Politics In Planning
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Transcript of Politics In Planning
-Topic- Politics of PlanningBy :
Desy Rosnita SariP28017016
NCKUUrban Planning Department
1st PresentationSeminar 4th course
March 28th 2014
1/19
Planning in the Face of Power-- John Forester --Published in : Planning in the Face of Power (1989)
-- Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p;437Keywords : Information, Power, Planning, and Political communication
ARTICLES :
To be professionally effective, be politically articulate -- Norman Khrumholz and John Forester --
Published in : Making Equity Planning Work (1978) – Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p;456
Keywords : Politic planning, Planning practice, Planning profession, and Cleveland
Looking back; Making city planning work-- Allan B. Jacobs --Published in : Making city planning work (1980)
– Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p;426Keywords : Politic of planning, Planning profession, Planning process, and San Francisco
2/19
Motives for choosing the Topic and Articles
Allan B. Jacobs : Looking back; Making city planning workJohn Forester : Planning in the face of power
Norman Khrumholz : To be professionally effective, be politically articulate John Forester
1. Classic readings in urban planning
2. Intercourse between previous topics (last semester)
Ethics in profession, the environment,and conflicting priorities/planning goals
scope of the profession
Ethics in the profession
Challenge in the profession
“Planning is political”Planning profession certainly operate within the web of political relationship
3/19
Making city planning work (1980) Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p;426
Allan B. Jacobs December 29, 1928 (age 85)
Looking back; Making city planning work
BOOKS The Boulevard Book (2003), Great Streets (1995), Looking at Cities (1985), Making City Planning Work (1980), The
Urban Design Element of the San Francisco General Plan, Toward an Urban Design Manifesto (well-known paper describes how cities should be laid out)
• Bachelor of Architecture, Miami University • Master of City Planning, University of
Pennsylvania in 1954• Graduate School of Design, Harvard.• Study City Planning as a Fulbright Scholar at
University College London (1954 – 1955)
Present; Professor emeritus of city and regional planning. Berkeley University (1975 – 2001), twice served as chairman
Prior;Taught; Berkeley, University of PennsylvaniaWorked; The Pittsburgh City Planning projects, Ford Foundation in Calcutta. India8 years as Director of the San Francisco Department of City Planning (1967 – 1974)
(A city and regional planner, urban designer, architect)
Keywords: Politic of planning, Planning profession, Planning process, San Francisco
4/19
Looking Back.Jacobs’ reflection on his experiences as a planner----- mostly during his duty as San Francisco’s planning director (1967 - 1974).
• Pictured the flavor of doing planning under governmental setting (win/fail the battle)
• Conveying clear sense of the alternate moods of excitement, disappointment, challenge and frustration
• Revealing some strategies and tactics used by Jacobs and his agency in trying to influence various policy decisions in San Francisco.
• Both explicitly and implicitly informed that planning can indeed work if skilled, dedicated and committed people are willing to devote sufficient energy into it.
5/19
Comprehensive plan
Master plan
San Francisco
√
X
Based on large-measure on an assessment of the social and economic needs
Accompanied by a set of recommendation for programs and actions, which is all separate plan elements related
**Program that could be achieved via legislative action and directly under planning department of SF Government , is more likely to be successful
6/19
Long-range development goalPolicy documents, statistic picture of future, Dictated plan, inefficient planning process (too vague, too biased, too subjective, etc)
A frame work of plan that could lead planner to be easier to explain their idea and proposal that are preferable to the people
7/19
The post of city planning division
Planning as Legitimate product
Executive in local government
• Comprehensive planning with long-range action• More likely understand people needs • Planning proposal can be propose before election• Another option for people to connect with
government • Legitimate action / top-down plan (dictated plan /
copy from favorite type) but tends to success• Inefficient planning process (too many programs)• Commission as buffer from private’s demand
Planning commission
• Mayor’s short range-plan (practical an visible goal)
• Planning director limited by administrative set-up
decentralization Semi-autonomy
8/19
Jacobs’ stressed points:
• Qualified, trained, dedicated planner
• Bottom-up planning with qualified planner (responsiveness than efficient)
• Planner limitation may substitute by consultant (cooperation)
• Planner have strong argument upon their utopia prediction/vision
• Best plan is planed locally, developed locally, and used local resource (advocacy planning)
9/19
“Victory today, over the wrong thing in the wrong place, does not ensure that the same battle will not have to be fought tomorrow or the next day, .....................,city planners may have a hard time knowing when they have been successful, it is hard to know what constituted a good batting average......in many cities, success is measured by what happens, by what gets done, by what is accomplished..... we are accustom to think that way, BUT sometimes it is better to measure success by measure what does not happen"..............Allan B. Jacobs - Making city planning work (1978)
Quotations
Aceh Comprehensive planning(social economic relationship and strategic)• HRD VS quality of urban environment (scholarship VS Museum) • Women empowering VS physical project (skill raining VS Elegant Mall)• Conservation VS Urban artifact (forest protection VS city park)
10/19
John F. Forester
Planning in the face of power
English Town Planner, Urbanist, Geographer
Professor and Director of Graduate Studies -Department of City and Regional PlanningCornell University.
Critical Theory and Public Life (1987), Planning in the Face of Power (1989), The Deliberative Practitioner (1999), Dealing with Differences: Dramas of Mediating Public Disputes (2009).
Graduate from University of California, Berkeley**City Planning
BOOKS (emphasis on participatory planning)
Published in : Planning in the Face of Power (1989) -- Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p;437Keywords : information, power, planning, and political communication
11/19
Vulnerability of democracy
Professional responsibility
Political action
domination
inequality
Ideology
Illegitimate authorityResistance
Democratizing practices
1. How planners work to fulfill their legal mandate for foster a genuinely democratic planning process?
2. What power can planner have?
12/19
• Information is an important source of planner’s power in the planning process
• requests planners to be progressive practitioners
Forester’s argument
5 perspectives of how planner use information:
1. The technician2. The incremental pragmatist3. The liberal advocate4. The structuralist5. The progressive
13/19
Type of misinformation / distortion Incidental / Ad Hoc Systematic structural
inevitablecognitive limits of
communicationdivision of labor
unnecessary interpersonal manipulationstructural
legitimization
• Comprehension (distorted by problem framing)• Sincerity or trust (distorted by false assurance)• Legitimacy (distorted by lack of consent) • Knowledge (distorted by misrepresentation)
Managing Misinformation:
distortion
14/19
BOOKS
To be professionally effective, be politically articulate
Published in : Making Equity Planning Work (1978) Keywords : politic planning, planning practice, planning profession, Cleveland
Norman Khrumholz
John Forester
Professor in Levin College of Urban Affairs President of the American Planning Association (1986-1987)President of the American Institute of Certified Planners (1999)Planning Director of the City of Cleveland from 1969-1979 (10 years) Planning practitioner in Ithaca, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland
Norman Khrumholz
Making Equity Planning Work (1978)Revitalizing Urban Neighborhoods (1999)Reinventing Cities: Equity Planners Tell Their Stories (1994)
*Legacy : Center for Neighborhood Development. Cleveland State University.President Jimmy Carter asked him to serve on the National Commission on Neighborhoods, whose members traveled around the country and held hearings on neighborhoods’ needs.
M.C.R.P., Planning, Cornell University, 1965
To be professionally effective, be politically articulate
• A review of Cleveland political experience in the practice of equity planning during his duty (Planning Director; 1969-1979)
• In the time of equality and racial justice issues emerged in the nation
• Progressively program and policies that resulted;*changes in Ohio’s property law*improvement in public-service delivery*protection in transit services for the most transit-dependent *rescue of city parklands and beach
Question : How was this successes accomplished ?
“To play an effective role in the messy world of urban politic, planner have to be professional able, organizationally astute, and, most of all, politically articulate.”
1. Anticipating problems and organizing support2. Shaping the new agenda 3. Building a reputation for practical equity-oriented analysis4. Practical rhetoric and publicity5. Relation with the media6. Strengthening planning analyses by using outside expertise
6 aspect planner should has for being politically articulate :
Xie Xie NiThank You
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