POPULATION THEORY - Ani...
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POPULATION THEORY Ani Mardiastuti
Transcript of POPULATION THEORY - Ani...
POPULATION THEORY
Ani Mardiastuti
Species
InformationPopulation
How many?
Too small Too big
FRAMEWORK OF THINKING
Population theory
Inventory
Literature study
Why?
Po
licy
. D
eci
sio
n.
Act
ion
s
Too small
Just about
right
Too big
Conservation
criteria
Pop. control
Pop. monitoring
Pop. management
Habitat mgmt
IUCN criteria Protection criteria
Trade criteria Species priority
Po
licy
. D
eci
sio
n.
Act
ion
s
Small pop. theory
Harvest mgmt
1 Nycticebus javanicus Kukang jawa
2 Nycticebus coucang Kukang
3 Tarsius spectrum Tarsius
4 Tarsius pumillus Tangkasi
5 Tarsius dianae Tarsius
6 Tarsius sangiriensis Tarsius
7 Tarsius bancanus Mentilin
8 Macaca fascicularis Monyet ekor-panjang
9 Macaca nemestrina Beruk
LIST OF INDONESIAN PRIMATES
9 Macaca nemestrina Beruk
10 Macaca pagensis Beruk mentawai
11 Macaca maura Monyet hitam dare
12 Macaca nigra Monyet sulawesi
13 Macaca nigrescens Monyet dihe
14 Macaca heckii Kera ekor pendek
15 Macaca tonkeana Monyet jambul
16 Macaca ochreata Monyet hitam sulawesi
17 Macaca brunnescens Monyet sulawesi
18 Macaca togeanus Fonti
19 Presbytis comata Surili
20 Presbytis fredericae Rekrekan
21 Presbytis femoralis Kokah
22 Presbytis frontata Lutung dahi putih
23 Presbytis melalophos Simpai
24 Presbytis potenziani Lutung mentawai
25 Presbytis rubicunda Lutung merah
26 Presbytis siamensis Surili paha putih
27 Presbytis hosei Lutung banggat
28 Presbytis thomasi Rungka
29 Trachypithecus auratus Lutung budeng
30 Trachypithecus larvatus Bekantan30 Trachypithecus larvatus Bekantan
31 Nasalis larvatus Bekantan
32 Simias concolor Monyet simakobu
33 Hylobates moloch Owa jawa
34 Hylobates mulleri Owa kelawat
35 Hylobates agilis Ungko
36 Hylobates klosii Siamang kerdil
37 Hylobates lar Wau-wau
38 Symphalagus syndactylus Siamang
39 Pongo pygmaeus Orangutan kalimantan
40 Pongo abelli Orangutan sumatera
Challenge in
Taxonomy of Indonesian
Primates
Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
Genus Tarsius
T. syrichta group
Western Tarsier Tarsius bancanus
Philippine Tarsier Tarsius syrichta
T. tarsier group
Dian’s Tarsier Tarsius dentatusDian’s Tarsier Tarsius dentatus
Lariang Tarsier Tarsius lariang
Peleng Tarsier Tarsius pelengensis
Sangihe Tarsier Tarsius sangirensis
Spectral Tarsier Tarsius tarsier
Siau Island Tarsier Tarsius tumpara
Pygmy TarierTarsius pumilus
Wallace Tarsier Tarsius wallacei
T. tumpara
T. lariang
T. dentatus
T. tumpara
New species?
Population
group of individuals belonging to the same
species that inhabit a specific geographic species that inhabit a specific geographic
location at a specific point in time
Population
• A cluster of individuals with a high probability
of mating with each other compared to their
probability of mating with a member of some
other population (Pianka 1983)other population (Pianka 1983)
• All organisms involved in a gene pool:
Mendelian population (demes)
• Mendelian population � groups of organisms
with a substantial amount of genetic exchange
Mendelian Population
● Based on gene pool
● All organism involved in a gene pool :
Mendelian population (demes)
Concept of “space” in Mendelian population● Concept of “space” in Mendelian population
● Classic population vs Mendelian population
● Habitat barrier in Mendelian populatian
concept
Barrier and Mendelian Population
Separate population?
How do we define a population?
How do we define a population?
How do we define a population?
Population Parameters
� individual vs population
� Population parameters
● birth rates
● death rates
● age structures● age structures
● sex ratios
● gene frequencies
● genetic variability
● growth rates
● densities
Some Important Terminologies
● open vs closed population
● abundance
● population size
● dispersion
● natality
●mortality●mortality
●migration
● iteroparity vs semelparity
● fecundity (potential) vs fertility (actual)
● reproductive succes
● fitness
● density dependent vs density independent factors
Population Growth and Regulation
Population Growth and Regulation
geometric
(exponential;
J-shaped)
logistic
(sigmoid;
S-shaped)
Population Overshoot
In reality … (Parus major in NL)
K?
Discussion Points about K
• How to determine or estimate K?
• How do we know that we already reach K?
• K: does it always constant?
• If not, what factors affect K? Can we • If not, what factors affect K? Can we
manipulate K?
• How do we estimate K for a certain
community (instead of individual)?
Understanding Population
� Populasi
● species
● space
● time
� Spesies
●“definition”●“definition”
● interbreeding
� Space
● boundary
●minimum size
� Time
● time limit/duration
