,612,780 816,839

2012 40,317,702 11,130,626 161,500

Manila International Container Terminal

• Manila International Container Terminal (seaport code:MNL) isoperated by International Container Terminal Services Inc. It isone of Asia's major seaports and one of the Philippines' mostactive ports. It is located between the Manila North Harbor andthe Manila South Harbor and can be accessed by road throughMICT South Access Road. In 2011, Manila InternationalContainer Terminal ranked 38th place in the List of world'sbusiest container ports with container traffic(TEU) of 3,260,000.Inaugurated on July 7, 2012, Berth 6 became fully operationaland increases the Port's annual capacity by 450,000 TEU's.

Statistics

Year Number of Vessel Cargo Tonnage Container Volume

2010 1,942 32,225,795 18,266,554

2011 1,941 34,377,129 18,689,936

2012 1,862 34,345,059 19,966,465

List of Ports in the Philippines

Ports

A port is a location on a coast or shore containingone or more harbors where ships can dock and transferpeople or cargo to or from land. Port locations areselected to optimize access to land and navigable water,for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind andwaves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but canhandle larger, more economical ships.

• The following is a list of major ports in the Philippines organizedby water mass. This list consists primarily of shipping ports, butalso includes some that are primarily or significantly devoted toother purposes: cruises, fishing, local delivery, and marinas.

The Port of ManilaThe Port of Manila (Filipino: Pantalan ng Maynila) refers to

the collective facilities and terminals that processes maritimetrade function in harbours that serves the Metro Manila Area . Itis located in the Port Area and Tondo area of Manila, Philippinesfacing the Manila Bay. It is the largest and the premierinternational shipping gateway to the country. The PhilippinePorts Authority, a government-owned corporation, manages thePort of Manila and most of the public ports in the country. It iscomposed of 3 major facilities namely Manila North Harbor,Manila South Harbor and the Manila International ContainerTerminal.

History• The Port of Manila and the area dates back to Spanishand pre-Spanish rule of the Philippine Islands. It isrecorded that Manila and the Philippines had traderelations with most neighboring countries at least asfar back as the 9th to 12th centuries. Major tradingpartners included China and Japan, with ties to Indiathrough the areas that are now Malaysia andIndonesia. The Spanish-controlled Port of Manilahandled trade primarily with China and other EastAsian countries, with Mexico, with Arab countries, anddirectly with Spain from the 16th to mid-19th centuryCE when the port was opened to all trade ships.Manila Bay was the setting for the Battle of Manila Bayin 1898 between United States and Spanish forces, andthe siege of Corregidor Island by invading Japaneseforces in 1942.

Location• The bay entrance is 19 kilometres (12 mi) wide and expands to awidth of 48 kilometres (30 mi). Mariveles, in the province of Bataan,is an anchorage just inside the northern entrance, and Sangley Pointis the former location of Cavite Naval Base. On either side of the bayare volcanic peaks topped with tropical foliage. 40 kilometres (25 mi)to the north is the Bataan Peninsula and to the south is the provinceof Cavite.

The skyline of Manila as seen from the top of a ship docked at the Manila North Harbor.

The Batangas International Port

The Batangas International Port or locally known as theBatangas Pier, is a seaport in Batangas City primarily serving theCALABARZON region of the Philippines. It was declared as anational port in 1956. It serves as an alternate port to the Port ofManila. In the 90's it was the second biggest port in thePhilippines in terms of revenue, just behind the Port ofManila.The District of Batangas, comprising the province ofQuezon, Aurora, Polilio Islands, Batangas, Marinduque, Orientaland Occidental Mindoro, Palawan, the Lubang and Cuyo Islands,Calamian Group, and all other islands within the jurisdition of thesaid provinces, in which Batangas City, shall be the principal portof entry. Its subport of entry are Puerto Princesa, Palawan andSiain (Plaridel), Quezon and Aurora.

Port of Batangas, the Philippines' largest oil port and a major ro-ro terminal.

Port of Matnog, the busiest passenger ferry terminal on

the AH-26.

Port of Cebu, the busiest seaport in the Philippines in

terms of annual passengers.

The Port of Cagayan de Oro

• Port of Cagayan de Oro in Macabalan area is located near theestuary of Cagayan de Oro River. It has an anchorage depth of18 meters and is around 400 meters from the shoreline. It hastwo authorized cargo-handling operators. With the recentcompletion of the P250 million rehabilitation project, the port isnow the biggest international and domestic seaport inMindanao.

• The Port of Cagayan de Oro (Macabalan Port) serves regularcities trips to and from Metro Manila, Cebu City, Tagbilaran,Bacolod, Dumaguete, Iloilo City and Jagna, Bohol.

Port of Cagayan de Oro.

The Port of Davao

The Port of Davao , or Davao Port (Filipino:Daungan ng Dabaw, Cebuano: Pantalan sa Dabaw), is aseaport located at Davao, Mindanao island in thePhilippines. The Port of Davao consists of a number ofports, all within the Davao Gulf which is part of theCelebes Sea, but its main office and seaport is located atBrgy. Sasa, Davao City. The Port of Davao is largelydominated by container cargo, raw materialsexportation, bulk cargo, general cargo and passengertraffic facilities.

Port of Davao, Mindanao's main gateway.

Davao Port, or the Port of Davao, is one of the Philippinesmajor seaports alongside Manila, Subic, Cebu, Zamboanga andothers. The Port of Davao, often called Port District of Davao,includes Davao City and the three provinces. Davao port servicesinterisland and international shipments. The city is situated 974kilometers south of Manila, on the shore of Davao Gulf. "Davao"also refers to three provinces: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur,and Davao Oriental. Davao City is located in Davao del Sur but ispolitically and administratively independent of the province. Theaccess to the port of entry in Davao City is through Davao Gulfwhich has two approaches. One is at Pakiputan Strait betweenDavao and the water west of Samal Island. The other approach isat the east side of Samal Island mainly used as an exit channel ofvessels departing from points north of Davao Gulf. Access to thesubport of entry in Mati, Davao Oriental is through Pujada Bay.The Davao Gulf is situated on the south coast of Mindanao, thesecond largest island in the Philippines.

• The port itself is the most important in Mindanao island and also hasthe most busiest international container port in both Visayas andMindanao. The port serves as the gateway to the southern Philippinesand is considered as the best-performing port in Mindanao. A numberof Passenger ship-lines operate to Davao, including WG&A Superferry.

History• The Port opened on 1900 for the international exportation ofagricultural products in then-Davao Province, mostly fromDavao City. It is opened for the prospectors and entrepreneursin the city to export their agricultural produce internationally.Due to the ever expanding economy of the city, it later becameone of the busiest seaports in the country.

• In World War II, the Port became a landing and anchor zone forAmerican naval forces participating in the battle for the city.

Facilities• Apart from the government pier and private pier, a number of piersand wharves exist in the Davao Port region specifically for commercialuse. Vessels awaiting berth availability anchor 450 meters off Sta pierin 12 fathoms mud. The anchorage is well protected except duringstrong southwest monsoon. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign-goingvessels with 100 GRT and over; and for domestic vessels with 75 GRTand over. Request for pilot should be made 24 hours in advance tothe Davao Pilots' Association.

• Davao City and the Port of Davao has 2 government internationalseaports, that of the Sasa International Port and the Sta. Ana Wharf,and 9 privately owned ports. The City Government is currently in theprocess of taking over the management of the seaports to modernizefacilities, such as 3 big modern quayside cranes and to expandcapacity. In addition, the Toril international Fish Port Complexaccommodates small and large-scale fishing activities as well asprovides among others cold-storage facilities.

• Below is a list of major piers and wharves within Davao Port.

The Port of Subic

The Port of Subic, Subic, Zambales, Philippines, islocated in the vicinity of Subic Bay, one of thePhilippines' finest harbors and most strategic base. ThePort of Subic is one of the busiest, largest, historical andmost important of the ports in the Philippines.

Port of Subic-the former US Navy base and now a major cruise and transhipment hub.

About• "Subic Port", or the "Port of Subic" or "Subic Bay Port" is one ofthe Philippines and South East Asia's Major Seaport's, and alsoone of the Philippine's Most Developed and busiest ports. ThePort area is located within the area known as the Subic BayFreeport Zone (SBF), which is known simply as Subic Bay. SubicBay, the Philippines' first free port, continues to be one of thecountry's major economic engines with more than 700investment projects, including the 4th largest shipbuildingfacility in the world (Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction(HHIC)). Currently upgrading its port facilities through the SubicBay Port Development Project and forging ties with the ClarkSpecial Economic Zone in Angeles City, Pampanga to form theSubic-Clark Corridor via the 45-kilometer Subic-Clark Toll Road.

The Port is operated and managed by the Subic BayMetropolitan Authority or SBMA. It covers the fenced area of theformer U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay located in the southwest ofLuzon Island in the Philippines surrounded by the municipality ofSubic and Olongapo City in Zambales, and Hermosa and Morongin Bataan in concurrence of their Sangguniang Bayan pursuant toSection 12 of RA 7227. The harbor is facing the ZambalesMountain Range in the west and the Subic Bay opening up to theSouth China Sea. It is northwest of the Bataan Peninsula andsouthwest of the Zambales Province. Subic Bay Freeport is 110kilometers north of Manila. Manila Bay and the Bataan Peninsulaseparate SBF from Manila. The mountain ranges around the SubicBay area and the deep natural harbor provide excellent andprotected anchorage. In addition, these features make the Port ofSubic naturally sheltered from typhoons as well as from theeffects of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.

• Subic Seaport has a natural harbor of up to 13.7 meterscovering a total area of 41 hectares. It has a total of 12operational piers and wharves. It presently has threecharacteristic container terminals, a fertilizer terminal at theBoton Wharf, a grains bulk terminal at the Leyte Wharf and ageneral containerized cargo terminal (Marine Terminal) at theSattler Pier.

• A new container terminal with two berths is now beingconstructed through the Subic Bay Port Development Project(SBPDP). The two new berths has a total capacity of 300,000TEUs each, enough to accommodate all types of sea vessels-from small crafts, commercial yachts, ferry boats to containervessels, cargo ships, oil tankers and aircraft carriers, even thePanamax and post-Panamax class container vessels