Population Structure - Wingate Geographywingategeog.weebly.com/.../_population_ppt2.pdf ·...
Transcript of Population Structure - Wingate Geographywingategeog.weebly.com/.../_population_ppt2.pdf ·...
Population Structure
Lesson Objectives•Describe the Demographic Transition Model•Suggest reasons behind the shifts in birth rate and death rate shown•Explain how a country’s population pyramid changes as a country develops
What do you think?
• With a partner discuss the following key terms, what do you think they mean?
• Birth Rate
• Death Rate
• Natural Increase
• Infant Mortality Rate
• Life Expectancy
KEY TERMS
• BIRTH RATE is the number of babies born per thousand of the population per year
• DEATH RATE is the number of people who die per thousand of the population per year
• NATURAL INCREASE is where the birth rate is higher than the death rate so the population increases
• INFANT MORTALITY RATE is the number of babies born who die before their 1st birthday
• LIFE EXPECTANCY is the average age which people in that country live to
Uneven Population Growth
• Write a paragraph to compare rates of growth in African countries with those in Europe.
• Give examples of countries and growth rates to back up the points you are making
Why does the population change?
• The total population of an area is the balance between 2 forces of change
• natural increase
• migration
What do you think?
• What do you think happens to the birth and death rate of a country as it develops
!
• What do you think decreases first birth rate or death rate?
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
The Demographic Transition Model
• For years geographers have been interested with how the population of countries is so different
• They identified that as a country changes so does their population
• So they created a model to show how as countries develop they pass through different phases of population growth
• They called this model the Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition Model
Death Rate Birth Rate
Natural Increase
Natural Decrease
STAGE 1 - high stationary
• Low population
• increasing very slowly
•High birth rate
•High death rate
• e.g. Amazonian Tribes
STAGE 2 - early expanding
•Population growing at a faster rate
•High birth rate
•Decreasing death rate
• e.g. Cambodia
STAGE 2 - late expanding
•Population still increasing, but rate of increase is slowing down
•Decreasing birth rate
• Low death rate
• e.g. Chile
STAGE 2 - low stationary
•High population, almost stable
• Low birth rate
• Low death rate
• e.g USA
STAGE 2 - declining?
•Birth rates continue to decrease
•Now seeing natural decrease in some countries
• This can lead to ageing populations
• e.g. Japan
Questions about the DTM
Discuss the following with a partner and then answer them in your books
1.What is the key change between phase 1 and 2? Why do you think this happens?
2.What is the key change between phase 2 and 3? Why do you think this happens?
EXTENSION TASK
3.What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of this model?
HINT: think about which countries this works for; the rate of change in some countries; role of migration; reasons for change
Displaying Population
• We now know all about how population has grown over time, where it is distributed and how countries change as they develop
• BUT is it just the number of people in a country that we need to know
• What other population data would be useful to know?
Population Pyramids
• These show the composition of a countries population looking at gender and age
• Which do you think is Ethiopia and which is the UK?
Population Pyramids
• Draw two simple sketches of these pyramids (they can be outlines)
• Describe what the pyramid for Ethiopia shows
• Think about the birth rate and reasons for it
• Think about the death rate and reasons for it
• Now write a comparison to the UK’s pyramid
Dividing up the population
• What categories (age groups) would you divide the population into?
ACTIVITIES
•Complete questions 3, 4 and 6 on pages 20-21
What have you learnt?
• Write a question related to what we have covered in the lesson today
• Pass this question to your partner who must answer it in a different colour
• Now collect your book and mark the answer