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Transcript of Populations. Biotic Interactions: Symbiosis Predation Competition Battle at Kruger Battle at...
![Page 1: Populations. Biotic Interactions: Symbiosis Predation Competition Battle at Kruger Battle at Kruger What interactions are happening here?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e6a5503460f94b67ed9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMS PART 3
Populations
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INTERACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS
Biotic Interactions: SymbiosisPredationCompetition
Battle at KrugerWhat interactions are happening here?
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COMPETITION
Intraspecific CompetitionMembers of the same species compete for
the same resource in an ecosystem.Ex: food, light, nutrients, space.Ex: two wolves compete for a rabbit.
Interspecific Competition Individuals of different species compete
for the same resource in an ecosystem.Ex: food or living space.Ex: cheetah and lion compete for zebra.
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THINK ABOUT IT...
Is there competition among plants?
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POPULATION
A group of organisms of one species that lives in the same place, at the same time, and can successfully reproduce.
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THINK ABOUT IT...
If all of the rocks are removed from a desert ecosystem, what would happen to the population of rock dwelling lizards, and in turn the animals which eat them?
A ten mile area of trees is removed from the tropical rainforest. How will this affect the amount of water and the amount of oxygen in the area?
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THINK ABOUT IT...
When does a population increase?
When does a population decrease?
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POPULATION
The size of the populations are continually adjusted by the species interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.
Populations tend to increase exponentially when there are abundant available resources.
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POPULATION GROWTH
Exponential growthAccelerating population growth“J”-shaped graphUsually only occurs for a
short time under certain conditions Organism finds new habitat
with lots of resources When other pressures are
removed (i.e. hunting ban)
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POPULATION GROWTH
Population growth can’t happen forever. If resources are used up the species is
unable to survive long enough to reproduce.
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POPULATION GROWTH
As population rises, resources decline.
If the growth is too rapid, resources are rapidly depleted and a population crash can occur.
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POPULATION GROWTH
More often what happens is that the resources slowly decrease, the growth rate slowly increases, and they meet.Carrying CapacityThis is called an s-shaped
or logistic curve
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POPULATION DECLINE...
Swallow Population Decreasing in CanadaCBC NewsSeptember 15, 2014
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LIMITING FACTORS
Factors that limit the growth, distribution, or amount of a population in an ecosystem.
As a population increases in size, each individual has access to fewer resources, limiting the growth of the population.
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TYPES OF LIMITING FACTORS
Density Independent FactorsDo not depend on the number of members
in a population. Usually abiotic factors
Ex: natural phenomena, weather, fires, pollution, etc.
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TYPES OF LIMITING FACTORS
Density Dependent FactorsDo depend on the number of members in a
population.Usually biotic factors
Ex: disease, parasites, predation, competition
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CARRYING CAPACITY
The largest population of a species that can be supported by an environment.
Controlled by: Abiotic factorsBiotic factorsLimiting factors
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GRAPHING CARRYING CAPACITY
Population y axis (vertical) Time (year) x axis (horizontal)
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GRAPHING CARRYING CAPACITY
If the line of the graph is: Going up: population is increasingGoing down: population is decreasingHorizontal (flat): population is at its carrying
capacity for that species in that ecosystem.
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During which months is the population increasing?
What is the carrying capacity of hares in Sackville?
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When is the population at its carrying capacity?
What is happening to the population?