Population & Urbanization. Identify factors that affect the size & structure of populations &...
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Transcript of Population & Urbanization. Identify factors that affect the size & structure of populations &...
CHAPTER 16.1
Population & Urbanization
OBJECTIVES Identify factors that affect the
size & structure of populations & explain how sociologists measure these factors.
Summarize how sociologists explain population change & describe the programs that have been instituted to control population growth.
POPULATION the number
of people living in an area at a particular time
DEMOGRAPHY area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations
MEASURING POPULATION
CHANGE
BIRTHRATE annual number of live births per 1,000
members of the population
Live Births Birthrate = Total Population X 1,000
DEATH RATE annual deaths per
1,000 members of the population
mortality: number of deaths within society
infant mortality rate: annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 members of the population
MIGRATION RATE annual difference between in-
migration & out-migration
GROWTH RATE the rate at which a
country’s population is increasingcalculated by
subtracting the death rate from the birthrate
usually expressed as a percentage
EXPLAINING POPULATION CHANGE
Thomas Malthus geometric
progression of population vs. arithmetic progression of food supply
Malthusian checks/limits: war disease famine natural disasters
population is based on technological advancement (capital)
3 main stages: High BR, High DR High BR, Low DR Low BR, Low DR
zero-population growth = equal BR & DR
Demographic Transition Theory
Malthusian Theory
POPULATION CHANGE VIDEOS Malthus &
Geography
Demographic Transition: Visual Model
CONTROLLING POPULATION GROWTH
FAMILY PLANNING the conscious
decision by couples to have a certain number of children
antinatalism: official policies used to discourage couples from having children
ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENTS belief that better
health, higher levels of income & education will lower birthrates
some argue that economic redistribution would reduce poverty and allow this to happen
CHAPTER 16: CLASSWORK Page 419: #2-3 Page 431: #3-4 Page 432: #1-10 Identifying People &
Ideas Page 432: #1-5 Understanding Main
Ideas Page 433: #1-4 Building Social Studies
Skills
ACTIVITY:POPULATION CONTROL PROPOSAL Either on your own or with a partner, create a
proposal to be given to a group of world leaders on the topic of world population control.
Be sure to include your methods, a timetable, hypothesis on the effectiveness of your plan & a reasoning for your decision.
Your proposal should take the following into account: Ethics regarding war, infanticide & population
limitation Economic issues Practicality of implementation Response of the population (push back)