Polt Presentation Icbss Athens 16 06 2011

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ICBSS Workshop „Innovation in the Wider Black Sea Region“ New Mission-orientation in STI Policy Wolfgang Polt Joanneum Research - POLICIES – Centre for Economic and Innovation Research [email protected] Athens, 16-17 June 2011

description

Presentation on Recent trends in STI policy to a workshop of the ICBSS

Transcript of Polt Presentation Icbss Athens 16 06 2011

Page 1: Polt Presentation Icbss Athens 16 06 2011

ICBSS Workshop „Innovation in the Wider Black Sea Region“

New Mission-orientation in STI Policy

Wolfgang Polt Joanneum Research -

POLICIES – Centre for Economic and Innovation Research [email protected]

Athens, 16-17 June 2011

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Thematic: addressing either

specific fields of S&T,

societal goals and missions

Functional/Generic: addressing generic aspects of the Innovation System, e.g. establishment of new firms, collaboration between industry and science etc. irrespective of field of science/technology or purpose

(see OECD 1991)

General Orientations of STI Policy

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Historical Paradigms of STI Policy

Source: Gassler, Polt, Rammer (2008)

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Technology Policy Paradigm:

‘Old’ Mission-Oriented Approach

Thematic dimension Emphasis on ‘large-scale’

technologies (i.e.

defence, energy,

transport etc.)

Legitimization/Rationale Production of ‘public’ or

‘meritoric’ goods

Institutional Dimension /

Actors

Top down definition of

thematic priorities

Establishing of

specialised public R&D

organisations (PROs)

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Technology Policy Paradigm: Industrial policy approach (key/strategic technologies)

Thematic

dimension

In addition to „old strategic sectors‟:

ICT; Biotechnology; New Materials;

Nanotechnology

Legitimization/

Rationale

Fostering competitiveness

Emphasis on static and dynamic

economies of scale and specific

market failures, esp.spillovers from

„generic‟ technologies

Institutional

Dimension /

Actors

Emphasis on planning

Techn. forecasting/roadmapping

Technology assessment

National Technology Programs

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Technology Policy Paradigm: Systemic approach

Thematic

dimension

Emphasis on „functional‟ aspects

of the innovation system

(cooperation; framework

conditions, regulation etc.)

Legitimization/

Rationale

“Systemic failures”: gaps in the

system, parts of the system not

linking together, conflicting

logics of actors,….

Institutional

Dimension /

Actors

Increasing number of actors

involved in STI policy and

priority setting

Agencies emerge as important

players in STI policy

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Technology Policy Paradigm:

„New‟ Mission-Oriented Approach

Thematic

dimension

Sustainable Development;

Climate Change,

Information & Knowledge Society;

Demographic Change and Aging;

Health and new deseases

Safety and Security

Food supply

Legitimization/

Rationale

Orientation towards societal needs and

challenges

Institutional

Dimension /

Actors

Involvement of different societal groups

and stakeholders

horizontal coordination of hitherto

separated policy areas

large number of actors

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Mission-oriented R&D spending within the OECD

Rough attribution: R&D spending classified by “socioeconomic objective”:

Defense, space, agriculture, health, energy, industrial technology (categories based on funding-agency missions) account for at least 50%, and in most cases, >60%, of public R&D spending in early 2000s for South Korea, USA, UK, France, Canada, Japan, and Germany.

Spending on “advancement of knowledge” arguably the category most closely connected with the “market failure” rationale, accounts for 25 - 30% of public R&D budgets in these economies.

(Source: Mowery 2005)

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&D

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Japan France Germany United

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Canada South

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Country

Figure 1: Gov't R&D spending by "socioeconomic objective," 2003 - 2004

Industrial production and technology

Energy

Protection and improvement of human health

Agriculture production and technology

Exploration and exploitation of space

Defense

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Current Strands of (new) Mission-oriented STI-policies

OECD: Mission-orientation is a mayor part of the OECD Innovation Strategy: e.g. ‚Green Growth„ Strategy„

EU: Mission-orientation is a central angle of the ‚Innovation Union„ approach and the current ‚Joint Programming Initiatives„ to address ‚Grand Challenges„

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‚Green Growth Strategies„ in OECD

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‚Green Growth Strategies„ as part of the stimulus packages in OECD

(Source: OECD 2009)

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Joint Programming Initiatives in the EU

Objective: to tackle grand societal challenges

Rationale: leverage and coordinate national activities and combine diverse resources

Status: 10 themes identified in bottom-up and

consensual manner

Strategic Research Agendas: in the making

Governance models: established

Resource Commitment by Member States on the basis of variable geometry – exact modes yet to be decided

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Status of Joint Programming Initiatives (March 2011)

JPI Countries Pilot calls

Neurodegenerative Diseases 23 May 2011

Agriculture 19 June 2011

Cultural Heritage 15 -

Healthy Diet 21 2012

Urban Europe 13 Sept 2011

Climate Knowledge 16 -

Water 20 (2012)

More years, better lives 16 -

Microbial challenge 15 -

Oceans 17 -

1st W

ave

2

. W

ave

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(Preliminary) Conclusions on Mission-oriented STI Policy

Mission-oriented STI Policy always occupied a substantial share of public R&D expenditures. Currently, it seems to stage a come-back to the centre stage of policy attention against the background of increasing global/grand societal challenges

On top of appropriately identifying „market failure‟ as a rationale for policy intervention, „innovation systems‟ and „policy mix / portfolio‟ thinking is needed !

Caution is needed in applying “lessons” from one field of mission R&D to others (e.g. defence environment)

„New‟ Mission-orientation more difficult to implement Coordination across fields, mission agencies, complementary

policies within a mission-agency area is essential but difficult

Increasingly addressing „global challenges‟ asks forinternational co-ordination of „mission-oriented‟ STI policy (e.g. takling climate change, energy, deseases, …)

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Thank you for your attention !

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Appendices

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(Ideal)Types of R&D Activities (‚Stokes-Ruttan Space„)

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(Co)Existing STI Policy Rationales

General R&D support for private industry

( e.g. tax credit for R&D, bottom-up direct funding)

Support for ‘functional’ priorities (collaboration, technology transfer, spin-offs etc)

Support for selected areas (societal

challenges, specific technologies)

(missions, public goods)

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Mission-oriented R&D expenditure JAPAN

From: Stenberg & Nagano 2009

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Mission-oriented R&D expenditure JAPAN

From: Stenberg & Nagano 2009

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Mission-oriented R&D expenditure JAPAN

From: Stenberg & Nagano 2009

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Mission-oriented R&D expenditure USA

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Share of Public R&D support in BERD (2004)

Source: OECD-MSTI; National source; Estimates by ZEW

0 3 6 9 12 15

Finland

Japan

Germany

USA

UK

France

Technology programmes Other technology specif ic support

non technology specif ic project support R&D tax deductions

Defense R&D contracts

* inkl. steuerlicher FuE-Förderung durch Bundesstaaten (Annahme für 2000: ca. 400 Mio. US-$) und

geschätzter zusätzlicher Kosten der Änderungen beim Alternative Incremental Credit ab 2002/03 sow ie

der Projektförderung durch Bundesstaaten (Annahme 2000: ca. 450 Mio. US-$)

** inkl. geschätzter Effekt der 2000 und 2002 eingeführten FuE-Steuerförderung

*** inkl. geschätzter zusätzlicher Effekt der Ausw eitung des Crédit d'Impôt Recherche im Jahr 2004

**** steuerliche FuE-Förderung auf Basis der 2003 eingeführten steuerlichen FuE-Volumenförderung

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Gassler, H., Polt, W., Rammer, C. (2008): Priority setting in

technology policy – historical developments and recent trends. In:

Nauwelaeres, C., Wintjens, R. (Eds.): Innovation Policy in Europe.

Measurement and Strategy. Edward Elgar Publishers, pp 203-224

Gassler, H., Polt, W., Rammer, C. (2006): Priority setting in research

and technology policy – an analysis of paradigm changes in the

post-war period [in German], in: Austrian Journal for Political

Sciences [ÖZPW] 1/2006, pp 7-23

Polt, W., Gassler, H., Schindler, J., Weber, M. Mahroum, S. Kubeczko,

K., Keenan, M. (2004): Priorities in Science and Technology Policy –

An International Comparison. Project Report

Soete & Arundel (1995)?

Ergas (1987)

Mowery (2005)

Stenberg & Nagano (2009)

References