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Ver n a cu l a r A r ch i t ec t u r e

O f G u j a r a t

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Po l H ouses o f A hmedabad

In the urban landscape of India, one

of the most visually appealing

spaces is the walled city ofAhmedabad, known for its intricately

carved wooden architecture and the

neighbourhood settlements of

pols.

Pols are enclosed residentialclusters entered by gates, which

used to be shut at nights.

The essence of a pol is a network of

small streets, side lanes, shrines and

open community spaces with a

chabutaro, a birdhouse raised on a

pole to feed birds in the

neighbourhood.

The word pol is derived from theSanskrit word pratol i meaning

Street view of a Pol

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THE ORIGIN OF POL SETTLEMENT PATTERN The pol settlement pattern has

a rural origin prevalent in the

villages of North Gujarat. It isalso called khadki type of

settlement.

Each house is joined to the

next by a common party walland many such houses form a

row opposite it and two rows

thus enclose a space in front,

which resembles a street but

which is, in fact, a common

yard.

In order to ensure privacy and

security, the ends of the

common yard are closed off bya wall on one side and a

One enclosing wall is

simultaneously the rear

wall of a house. With theends enclosed off, the

settlement forms a closed

unit guarded by a single

gateway used by a largenumber of families. The

gateway is known as

khadki.

All the families of a khadki

are blood relations or

belong to the same caste.

Every village has a number

of such khadkis belonging

to different castes In cities khadkis belon in

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Faade of Pol house
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Street view of a Pol

Highly carved facade of a

wooden house in a pol in

Ahmedabad

Aer ial View of a Pol
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Various Faades of Pol Houses
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE Pol houses have a minimal

frontage on the

neighbourhood street, whichis itself quite narrow.

Side walls of the house are

shared with the house next

door.

The street faade is heavilytreated with wooden

structural and decorative

elements, including carved

columns, brackets, window

shutters and balconies.

The OATLA Entrance

platform generally a plinth

with a row of columns which

marks the limits of the house

on the street. used for sitting

Plan of aPol house

chowk Khadkee oatla

Section

of a Pol

house

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE

Pol housing

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BAITHAK the formal

reception space used for

visitors. The interior rooms were not

designated as living room,

dining room or bedroom

rather it is very flexible inuse.

Easily movable furniture and

bedding allow migration from

room to room to suit the

changing family composition

or to accommodate to

seasonal changes.

The kitchen, storage rooms

for drinking water and Puja

Swing in the parsal
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Chowk of a House

Access to the underground

water tank

CHOWK the Courtyard is the

primary element of the house.

all other rooms are built aroundthe chowk.

It provides the connection

between inside and outside for

much of the house. Functions as a light well and a

ventilating shaft; moving vertically

from the ground floor through the

roof.

Traditionally, being open to the

sky, these spaces infuse in

individuals the consciousness

of nature as well as bringing the

occupants into daily contact with

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The PARASAL the verandah

space around the court; most

utilized spaces in the house. It serves as a transitional space,

between interior and exterior as

well as public and private

spaces. The swing is hung in the

Parasal.

In the parasal, there is a

provision for hearth, where the

housewife cooks.

DHUMADIYU chimney

CHULHA - FireplaceThe roofs of

the pol houses are sloping

sheds away the monsoon rains

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On the first floor is the

DIWANKHANA the large

hall where guests werereceived.

The living quarters were on

the first floor.

The second floor hadbedrooms, and in summer the

Agashi (rooftop terrace) was a

pleasant place to sleep under

the sky.

Ar twork over a Doorway

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The wooden door frames and

shutters are engraved

intricately

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Chabutaro Bird

feeder "a stone or

wooden tower with

artistic canopy over it

constructed to feed

birds" is a salientfeature of the

ambience of any pol

in Ahmedabad.

There are nearly 120of them.

The architecture of a

chabutaro is different

from the rest

because it contains

CHABUTARO or

CHABUTRO

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Chowk provides porosity to the built mass;

also gives a sense of openness.

Three walls are common, so reduces surface

area exposed to the sun. Only shorter

faade is open for light & Ventilation

Chowk

providesmore surface

area

responding

to the open

space for

Chowk also acts asvent shaft which

sucks the hot air from

the house, providing

thermal comfort in hotdry climateThe balcony and

projections act as a

buffer protecting

inner spaces from

direct sunlight & hot

CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE FORM

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Even in Ahmedabads hot

summer, it was comfortable

inside the house. Cool air

flowed through the front

window into the house, taking

the warm air up and out

through the chowk. Thiscooled the entire house.

CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

Wood and stone used

as materials for

construction helps inmaintaing the comfort

level inside the house.

Use of jaali provides

protection from hot

winds.
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