Pope John XXIII signs the bull convoking the Second Vatican...
Transcript of Pope John XXIII signs the bull convoking the Second Vatican...
Vatican II
Gaudium et Spes Joy and Hope
1. To energize Catholics
2. To update Church institutions
3. To encourage unity of all Chrisitans
4. To reach out to the whole world Q
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Vatican II
“It is the goal of this most sacred council to intensify the daily
growth of Catholics in Christian living.”
“To nurture whatever can contribute to the unity of all
who believe in Christ.”
“The Council has special reasons for judging it a duty to provide
for the renewal and fostering of the Liturgy.”
Paul VI’s outline given in the opening speech of the 2nd session
QUICK REVIEW…continued
Who brought two major ideas to the council?
Ad Intra Ad Extra
Vatican II
Archbishop Suenens Pope John XXIII
1963 a document is prepared (Schema # 17)
“No document of Vatican II changed so radically, so many
times, as this one.”
Eventually finds its way to the floor in the 3rd session, 1964
At the start of Council 70
documents – No Plan
John XXIII tells Suenens
to put a plan together
Vatican II
Archbishop
Suenens
Pope John XXIII
• Written largely by Bernard Haring, CSSR
• Positive response for the most part
• Long list of revisions nonetheless
Two-fold division
• Main text
• Appendices 1. Human person in society
2. Marriage and family
3. Culture
4. Economic and Social life
5. The community of nations
and peace
Problem
How does the Church relate what is said in the
main document to the appendices?
If the appendices are part of the main – OK
If not- what authority do they have?
The topics of the appendices can change radically
and quickly.
Some say: don’t speak to issues that are so easily
subject to change.
Some say: Don’t speak to issues that are so
easily subject to change.
Others say: Precisely because they are difficult
issues, we need to address them.
What to do?
Inspired by:
Marie Dominque Chenu, OP; it is now called Schema #13
Chenu’s Theology
• Incarnation did not happen just once
• In every period of history, Church is being called in new
ways to be present to the world.
• Council sees world of men and women, human
progress as a good thing.
Debate began September 24,
1964
There were over 20,000 modi
(change)
The document was voted
section by section
(change)
To say it was a progressive
majority vs conservative
minority not accurate
(change)
Suenens sounded like a
conservative on Mary
Ottaviani sound like a
progressive when it came to
condemning war
Re-write of course!
This time the writer is:
Father Pierre Haubtmann (French Sociologist)
What to do?
Debate began September 24,
1964
There were over 20,000 modi
(change)
The document was voted
section by section
(change)
To say it was a progressive
majority vs conservative
minority not accurate
(change)
Suenens sounded like a
conservative on Mary
Ottaviani sound like a
progressive when it came to
condemning war
Re-write of course!
Chenu had been teaching for years that
the Church must read “the signs of the
times.”
He spoke of toothing stones; that the
Church must find the toothing stones in
the world where the Church could latch
on to the world around it.
What to do?
Debate began September 24, 1964
There were over 20,000 modi
The document was voted section by section
To say it was a progressive majority vs
conservative minority not accurate
• Suenens sounded like a conservative on Mary
• Ottaviani sound like a progressive when it
• came to condemning war
Re-write of course!
Major Question for Gaudium et Spes:
Should the Church dialogue with the world?
OR
Should the Church proclaim Christ to the world?
It’s really a question of method
Much agreement that Church needs to address
the world.
Major Question for Gaudium et Spes:
Gaudium et Spes was the instrument used by the
Bishops to deal with the modern world.
Part I
The Church and Man’s calling (4 Chapters)
Part II
Some problems of Special Urgency (5 Chapters)
Dialogue = correlational theology = Thomistic View
Proclaim = kerygmatic theology=Augustinian view =
Truth speaks for itself
Major Teachings re: The Church
Church must address whole of humanity on issues that
are of concern to all.
Church is a Servant Church. Not motivated by earthly
ambition. Under the urging of the Spirit it witnesses to
the truth
Church must read the ‘signs of the times’ and interpret
according to Gospel
Church must counter error by presenting positive
version of truth. Witness it.
Major Teachings re: Church
Paul VI’s outline given in the Opening Speech of the Second Session
(change)
“It is the goal of this most sacred council to intensify the daily growth of Catholics
in Christian living
(change)
“To nurture whatever can contribute to the unity of all who believe in Christ “
“The Council has special reasons for judging it a duty to provide for the renewal
and fostering of the Liturgy.”
Church must act as a leaven in society; challenge idea that
religion and demands of justice and peace cannot mix.
Church must be involved with political, economic and social
order. Political and Church are autonomous and
independent.
Church may never preach or teach in manner at odds with the
gospel or welfare of humankind
Church can never tie itself to one culture
Laity should participate in the entire life of the Church
Marriage and Family
Major Change in Theology
Tradition taught: two ends of marriage
Procreation of children
Well being and relationship of the spouses
Vatican II teaches
Love and fruitfulness are two ends of marriage
Do not subordinate one to the other
Tradition teaches
Legalistic point of view—marriage is a contract
Vatican II teaches
Biblical point of view – marriage is a covenant
October 5, 1965 Pope Paul VI goes to UN and condemns war.
“No more war; war never again”
Bishops are debating war and peace in the Vatican
Choose to condemn war; follow John XXIII, Pacem in Terris
• Indiscriminate destruction of cities or areas “a crime against God
and humanity.”
• Described Arms Race as “one of the greatest curses on the human
race.”
US and British Bishops warned of ‘pacifist tendencies.’
Gaudium et Spes
Promulgated by Paul VI on Dec. 7, 1965
Vote: 1,710 for; 480 against
The Council Fathers ordered that
a new rite for concelebration be
drawn up
“all should hold in great
esteem the liturgical life of the
diocese centered around the
bishop, especially in his
cathedral church; they must
be convinced that the pre-
eminent manifestation of the
Church consists in the full
active participation of all
God’s holy people in the same
liturgical celebrations.”
Summary “The notion of the church as a rigorously disciplined and
monolithic enterprise is largely myth, and modern myth to boot.
What is not myth, however, is the dramatic change in the self-
understanding of Catholics brought about by the council. For at
least two centuries Catholicism saw itself as a bulwark against
the spread of pernicious liberal and democratic principles, and
held fast to a monarchical and aristocratic worldview in which
the church enjoyed a privileged civic, cultural, and political role.
At Vatican II, the bishops called off this long and ultimately futile
struggle against modernity. Not without ambivalence, they
reconciled themselves to the separation of church and state
and to the idea of religious liberty. They then went further,
extending the hand of fellowship to other Christians, to non-
Christian religions, and especially to the Jewish community,
while warmly endorsing human rights and aspirations for
democratic self-determination. Even the pursuit of technological
and material progress, long viewed with world-weary
skepticism, was encouraged. (Commonweal, October 2012)
SU
MM
AR
Y
And so a church once narrowly focused on the world to come
suddenly discovered much to praise in the world at hand. Most
important, perhaps, the laity was now urged to bring its faith
into the secular sphere, to transform a fallen world rather than
retreat from it. This effort at aggiornamento, or updating, looked
back to certain neglected aspects of the tradition
(ressourcement) for inspiration and guidance. That project was
in part an effort to find within the church’s own traditions
theological and philosophical sources that could more firmly
ground and thus defend what was morally sound in the modern
world’s understanding of human dignity and individual liberty.
SUMMARY