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Important committees and commissions in India ..

What is the difference between a committee and a commission?

A committee is a group of people who meet and deliberate according to fixed rules inorder to make a decision or produce a document as a group. A commission is a group ofpeople who are entrusted (that is the etymology) by a government to carry out a task.Sometimes the task is a specific one (like ascertaining a particular fact or resolving aparticular problem) and sometimes the task is more long term (like the S!"# that is#Securities and !xchange "ommission). A commission is usually distinct from other kindsof agency in two ways$ it has no single# permanent administrator# and it has noindependent or constitutional authority of its own% it operates under the authority ofanother part of the government. &f course# a commission can be a committee (like the' "ommission)# but very few committees are commissions# and some commissionsare not committees.

. *alekar +ribunal $ ,ournalists- *ay reforms

. /.". 0aner1ee "ommission $ !n2uiry into 3odhra carnage (railways)

4. Sarkaria "ommission $ "entre State relations

5. Srikrishna "ommission $ '' 0ombay riots

6. +hakkar "ommission $ 7ndira 3andhi assassination case

8. *hukan "ommission 9 Saharya "ommittee $ +ehelka tapes

:. ;alimath "ommission $ "riminal ,ustice

eforms

. ,anaki >am "ommittee $ Security scam

. A1ay @ikram Singh "ommittee $ aster promotions in army

. >a1inder Sachar "ommittee B C $ "ompanies and ;>*+ Act

4. >a1indar Sachar "ommittee B C $ >eport on the social# economic and educationalstatus of the ;uslims of 7ndia

5. ,yoti 0asu "ommittee $ >eport on &ctroi abolition

6 0alwant >ai ;ehta "ommittee $ >ecommendations on decentraliDation system

8. Sawant "ommittee $ !n2uiry on corruption# charges against ministers 9 AnnaEaDare

:. "helliah "ommittee $ !radicating black money

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'. Wanchoo "ommittee $ +ax en2uiry

. 0hanu *ratap Singh "ommittee $ Agriculture

. Aggarwal "ommittee $ Gepotism in granting petrol pump# H*3 connections

. >angara1an "ommittee $ >eforms in private sector

4. Garesh "handra "ommittee $ "orporate governance

5. "hakravarti "ommittee $ 0anking sector reforms

6. >ekhi "ommittee $ Structure of indirect taxation

8. 3.@.>amakrishna "ommittee $ =isinvestment in *S/ shares

:. Felkar "ommittee $ irst committee on backward castes

estructuring of civil services

'. ,ustice 0.G.Firpal "ommittee $ st chairman Gational orest "ommission

4 . 3odbole "ommittee $ !nron *ower *ro1ect

4 . ,.".Fumarappa "ommittee $ "ongress agrarian >eforms "ommittee

4 . Swaminathan "ommittee $ *opulation policy

44. >angara1an "ommittee $ Statistics

45. Wardha "ommittee $ 7n2uiry on murder of 3raham Staines

46. G.G. @ohra "ommittee $ "riminaliDation of politics48. Felkar "ommittee B C $ =irect 7ndirect +axes

4:. Alagh "ommittee $ "ivil Service !xaminations

4ecommendations on integrated wages# income andprice policy

54. &mkar 3oswami "ommittee $ 7ndustrial sickness

55. Iashpal "ommittee $ >eview of School !ducation system

56. >am Gandan *rasad "ommittee $ "onstitution of creamy layers among 0ackward"astes

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58. Felkar "ommitteeB4C $ !n2uiry on Fargil defense deals.

5:. ;.;. *unchhi "ommission $ "entre State >elations Jnote this committee has beenset up recently after the sad demise of ,ustice (>etd.) SarkariaK

5aghuram ". >a1an "ommittee financial sector reforms

8 . Shah "ommission ( '88) reorganisation of States

8 . +arkunde "ommittee composition of the !lection "ommission and other electoralreforms

8 . =inesh 3oswami "ommittee electoral reforms

84. 3.@.F. >ao "ommittee ( '

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1. Central Information CommissionReceiving and inquiring into complaints from aggrieved persons.

2. Central Vigilance CommissionProbing offences by Central Government officers, Officers of societies, corporation and local authorityunder the Central Government.

3. Commission for Centre-State Relations

Revie of or!ing of e"isting arrangements bet een #nion and $tates i.e. po er, functions, andresponsibilities in all spheres.

4. Commission of Enquiry (Te el!a Commission"%o enquire into the definite matter of public importance ith the po er of civil court.

#. Commission of Enquiry into $il-for-%oo& Scam%o inquire into the Oil&for&'ood $cam.

'. Commission on Criminal ustice

Reformation of criminal (ustice system, compensation to victims, and effective investment etc.

). Committee on Reforming *ureaucracy )est practices of )ureaucracy

+. Com,etition Commission of In&ia%o curb monopolies, to ensure fair competition in India by prohibiting adverse trade practices and topass order for granting interim relief and to impose penalties in case of defaults.

. elimitation CommissionRead(ustment of the allocation of seats in *o! $abha to several $tates and total number of seats inthe *egislative +ssembly of each $tate.

1/. Election Commission

Preparation of the electoral rolls, direction, superintendence, and control of elections to Parliamentand $tate *egislatures, recognition of political parties and allotment of symbols and also conductingelections to offices of Presidents and ice&Presidents of India.

11. %inance Commission-istribution of financial resources bet een #nion and $tates, proceeds from ta"es, principlesgoverning grants&in&aid to revenue of $tates out of consolidated fund of India, etc.

12. ustice 0ana ati Commission%o inquire into /01 Riot case 2Indira Gandhi +ssassination Riot3.

13. alel!ar Commission

+dhering to +rticle 415, the 'irst )ac! ard Classes Commission as set up by a presidential order on6anuary 7/, /84

14. osla Commission + one&man commission headed by 6ustice G- 9hosla established 6uly /:5 to re&investigate thecircumstances surrounding the supposed death of $ubhas Chandra )ose. %he commission reachedthe same conclusions as $hah ;a a< Committee.

1#. a Commission%o suggest for implementation and development in constitutional and legal matters including thehuman ay of death penalty

1'. i5er an Commission%o enquire into demolition of )abri =as(id in +yodhya.

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31. ;lanning Commission%o oversee the 8 years planning program for the economic development etc. in India.

32. Sa ariya Commission%o revie the PO%+ implementation in Centre and various $tates.

33. Sar!aria CommissionIt as set up in 6une /04 to e"amine the relationship and balance of po er bet een state and

central governments in the country and suggest changes ithin the frame or! of Constitution of India.It as headed by 6ustice Ra(inder $ingh $ar!aria, a retired (udge of the $upreme Court of India.

34. S a Commissioninquire into all the e"cesses committed in the Indian @mergency 2 /:8 & ::3. It as headed by 6ustice6.C. $hah

3#. S a 0a a< Committee as an enquiry committee established in /8 to investigate the supposed death of Indian$ubhas Chandra )ose in +ugust /18. %he Committee included $hah ;a a< 9han.

3'. States Reorganisation Commission

constituted by the Central Government of India under the $tates Reorganisation +ct and consisted of>on. 'a.;. 9un

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1/. Election CommissionPreparation of the electoral rolls, direction, superintendence, and control of elections to Parliamentand $tate *egislatures, recognition of political parties and allotment of symbols and also conductingelections to offices of Presidents and ice&Presidents of India.

11. %inance Commission-istribution of financial resources bet een #nion and $tates, proceeds from ta"es, principlesgoverning grants&in&aid to revenue of $tates out of consolidated fund of India, etc.

12. ustice 0ana ati Commission%o inquire into /01 Riot case 2Indira Gandhi +ssassination Riot3.

13. alel!ar Commission

+dhering to +rticle 415, the 'irst )ac! ard Classes Commission as set up by a presidential order on6anuary 7/, /84

14. osla Commission + one&man commission headed by 6ustice G- 9hosla established 6uly /:5 to re&investigate thecircumstances surrounding the supposed death of $ubhas Chandra )ose. %he commission reachedthe same conclusions as $hah ;a a< Committee.

1#. a Commission%o suggest for implementation and development in constitutional and legal matters including thehuman ay of death penalty

1'. i5er an Commission%o enquire into demolition of )abri =as(id in +yodhya.

1). 6an&al Commission

>eaded by )indhesh ari Prasad =andal to consider the question of seat reservations and quotas forpeople to redress caste discrimination, and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicatorsto determine ?bac! ardness.?

1+. 6u! er7ee Commission + one&man board of 6ustice =ano( =u!her(ee, a retired (udge of the $upreme Court of India hich

as instituted in /// to enquire into the controversy surrounding the reported death of $ubhasChandra )ose in /18.

1 . 0ational Commission for *ac! ar& ClassesInclusion of castes as bac! ard class in O)C lists and to deal ith the related matters.

2/. 0ational Commission for enotifie&8 0oma&ic an& Semi-0oma&ic Tri5es (0C 0S0T" + national commission set under =inistry of $ocial 6ustice and @mpo erment, to study variousdevelopmental aspects of denotified and nomadic or semi&nomadic tribes in India.

21. 0ational Commission for Sc e&ule& Castes%o investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the $Cs, to inquire intospecific complaints on deprivation of rights of $Cs to participate and advice on the planning processof socioeconomic development of $Cs.

22. 0ational Commission for Sc e&ule& Tri5es%o investigate and monitor the matters relating to safeguards provided for $%s, to inquire into specificcomplaints on deprivation of rights of $%s.

23. 0ational Commission for 9omenInvestigation and e"amination of all matters relating to safeguards provided for omen, ta!e up casesrelating to omen to other authorities and to loo! into complaints relating to deprivation of omenAsrights.

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24. 0ational Commission on a5our %o revie and suggest improvement of labour standard.

2#. 0ational Commission on 6inorities%o evaluate the progress of the development of minorities under the #nion and $tates, loo! intocomplaints regarding the deprivation of minorities rights.

2'. 0ational Commission to Re ie t e 9or!ing of Constitution of In&ia

$tudy of or!ing of Constitution. in !ey area.2). 0ational %orest CommissionRevie and assessment of e"isting forest policy, legal frame or! on scientific and economic point ofe"amination of current statutes of forest administration and institutions and policy on development and

ild life management.

2+. 0ational :uman Rig ts CommissionReceiving complaint from victim, directions to Government, etc. and rehabilitation to victims.

2 . 0ational u&icial Commission +ppointment of 6udges in high (udiciary and transfer of >igh Court 6udges.

3/. 0ational no le&ge CommissionOn 4 6une, 7558 , the Prime =inister of India, -r. =anmohan $ingh, constituted the ;ational9no ledge Commission, as a thin!&tan! charged ith considering possible policy that might sharpenIndiaAs comparative advantage in the !no ledge&intensive service sectors. %he Commission as torecommend reform of the education sector, research labs, and intellectual property legislationB as ellas consider hether the Government could itself upgrade its use of the latest techniques to ma!e its

or!ings more transparent. %he ;9C ebsite as launched in 'ebruary 755 .

31. ;lanning Commission%o oversee the 8 years planning program for the economic development etc. in India.

32. Sa ariya Commission%o revie the PO%+ implementation in Centre and various $tates.

33. Sar!aria CommissionIt as set up in 6une /04 to e"amine the relationship and balance of po er bet een state andcentral governments in the country and suggest changes ithin the frame or! of Constitution of India.It as headed by 6ustice Ra(inder $ingh $ar!aria, a retired (udge of the $upreme Court of India.

34. S a Commissioninquire into all the e"cesses committed in the Indian @mergency 2 /:8 & ::3. It as headed by 6ustice6.C. $hah

3#. S a 0a a< Committee as an enquiry committee established in /8 to investigate the supposed death of Indian$ubhas Chandra )ose in +ugust /18. %he Committee included $hah ;a a< 9han.

3'. States Reorganisation Commissionconstituted by the Central Government of India under the $tates Reorganisation +ct and consisted of>on. 'a.;. 9un

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Committees in India

0utler "ommittee >elation between 7ndian states 9 paramount power

Eurtog "ommittee 3rowth of 0ritish 7ndia education its effects

;uddiman "ommittee Working of =iarchy as in ;ontague "helmsford reforms

;alhotra "ommittee 7nsurance >eforms

,anaki >am "ommittee Security Scam

A1ay @ikram Singh"ommittee aster promotions in Army

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>a1inder Sachar "ommittee "ompanies and ;>*+ Act

>a1indar Sachar "ommittee >eport on the social# economic and educational status of the;uslims of 7ndia.

,yoti 0asu "ommittee >eport on &ctroi abolition.

0alwant >ai ;ehta"ommittee >ecommendations on decentraliDation system

Sawant "ommittee !n2uiry on corruption# charges against ministers 9 Anna EaDare

"helliah "ommittee !radicating black money

Wanchoo "ommittee +ax en2uiry

0hanu *ratap Singh"ommittee Agriculture

Agarwal "ommittee Gepotism in granting petrol pump# H*3 connections

>angara1an "ommittee >eforms in private sector

Garesh "handra "ommittee "orporate governance

"hakravarti "ommittee 0anking sector reforms

>ekhi "ommittee Structure of indirect taxation

3.@.>amakrishna "ommittee =isinvestment in *S/ shares

Felkar "ommittee irst committee on backward castes

*.".Eotha "ommittee >estructuring of civil services

,ustice 0.G.Firpal "ommittee st chairman Gational orest "ommission

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3odbole "ommittee !nron *ower *ro1ect

,.".Fumarappa "ommittee "ongress agrarian >eforms "ommittee

Swaminathan "ommittee *opulation policy

>angara1u "ommittee Statistics

Wardha "ommittee 7n2uiry on murder of 3raham Staines

@ohra "ommittee "riminaliDation of politics

Felkar "ommittee =irect 7ndirect +axes

Alagh "ommittee "ivil Service !xaminations

Abid Eussain "ommittee >ecommendations on Small scale industries

Garasimham "ommittee 0anking sector reforms

"helliah "ommittee +ax reforms

;ashelkar "ommittee Gational Auto uel *olicy

0oothalingam "ommittee >ecommendations on integrated wages# income and price policy.

&mkar 3oswami "ommittee 7ndustrial sickness

Iashpal "ommittee >eview of School !ducation system

>am Gandan *rasad"ommittee "onstitution of creamy layers among 0ackward "astes.

Felkar "ommittee 4 !n2uiry on Fargil defense deals.

Saharya "ommittee +ehelka tape

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+mendments to the Indian Constitution

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Date of Enforce

mentObjectives

stamendm

ent

,une

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thamendm

ent

=ecember #

'88

7ndemnify 9 validate 1udgments# decrees# orders and sentencespassed by 1udges.

@alidate the appointment# posting# promotion and transfer of 1udges except those not eligible for appointment under article 44.

Amendment was needed to overcome the effect of 1udgementinvalidating appointments of certain 1udges in the state of /ttar

*radesh

thamendm

ent

April #'8:

7ncluded Sindhi as a Gational Hanguage

ndamendm

ent

September 6#

'8'*rovision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam

4rdamendm

ent

,anuary4# ':

!xtend reservation for S" S+ and nomination of Anglo 7ndianmembers in *arliament and State Assemblies for another ten

years i.e. up to 'estrict property rights and compensation in case the state takesover private property

8thamendm

ent

=ecember eorganiDation of ;iDoram into a /nion +erritory with a legislature

and council of ministers

ationaliDed "ivil Service rules to make it uniform across thoseappointed prior to 7ndependence and post independence

'thamendm

ent

,une '#':

*laces land reform acts and amendments to these act underSchedule ' of the constitution

4 thamendm

ebruary:# ':4

"hanges the basis for appeals in Supreme "ourt of 7ndia in case of "ivil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial 2uestion

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ent of law

4 thamendm

ent

&ctober:# ':4

7ncreased siDe of *arliament from 6 6 to 656 seats.7ncreased seats went to the new states formed in Gorth !ast 7ndia

and minor ad1ustment conse2uent to ': =elimitation exercise

4 ndamendm

ent

,uly #':5

*rotection of regional rights in +elangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra *radesh

44rdamendm

ent

;ay '#':5

*rescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliamentand state legislatures

*rescribes procedure for verification and acceptance of resignationby house speaker

45thamendm

ent

September :#

':5

*lace land reform acts and amendments to these act underSchedule ' of the constitution

46thamendm

ent

;arch #':6

+erms and "onditions for the 7ncorporation of Sikkim into the/nion of 7ndia

48thamendm

ent

April 8#':6

ormation of Sikkim as a State within the 7ndian /nion

4:thamendm

ent

;ay 4#':6

ormation of Arunachal *radesh legislative assembly

4

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5 thamendm

ent

September :#

':8

>aised >etirement Age Himit of "hairmen and ;embers of /nionand State *ublic "ommissions from sixty to sixty two.

5 ndamendm

ent

April #

'::

Amendment passed during internal emergency by 7ndira 3andhi.*rovides for curtailment of fundamental rights# imposes

fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of theconstitution by making 7ndia a OSocialist SecularO >epublic

54rdamendm

ent

April 4#':a1 as third level of administration in villages

:5thamendm

ent

,une #''4

Statutory provisions for Hocal Administrative bodies as third levelof administration in urban areas such as towns and cities

:6thamendm

ent

;ay 6#''5

*rovisions for setting up >ent "ontrol +ribunals

:8thamendm

ent

August4 # ''5

!nable continuance of 8'P reservation in +amil Gadu by includingthe relevant +amil Gadu Act under 'th Schedule of the constitution

::thamendm

ent

,une :#''6

A technical amendment to protect reservation to S" S+ !mployeesin promotions

:a1 institutions

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amendment

# state wise distribution of parliamentary seats

estrict the siDe of council of ministers to 6 P of legislativemembers 9 to strengthen Anti =efection laws

' ndamendm

ent

,anuary

:# 5

!nable Hevy of Service +ax

7nclude 0odo# =ogri# Santali and ;aithili as Gational Hanguages

'4rdamendm

ent

,anuary# 8

+o enable provision of reservation for other backward classes(&.0.".) in government as well as private educational institutions

'5thamendm

ent

,une #8

+o provide for a ;inister of +ribal Welfare in newly created,harkhand and "hhattisgarh States

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'6thamendm

ent

786anuary

75 5

!xtended the reservation of seats in Hok Sabha and StateAssemblies for S" and S+ from sixty to seventy years

'8thamendm

ent

74$eptembe

r 75

$ubstituted ?Odia? for ?Oriya?

':thamendm

ent

76anuary

75 7

+dded the ords ?or co&operative societies? in +rticle /2l32c3 and insertedarticle 14) i.e, Promotion of Co&operative $ocieties and added Part&ID) i.e,

%>@ CO&OP@R+%I @ $OCI@%I@