Population Genetic
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Transcript of Population Genetic
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Population Genetic
• Hardy-Wienberg Law• Genetic drift• Inbreeding• Genetic Bottleneck• Outbreeding• Founder event• Effective population size• Gene flow
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Population Genetics
• Genotype, phenotype
• locus, genotype frequency, allele frequency
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Determining the genotype for an enzyme in a fish.
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IDHP (isocitrate dehydrogenase) from a grasshopper
Individuals
1 2 3 . . .
AA
aa
Aa
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Genotype and Phenotype• Genotypes AA, aa (Homozygous), Aa (Heterozygous)• Phenotype trait X = AA and Aa , trait Y = aa• Alleles A and a
• If p = proportion of allele A and if q = proportion of allele a• Then p+q = 1• Knowing p and q the Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium gives the
expected frequency of the three genotypes as:
• (p+q)2 = p2 +2pq + q2 = 1 AA = p2, aa = q2 and Aa = 2pq
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Hardy-Wienberg EquilibriumAssumptions
• Population size is very large• Random mating is occurring• No mutation is taking place• No immigration (geneflow)• No selection is occurring
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Genetic drift
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Inbreeding
A alleles common by descent
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• Effective population size• Founder effect• Genetic bottleneck• Outbreeding depression• Gene flow