PopulationPopulation

• Demography: study of human population

• 4 reasons why populations change:

1. Births (+)

2. Deaths (-)

3. Immigration (+)

4. Emigration (-)

Factors that affect population growth1.Birth Rates

2.Death Rates3.Infant Mortality Rates

4.Fertility Rates5.Migration

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Birth rate (BR)• # of births per 1000 people/year

Death rate (DR): • # of deaths per 1000 people/year

Infant mortality rate (IMR):

• # of infants per 1000 births who die b/4 the age of 1.

• Canada’s is 6.8 deaths/1000 births

Fertility Rates (FR):• Average number of live births for women

of childbearing age (15-45 years)• FR in Canada is 1.7 births per women• Global low – Germany with 1.4• Global high – Malawi with 7.7

Migration

Emigration:

• people leaving a country

Immigration: • people moving into a country

Population DensityPopulation Density

• People per square km (km2)

Total population = total area (km2)

Practice!Practice!

• Canada’s Population in 2007– 32,976,000

• Canada’s land Area in square square km– 9,093,507

32976000= 9093507

Factors Influencing Population Factors Influencing Population PatternsPatterns

• Accessibility

• Climate

• Soils

• Jobs

• Markets

• service

• Canada’s density is 3.3 people per km2 • USA’s pop. density is 29.5• Hong Kong’s pop. density is 6436• China’s pop. Density is 139

Canada Compared to the WorldCanada Compared to the World

Population DistributionPopulation Distribution

• Pattern of the population

i.e. different age groups don’t have the same # of people

Canada doesn’t have an evenly distributed population

Patterns of Population Patterns of Population DistributionDistribution

• Linear (along highways, railways, water)

• Dispersed (scattered)

• Concentrated (all cities)

Where do we live?Where do we live?

• Mostly in southern Canada

Why?

• Warmer climate (grow crops, good soil)

• Water (great lakes)

• Close to the USA– 72% live within 150 km’s of the USA– 85% live within 300 km’s of the USA

Why People Migrate?Why People Migrate?

1. Push Factors – reasons for leaving a country• Poor education• Bad government• No opportunity (job loss)• High taxes• War• No food• Poor health care

2. Pull Factors – reasons for entering a country

• Relatives

• Jobs/opportunities

• Climate

• No war

• Better health care

Barriers To MigrationBarriers To Migration

• Obstacles that discourage or even stop a person from immigrating

a) Immigration requirements

b) Distance

c) Cost of immigration

Where do Immigrants SettleWhere do Immigrants Settle

• Ont. (T.O.), B.C. (Vancouver), Quebec (Montreal), Alberta

• Ont. & B.C. are above the national average

Why?• Provide familiar services & products (jobs)• Cultural groups (China Town, Little Italy) –feels

like home• Language• Religious and cultural organizations

How To Get In?How To Get In?

• Federal government has the last word

• Rating system / point system (out of 100, 67 points gets you in)

Dependency LoadDependency Load

• Proportion of the population that must be supported by working adults

• 3 stages:

1. Children (0-15 years)

2. Working adults (16-64 years)

3. Older adults (65+)

• If there’s a lot of kids and seniors, the dependency load will be high, because they don’t work.

• Canada’s dependency load is around 30%

OverpopulationOverpopulation

• Environment is unable to support the present population

Problems• Food• Waste• Less work, more poverty• Not enough space (more high rises)• Resources used up

• There is enough food to feed everyone (several pounds/day)

Baby BoomBaby Boom

• b/n 1950-1964• Boom of babies• Most births in 1959• Very optimistic about the future (unemployment

was done, war was over)

Why did it end?• Contraceptive (pill)• Vietnam