Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one...
-
Upload
michael-ross -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one...
![Page 1: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Population Ecology
Chapter 4
![Page 2: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GPS
• SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
• d. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power consumption.
![Page 3: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time.
A desert oasis
![Page 4: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Organisms within a community adapt to the conditions in which they live.
• These conditions are often abiotic factors
• Communities are often stable but may evolve and change over time.
![Page 5: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Keeps a population in check.
Doesn’t allow unlimited growth.
Limiting factors include:
Food, water, shelter/ habitat, mates
Organism compete for these limited resources
![Page 7: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Population Dynamics
Populations of species are described by density,
spatial distribution, and growth rate
![Page 8: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Population Characteristics
Population Density
The number of individuals per unit area
Spatial Distribution
The pattern of spacing of a population
![Page 9: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Population Ranges
• Populations can not live in all environments
• Abiotic conditions effect the range of environments in which a population can live
• A species might not be able to expand its population range because it cannot survive the abiotic conditions found in the expanded region.
![Page 10: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Population Limiting FactorsThere are two categories of limiting factors
1. density-independent factors Any factor in the environment that does not depend
on the number of members in a population per unit area
2. density-dependent factorsAny factor in the environment that depends on the
number of members in a population per unit area
![Page 11: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Disease
Temperature
Competition
Parasites
Storms
Food
Habitat disruption
Drought
![Page 12: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Environmental limits to population growth
Density-dependent factors
disease, competition, parasites, and food
Density-independent factors
temperature, storms, floods, drought, habitat disruption
![Page 13: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• An upper limit and lower limit that define the conditions in which an organism can survive
• The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called tolerance.
![Page 14: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Population Growth Rates
![Page 16: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Exponential growth
As the population gets large it also grows faster
Reasons this occurs:
1. Initial increase is slow because few breeding individuals
2. As individuals mature, reproducing individuals increases.
Time
Pop
ulat
ion
size
![Page 17: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Exponential growth is not realistic
Populations tend to grow until some environmental condition stops growth
Time
Pop
ulat
ion
size
This is called Logistic Population Growth!!
![Page 19: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Carrying capacity and Limiting factors
Keeps a population in check.
Doesn’t allow unlimited growth.
Limiting factors include:
Food, water, shelter/ habitat, mates
Organism compete for these limited resources
![Page 21: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Reproductive patterns
Species of organisms vary in:
the number of births per reproduction cycle
the age that reproduction begins,
the life span of the organism
![Page 22: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What causes a population to grow
Number of births is greater than the number of deaths
Immigration exceeds Emigration.
![Page 23: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What causes a population’s numbers to decrease?
Number of births is less than the number of deaths
Emigration exceeds immigration.
![Page 24: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2 Reproductive Patterns• K-strategist
– Little environmental change– Generally large organisms– Long life spans– Few offspring with extended parent care
• R-strategist– Fluctuating abiotic factor occur– Generally small organisms– Short life span– Many offspring
![Page 25: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Elephants
Bacteria
Mice
Humans
Cows
Termites
Lions
Rabbits
![Page 26: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Demography- the study of human population growth characteristics.
• Age structure-proportions of a population that are at different age levels.
![Page 27: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Population Ecology Chapter 4. GPS SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca32a6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Predator prey relationships