POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar
-
Upload
joanna-hood -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
description
Transcript of POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar
![Page 1: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek:
Poly meaning manySacchar meaning sugarAre made from sugars
![Page 2: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Carbohydrates/sugars:Are the fuel and building blocks for lifeAre building blocks (monomers) for
polysaccharidesExamples monosaccharides:
GlucoseFructose
![Page 3: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GlucoseThe most common monosaccharide,
glucose – C6H12O6, is of central importance in the chemistry of life
![Page 4: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SynthesisLinking monosaccharides (sugars) together
![Page 5: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dehydration synthesis process:
![Page 6: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Key Characteristics of Sugars
1. They are hydrocarbons with carbonyl groups (C=O) and multiple hydroxyl groups (OH)
2. Carbon skeletons are 3 to 7 carbons long.
3. Their names end in the suffix “ose”.
![Page 7: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ketose vs Aldose4. If the carbonyl group is in the middle of
the chain it is classified as a ketose, and if it is on the end of a chain as an aldose.
![Page 8: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
5.Small differences in structure can cause major differences in the behaviour and shape of the sugar
![Page 9: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Galactose and glucose are optical isomers (same number and types of atoms, different properties).
Galactose is not very water-soluble therefore is not easily absorbed – is not digested
![Page 10: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
6.When in water (aqueous solution) most sugars form rings.
Example: Glucose
Chemical equilibrium between the linear and ring structure favors the ring structure.
![Page 11: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Naming sugars:1. Prefixes of: Mono, di, tri, … poly
Mono is a single sugarDi = two sugars joinedTri = three sugars joinedPoly = many sugars joined
![Page 12: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. Depending on the size of a carbon skeleton (ranges from 3 – 7), monosaccharides are named as:
Trios – 3 carbon chainTetrose – 4 carbon chainPentose – 5 carbon chainHexose – 6 carbon chainHeptose – 7 carbon chain
3. Aldose vs. Ketose (See earlier notes)
![Page 13: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Forming name: (keto-/aldo-) + (# of carbons) + -ose
Examplesa monosaccharide that contains an
aldehyde and three carbons is formed in this way:
aldo- + tri + ose ------> aldotriosea five carbon sugar that contains a ketone
is called a ketopentose.
![Page 14: POLYSACCHARIDES From Greek: Poly meaning many Sacchar meaning sugar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1af67f8b9ab0599816b9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TASKWorksheet questions 1 - 9