Pond Problems. Typical problems Aquatic weed identification and controlAquatic weed identification...
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Transcript of Pond Problems. Typical problems Aquatic weed identification and controlAquatic weed identification...
Pond ProblemsPond Problems
Typical problemsTypical problems
• Aquatic weed identification and controlAquatic weed identification and control– http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/
• Low (no) waterLow (no) water• Fish stocking or restockingFish stocking or restocking• Grubs in fishGrubs in fish• GeeseGeese• Beaver and muskratsBeaver and muskrats• TurtlesTurtles
Aquatic Weed ControlAquatic Weed Control
• Treatment recommended when aquatic Treatment recommended when aquatic weeds cover more than 25 percent of weeds cover more than 25 percent of the pond’s surface area.the pond’s surface area.
• Types of controlTypes of control
– physicalphysical
– chemicalchemical
– biologicalbiological
Planktonic algae: Planktonic algae: essential, cause bloom,essential, cause bloom,shade pond bottom, butshade pond bottom, butcan cause fish kills by can cause fish kills by lowering Olowering O22
Aquaplant
Aquaplant
Filamentous algae:Filamentous algae:Single cells that form long chains and then float.Single cells that form long chains and then float.No known direct food value except for invertebrates.No known direct food value except for invertebrates.
Aquaplant
Chara:Chara:called muskgrass or skunkweed because of garlic-like odor,called muskgrass or skunkweed because of garlic-like odor,often confused with emerged flowering plants, crunchy textureoften confused with emerged flowering plants, crunchy texture.
AquaplantAquaplant
Floating PlantsFloating Plants(free floating or rooted with floating (free floating or rooted with floating
leaves)leaves)• DuckweedDuckweed
• WatermealWatermeal
• Water lilyWater lily
• American lotusAmerican lotus
Water lily
American lotus
Aquaplant
Aquaplant
Duckweed or watermeal?
Submerged plantsSubmerged plants(grow mainly below surface and have (grow mainly below surface and have
very soft stems)very soft stems)• PondweedsPondweeds
• ElodeaElodea
• WatermilfoilWatermilfoil
• CoontailCoontail
• NaiadsNaiads
• BladderwortBladderwort
American pondweed
Aquaplant
Sago pondweedSago pondweed
AquaplantAquaplant
Elodea- this is not hydrilla
Aquaplant
Water milfoil
Southern naiad
Aquaplant
Aquaplant
Aquaplant
Aquaplant
CoontailCoontail
Emergent plantsEmergent plants(rooted in water but most of foliage (rooted in water but most of foliage
above water)above water)
• ArrowheadArrowhead
• CattailCattail
• Water primroseWater primrose
Water primroseWater primrose
Aquaplant
AquaplantAquaplant
State quarantine
HydrillaHydrilla Purple loosestrifePurple loosestrife
King Co WA
Blue-green algaeBlue-green algae
Biological control Biological control
• Will fish control HABs?– Perhaps– Tilapia
• Stocking rate 25-50/ac adults• Digestion e ciency ranged from 58.6 to 78.1% at water ffi
temperature of 77°F.• Ingestion rate increased with increasing fish weight and
water temperature• Major problem is they die when water temperature is
below 55°F
– Grass carp?
Grass Carp as a Biological Grass Carp as a Biological Control of Aquatic WeedsControl of Aquatic Weeds
• Can be very effective but they are not a cure-Can be very effective but they are not a cure-all.all.
• May result in turbid water.May result in turbid water.• Overstocking can seriously effect sport fish Overstocking can seriously effect sport fish
populations.populations.• Cattails, spatterdock and filamentous algae Cattails, spatterdock and filamentous algae
are eaten last.are eaten last.• Results are not guaranteed.Results are not guaranteed.• Triploid onlyTriploid only
Grass Carp GuidelinesGrass Carp Guidelines
• Stock only if pond surface is more than 20 Stock only if pond surface is more than 20 percent covered in vegetation.percent covered in vegetation.
• Calculate pond size accurately.Calculate pond size accurately.• Total elimination of vegetation occurs at 30 fish Total elimination of vegetation occurs at 30 fish
(10-12 inches) per acre of vegetation.(10-12 inches) per acre of vegetation.• Vegetation control occurs at 15 fish (10-12 Vegetation control occurs at 15 fish (10-12
inches) per acre of vegetation.inches) per acre of vegetation.
Chemical ControlChemical Control
You must calculate the area You must calculate the area and volume of a body of waterand volume of a body of water
Volume = average length X average width X average depthVolume = average length X average width X average depth
Acre feet = surface area (acres) X average depthAcre feet = surface area (acres) X average depth
Area = length X widthArea = length X widthSurface area in acres = pond area in square feet/43,560Surface area in acres = pond area in square feet/43,560
Online calculatorhttp://www.pondcare.com/reference-center/pond-calculator/index.aspx
Approximate CostsApproximate Costs
coppercoppercomplexescomplexes 2, 4-D*2, 4-D* diquat*diquat* endothall*endothall* fluridonefluridone glyphosateglyphosate
Approximate costsApproximate costsTo apply/acre footTo apply/acre foot $8-16$8-16 $112-225 $170-340$112-225 $170-340 $48-430$48-430 $63-126$63-126 $150-225$150-225
*Livestock Drinking Restrictions*Livestock Drinking RestrictionsE = ExcellentE = ExcellentG = Good ControlG = Good ControlF = Fair ControlF = Fair ControlP = Poor ControlP = Poor Control
Labels change periodically. Labels change periodically. Read and follow label instructions and observe water use restrictions.Read and follow label instructions and observe water use restrictions.
Pond RenovationPond Renovation
• Is site suitable?Is site suitable?– NRCS for watershed size and soilsNRCS for watershed size and soils– Size and depthSize and depth
• Not a good idea to go deeper than originalNot a good idea to go deeper than original
• Drainpipe installationDrainpipe installation• SeepageSeepage• RotenoneRotenone
– Wait one month to restockWait one month to restock
• Fish structureFish structure
StockingStocking
• Starting over Starting over – Kill existing fish!!!! Kill existing fish!!!!
• Common stocking ratesCommon stocking rates– 400 bluegill fingerlings400 bluegill fingerlings– 100 red-eared sunfish fingerlings100 red-eared sunfish fingerlings– 100 catfish fingerlings100 catfish fingerlings– 100 largemouth bass fingerlings100 largemouth bass fingerlings
• www.kansasaquaculture.orgwww.kansasaquaculture.org
Response of common aquatic weeds to herbicidesResponse of common aquatic weeds to herbicides
Aquatic groupAquatic group coppercopperand weedand weed complexescomplexes 2, 4-D*2, 4-D* diquat*diquat* endothall*endothall* fluridonefluridone glyphosateglyphosate
AlgaeAlgaeplanktonicplanktonic EE PP PP PP PP PPfilamentousfilamentous EE PP EE G (hydro)G (hydro) PP PPchara chara EE PP GG G (hydro)G (hydro) PP PPnitellanitella EE PP GG G (hydro)G (hydro) PP PP
Floating PlantsFloating Plantsbladderwortbladderwort PP G (gran)G (gran) EE EEduckweedsduckweeds PP G (LV)G (LV) GG PP EEwater hyacinthwater hyacinth PP EE EE PP GGwatermealwatermeal PP PP P-FP-F F-GF-G
Response of common aquatic weeds to herbicidesResponse of common aquatic weeds to herbicides
Aquatic groupAquatic group coppercopperand weedand weed complexescomplexes 2, 4-D*2, 4-D* diquat*diquat* endothall*endothall* fluridonefluridone glyphosateglyphosate
Emergent PlantsEmergent PlantsAmerican lotusAmerican lotus PP EE PP PP FF GGarrowheadarrowhead PP EE GG GG EEcattailscattails PP GG GG PP FF EEwater lilywater lily PP EE PP EE EEsedges & rushessedges & rushes PP FF FF PP GGsmartweedsmartweed PP EE FF FF EEwater primrosewater primrose PP EE FF PP FF EEwillowswillows PP EE FF PP EE
Submersed PlantsSubmersed Plantsbroadleaf broadleaf
water milfoilwater milfoil PP EE EE EE PPcoontailcoontail PP GG EE EE EE PPelodeaelodea PP EE FF EE PPeurasian eurasian
water milfoilwater milfoil PP EE EE EE EE PPnaiadsnaiads PP FF EE EE EE PPpondweedspondweeds PP PP GG EE EE PP