Popcorn Lab-A Study of Popcorn Kernel to Flake Density Through Vapor Induced Puffing
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Transcript of Popcorn Lab-A Study of Popcorn Kernel to Flake Density Through Vapor Induced Puffing
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8/19/2019 Popcorn Lab-A Study of Popcorn Kernel to Flake Density Through Vapor Induced Puffing
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A Study of Popcorn Kernel to Flake Density throughVapor Induced Pung
By
Lee Brandt
August 2! 2"#$
%us &hiteAli'a Di(on
)*ily Bernier
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+,-ecti.e/ 0he o,-ecti.e of this e(peri*ent 1as to synthesi'e .aporinduced pungthrough the application of heat to popcorn kernels3
Procedure/#4 0o ,egin the e(peri*ent gather the follo1ing *aterials
• # 5alculator
• $ Popcorn Kernels of one ,rand
• # 2$"*L )rlen*eyer Flask
• # Singlehole ru,,er stopper
• # 6ot plate
• # pair of tongs
• # %lass stirring rod
• # electronic ,alance
•# #""*L %raduated 5ylinder
• 2"2$ *l dry sea sand
• sa*ple holder
• t1ee'ers
24 After gathering the *aterials! create a sa*ple holder3 0his is ,est done1ith a piece of paper and a pen ,y dra1ing a circle and la,eling the* #through $3 0hen place one kernel in each sa*ple space374 indi.idually 1eigh kernel on the electronic ,alance and note kernel *assin the la, ,ook4 turn on hot plate to 8 and place one kernel in a 2$"*L )rlen*eyer Flask39sing the tongs! place :ask on hot plate and ,egin *o.ing the :ask to rollthe kernel inside the :ask3 5ontinue this process until kernel has popped3
;ote/ this high heat process pops the kernel the fastest! ,ut does notnecessarily create the ,iggest :ake3 0his high te*perature 1as the only*ethod 1hich popped the kernel in our e(peri*ent3 Also ,e careful not to,urn kernel or :ake ,y *o.ing the kernel constantly and in.erting the)rlen*eyer :ask as soon as the kernel pops3$4 using glass stirring rod! pull the :ake out of the :ask and 1eigh it on theelectronic ,alance3
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;ote/ this procedure or one of eual product 1as used to create all the datafor this report using three dierent ,rands of popcorn/ 5ousins &illies! Colly 0i*e! and +r.ille ?eden,acher popcorn3
Data and 5alculations/
For ?a1 Data on 5ousins &illies Popcorn! please see Appendi( #3For ?a1 Data on +r.ille ?eden,acher! please see Appendi( 2For ?a1 Data on Colly 0i*e Popcorn Popcorn! please see Appendi( 7
9sing )(cel! Flake Density 1as calculated using the follo1ing )uation/DE>g4V>*L4
Cousins Willies Jolly Time Orville Redenbacher
Flake(g) Volume(mL)
Densi
y(g!mL) Flake(g)
Volu
me(mL)
Densiy
(g!mL) Flake(g) Volume(mL) Densiy(g!mL)
"3#$ "3< "32$=7"3#8=
# #3 "3#7"3#7#
< #3@ "3"=
"3"@7$ "38 "3##
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"3#7< "38 "3#="3#8"
8 232 "3"82"3#28
7 "32 "3
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9sing )(cel! percent *ass lost 1as also calculated using the follo1ingeuation/
G*>*i*f 4*iH#""
5ousins
&illies
Colly
0i*e
Kernel>g4
Flake>g4
G *asslost Kernel
>g4Flake>g4
G *asslost
"3#
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$ 2#=
"3#@2= "3#8$@73$288"#2
$"3#
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+r.ille
?eden,acher
Kernel>g4
Flake>g4
G *asslost
"3#8"# "3#7#<
##3"8="88=#
"3#2$2 "3##2@@38228#
#$
"3##$ "3#"#@##3
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=#7
"3#$"2 "3#7##23$#
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f>(4 "388( J "
? "3@
+r.ille ?edn,acher
Kernel *ass .s3 Flake *ass
%raph 7
%raph # sho1s the relation of 5ousins &illies Kernel *ass to Flake *ass 1ithlinear trend line3%raph 2 sho1s the relation of Colly 0i*e Kernel *ass to Flake *ass 1ithlinear trend line3%raph 7 sho1s the relation of +r.ille ?eden,acher Kernel *ass to Flake *ass1ith linear trend line3
f>(4 "3"$( J "3=8
? "
5ousins &illies
Kernel *ass .s Flake Volu*e
%raph
Brandt #"
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f>(4
? "
Colly 0i*e
Kernel *ass .s Flake Volu*e
%raph $
"3"8 "3# "3#2 "3# "3#< "3#8 "32 "322
f>(4 =3#( "3#? "3##
+r.ille ?edn,acher
Kernel *ass .s Flake Volu*e
Flake Volu*e >*l "3#4
%raph <
%raph sho1s the relation of 5ousins &illies Kernel *ass to Flake .olu*e1ith linear trend line3%raph $ sho1s the relation of Colly 0i*e Kernel *ass to Flake .olu*e 1ith
linear trend line3%raph < sho1s the relation of +r.ille ?eden,acher Kernel *ass to Flake.olu*e 1ith linear trend line3
Brandt ##
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5onclusion/ 0his e(peri*ent tests t1o hypotheses/
#4 0he *ass of the :ake is proportional to the *ass of the kernel24 0he .olu*e of the :ake is proportional to the *ass of the kernel
Data indicates a positi.e correlation for the rst hypothesis3 &hich
conr*s a linear relationship of kernel *ass to :ake *ass3 0his is seen
through graphs #! 2! and 7 1hich re-ect the null hypothesis that the :ake
*ass is not correlated to kernel *ass and support the rst hypothesis3 0his
can ,e conr*ed ,y e.aluation the ?.alues of each of the three ,rands3 All
three ?.alues are a,o.e 3$ 1hich suggests a correlation3 0he strongest
,rand to suggest the strongest correlation is 5ousins &illies 1ith an ?
.alue3@8$$3 0he ,rand 1ith the least correlation! Colly 0i*e! still sho1s a
strong correlation ,et1een the :ake *ass and kernel *ass 1ith an ?
.alue38
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hypothesis one! ,ut al*ost none supporting hypothesis t1o3 0his ho1e.er
does not poise a pro,le* or uestion of the e(peri*ental conditions ,ecause
of the strong correlation sho1n for hypothesis one3
Interestingly! the *ost of the popcorn kernels used in this e(peri*ent
contained less than the opti*al #2#G 1ater co*position that aids in .apor
induced pung3 Eany kernels contained less than #"G 1ater! 1hich could
attri,ute to the struggle of getting kernels to pop that *any groups
e(perienced3 Another factor possi,ly aecting the popping of indi.idual
kernels 1as kernel hull strength3 0his can .ary 1idely ,et1een ,rands and
indi.idual kernels3 0his factor could e(plain so*e of the .ariation seen in the
results3 Another factor is the e.enness 1ith 1hich the interior of the kernel is
heated3 0o achie.e ,etter results! 1e took care to heat e.enly ,y ne.er
letting the kernel stop *o.ing! so that all sides 1ere heated as e.enly as
possi,le3 &hile high heat 1as used! the ,eaker ne.er stopped! and thus the
high head did not aect the popping results3 If a high and hot :a*e 1ere
used ho1e.er! the kernel has *ore of a possi,ility to ,urn or heat une.enly
e.en possi,ly causing ,urning or scorching! 1hich 1ould aect the kernelMs
a,ility to pop correctly thus di*inishing the .olu*e of a kernel3
Eany :akes did not t 1ith the linear correlation ,et1een :ake .olu*e
and kernel *ass! 1hile hea.ier kernels *ay contain larger a*ounts of starch!
*any other factors can contri,ute to added 1eight3 0hus the .olu*e is not
directly correlated to *ass3 Flakes are also uniueN no t1o are alike3 0his
Brandt #7
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de.iation and di.ersity aect the a,ility to dra1 a correlation ,et1een :ake
.olu*e and kernel *ass3
+ne additional e(peri*ental error is the .ariation in heat and heating
techniues used ,y groups gathering data3 Eany dierent hot plates
te*peratures and ,rands 1ere used gi.ing *any kernels distinct dierences3
In looking at the ra1 data! one can see si*ilarities in groupings of .e!
suggesting that dierent *ethods 1ere used to achie.e successful popping3
0his factor could lead to uestion if there *ight ,e a correlation ,et1een
:ake .olu*e and :ake *ass3 A possi,le follo1up e(peri*ent *ight look at
dierent popping te*peratures*ethods in their aect on :ake .olu*e and
*ass co*pared to kernel *ass3
Brandt #
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Appendi(/
Appendi( #
Brandt #$
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Appendi( 2
Brandt #
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Appendi( 7
Brandt #=