Silverman, Jason M. ; Waerzeggers, Caroline, eds.

Political memory in and after the persian empire

Documento de investigación

Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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Silverman, Jason M. and Caroline Waerzeggers, eds. Political memory in and after the persian empire [en línea]. Ancient Near East Monographs = Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente 13. Buenos Aires : Society of Biblical Literature ; Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente, Universidad Católica Argentina, 2015. Disponible en: http://bibliotecadigital.uca.edu.ar/repositorio/investigacion/political-memory-persian-empire.pdf [Fecha de consulta: ….]

Ancient Near East MonographsMonografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente

Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA)

Electronic open access edition (ISBN 978-0-88414-089-4) available at http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/Books_ANEmonographs.aspx.

Cover photo: Zev Radovan/BibleLandPictures.com

At its height, the Persian Empire stretched from India to Libya, uniting the entire Near East under the rule of a single Great King for the � rst time in history. Many groups in the area had long-lived traditions of indigenous kingship, but these were either abolished or adapted to � t the new frame of universal Persian rule. � is book explores the ways in which people from Rome, Egypt, Babylonia, Israel, and Iran interacted with kingship in the Persian Empire and how they remembered and reshaped their own indigenous traditions in response to these experiences. � e contributors are Björn Anderson, Seth A. Bledsoe, Henry P. Colburn, Geert De Breucker, Benedikt Eckhardt, Kiyan Foroutan, Lisbeth S. Fried, Olaf E. Kaper, Alesandr V. Makhlaiuk, Christine Mitchell, John P. Nielsen, Eduard Rung, Jason M. Silverman, Květa Smoláriková, R. J. van der Spek, Caroline Waerzeggers, Melanie Wasmuth, and Ian Douglas Wilson.

JASON M. SILVERMAN is a postdoctoral researcher in the Faculty of � eology at the University of Helsinki. He is the author of Persepolis and Jerusalem: Iranian In� uence on the Apocalyptic Hermeneutic (T&T Clark) and the editor of Opening Heaven’s Floodgates: � e Genesis Flood Narrative, Its Context and Reception (Gorgias). CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS is Associate Professor of Assyriology at Leiden University. She is the author of Marduk-rēmanni: Local Networks and Imperial Politics in Achaemenid Babylonia (Peeters) and � e Ezida Temple of Borsippa: Priesthood, Cult, Archives (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten).

POLIT

ICA

L MEM

ORY

IN A

ND

AFT

ER T

HE PER

SIAN

EMPIR

ESilverm

an W

aerzeggers

POLITICAL MEMORY IN AND AFTER THE

PERSIAN EMPIRE

Edited by Jason M. Silverman and Caroline Waerzeggers

Ancient Near East Monographs Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente

Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA)

POLITICAL MEMORY IN AND AFTER THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

Ancient Near East Monographs

General EditorsEhud Ben Zvi

Roxana Flammini Alan Lenzi

Juan Manuel Tebes

Editorial BoardReinhard Achenbach

Esther J. HamoriSteven W. Holloway

René Krüger Steven L. McKenzie

Martti Nissinen Graciela Gestoso Singer

Number 13

POLITICAL MEMORY IN AND AFTER THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

Edited by

Jason M. Silverman and Caroline Waerzeggers

SBL PressAtlanta

Copyright © 2015 by SBL Press

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit-ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous-ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.

The Library of Congress has catalogued the print edition:

Political memory in and after the Persian Empire / edited by Jason M. Silverman and Caroline Waerzeggers.

p. cm. — (Ancient Near Eastern monographs ; no. 13)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-88414-088-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-089-4 (ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-090-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)1. Achaemenid dynasty, 559 B.C.–330 B.C.—Historiography. 2. Iran—Civiliza-

tion—To 640—Historiography. 3. Iran—Historiography—History. I. Silverman, Jason M. II. Waerzeggers, Caroline.

DS281.P65 2015935'.05072—dc23 2015030956

Printed on acid-free paper.

Contents

Abbreviations ...................................................................................................vii

Assessing Persian Kingship in the Near East: An IntroductionJason M. Silverman and Caroline Waerzeggers .....................................1

The End of the Lydian Kingdom and the Lydians after CroesusEduard Rung ...............................................................................................7

Persian Memories and the Programmatic Nature of Nabataean Funerary Architecture

Björn Anderson ........................................................................................27

“I Overwhelmed the King of Elam”: Remembering Nebuchadnezzar I in Persian Babylonia

John P. Nielsen ..........................................................................................53

Heroes and Sinners: Babylonian Kings in Cuneiform Historiography of the Persian and Hellenistic Periods

Geert De Breucker ....................................................................................75

Facts, Propaganda, or History? Shaping Political Memory in the Nabonidus Chronicle

Caroline Waerzeggers ..............................................................................95

Petubastis IV in the Dakhla Oasis: New Evidence about an Early Rebellion against Persian Rule and Its Suppression in Political Memory

Olaf E. Kaper ...........................................................................................125

Udjahorresnet: The Founder of the Saite-Persian Cemetery at Abusir and His Engagement as Leading Political Person during the Troubled Years at the Beginning of the Twenty-Seventh Dynasty

Květa Smoláriková ..................................................................................151

Memories of the Second Persian Period in EgyptHenry P. Colburn ...................................................................................165

Political Memory in the Achaemenid Empire: The Integration of Egyptian Kingship into Persian Royal Display

Melanie Wasmuth ..................................................................................203

Conflicting Loyalties: King and Context in the Aramaic Book of Ahiqar

Seth A. Bledsoe .......................................................................................239

Achaemenid Religious Policy after the Seleucid Decline: Case Studies in Political Memory and Near Eastern Dynastic Representation

Benedikt Eckhardt ..................................................................................269

Memory and Images of Achaemenid Persia in the Roman EmpireAleksandr V. Makhlaiuk ........................................................................299

Yahweh’s Anointed: Cyrus, Deuteronomy’s Law of the King, and Yehudite Identity

Ian Douglas Wilson ................................................................................325

The Testament of Darius (DNa/DNb) and Constructions of Kings and Kingship in 1–2 Chronicles

Christine Mitchell ..................................................................................363

No King in Judah? Mass Divorce in Judah and in AthensLisbeth S. Fried .......................................................................................381

References to Zoroastrian Beliefs and Principles or an Image of the Achaemenid Court in Nehemiah 2:1–10?

Kiyan Foroutan .......................................................................................403

From Remembering to Expecting the “Messiah”: Achaemenid Kingship as (Re)formulating Apocalyptic Expectations of David

Jason M. Silverman ................................................................................419

Coming to Terms with the Persian Empire: Some Concluding Remarks and Responses

R. J. van der Spek ....................................................................................447

Index of Ancient Sources..............................................................................479Index of Modern Authors.............................................................................490

vi CONTENTS

Abbreviations

Abbreviations of the works and names of classical authors, of editions of ancient texts, and of reference works generally follow the conventions of the Oxford Classical Dictionary. The standard siglum for Old Persian royal inscriptions is by initial letter of the king’s name, letter for the location, and lowercase letter for the order of its discovery; thus, DNa stands for Darius (I), Naqš-ī Rustam, first inscription.

ÄA Ägyptologische AbhandlungenAB Anchor BibleABC A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles.

Toronto, 1975AcIr Acta IranicaADOG Abhandlungen der deutschen OrientgesellschaftAfO Archiv für OrientforschungAHB Ancient History BulletinAJA American Journal of ArchaeologyAJN American Journal of NumismaticsAJPh American Journal of PhilologyAJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and LiteratureAMI Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und TuranAMIE Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran Ergänzungs-

bandAnOr Analecta OrientaliaANEM Ancient Near East MonographsAOAT Alter Orient und Altes TestamentAoF Altorientalische ForschungenAPF Archiv für PapyrusforschungAPSP American Philosophical Society ProceedingsARTA Achaemenid Research on Texts and ArchaeologyASAE Annales du service des antiquités de l’Égypte

-vii -

ASAW Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissen-schaften

BA Biblical ArchaeologistBAI Bulletin of the Asia InstituteBASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental ResearchBCHP I. L. Finkel and R. J. van der Spek, Babylonian Chron-

icles of the Hellenistic Period. http://www.livius.org/sources/about/mesopotamian-chronicles/

BBB Bonner biblische BeiträgeBBR Bulletin for Biblical ResearchBBSt L. W. King, Babylonian Boundary-Stones and Memo-

rial-Tablets. London, 1912BCSMS Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian

StudiesBdÉ Bibliothèque d’ÉtudesBICS Bulletin of the Institute of Classical StudiesBIFAO Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientaleBJS Brown Judaic StudiesBJSUC Biblical and Judaic Studies from the University of Cali-

forniaBKAT Biblischer Kommentar zum Alten TestamentBM siglum of cuneiform tablets in the British MuseumBN Biblische NotizenBNJ Brill’s New Jacoby. Edited by Ian Worthington. Leiden,

2006–BO Bibliotheca OrientalisBSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African StudiesBZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wis-

senschaftCA Classical AntiquityCDAFI Cahiers de la Délégation Archéologique Française en

IranCDOG Colloquien der deutschen OrientgesellschaftCHANE Culture and History of the Ancient Near EastChrEg Chronique d’ÉgypteCIS Corpus inscriptionum semiticarumCJ The Classical JournalCLeO Classica et OrientaliaCMG Corpus Medicorum Graecorum

viii ABBREVIATIONS

Corp. paroem. gr. E. L. von Leutsch and F. G. Scheidewin, Corpus Paroe-miographorum Graecorum. Göttingen, 1839–1859

COS The Context of Scripture. Edited by W. W. Hallo. 3 vols. Leiden, 1997–

CQ Classical QuarterlyCR Classical ReviewCRAI Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscrip-

tions et Belles-LettresCT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British

Museum. London 1896–CTMMA 2 I. Spar and W. G. Lambert, Cuneiform Texts in the Met-

ropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 2: Literary and Scholastic Texts of the First Millennium B.C. New York, 2005

CW Classical WorldDCLS Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature StudiesEA Egyptian ArchaeologyEPRO Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans

l’Empire romainGR Greece and RomeHBT Horizons in Biblical TheologyHSM Harvard Semitic MonographsHThKAT Herders Theologisches Kommentar zum Alten Testa-

mentHTR Harvard Theological ReviewIG3 I Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores. Fasc. 1.

Decreta et tabulae magistratuum. Volumen I. Editio tertia. Edited by David Lewis. Berlin, 1981

IOS Israel Oriental StudiesIrAnt Iranica AntiquaJA Journal AsiatiqueJAAR Journal of the American Academy of ReligionJAJSup Journal of Ancient Judaism Supplement SeriesJAOS Journal of the American Oriental SocietyJCSMS Journal of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian

StudiesJEA Journal of Egyptian ArchaeologyJEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genoot-

schap Ex Oriente LuxJHebS Journal of Hebrew Scriptures

ABBREVIATIONS ix

x ABBREVIATIONS

JHS Journal of Hellenic StudiesJJP Journal of Juristic PapyrologyJJS Journal of Jewish StudiesJNES Journal of Near Eastern StudiesJRA Journal of Roman ArchaeologyJRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic SocietyJRS Journal of Roman StudiesJSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Helle-

nistic, and Roman PeriodJSJS Supplements to the Journal for the Study of JudaismJSOT Journal for the Study of the Old TestamentJSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supple-

ment SeriesJSPSup Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Supple-

ment SeriesJSRC Jerusalem Studies in Religion and CultureJSS Journal of Semitic StudiesJSSEA Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiqui-

tiesJSSSup Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement SeriesJTS Journal of Theological StudiesLBAT T. G. Pinches and J. N. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian

Astronomical and Related Texts. Edited by A. J. Sachs. Brown University Studies 18. Providence, RI, 1955

LCL Loeb Classical LibraryLGG Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnun-

gen. Edited by Christian Leitz. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 110–116, 129. 8 vols. Leuven, 2002–2003

LGPN Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. Edited by P. M. Fraser and E. Matthews. Vols. 1–5a. Oxford, 1987–2010

LHBOTS Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament StudiesLSJ Liddell, H. G., R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English

Lexicon. 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford, 1996

LSTS Library of Second Temple StudiesMDAI Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen InstitutsMDAIK Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts,

Abteilung Kairo

ABBREVIATIONS xi

MDP Mémoires de la Délégation en PerseNbn. Inschriften von Nabonidus, König von Babylon. J. N.

Strassmaier. Babylonische Texte 1–4. Leipzig, 1889NINO Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije OostenNRSV New Revised Standard Version of the BibleOBO Orbis biblicus et orientalisOBO SA Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Series archeologicaOGIS Orientis graeci inscriptiones selectae. Edited by W. Dit-

tenberger. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1903–1905OIP Oriental Institute PublicationsOIS Oriental Institute SeminarsOLA Orientalia Lovaniensia AnalectaOLZ Orientalistische LiteraturzeitungOr Orientalia (NS)PBA Proceedings of the British AcademyPDÄ Probleme der ÄgyptologiePEQ Palestine Exploration QuarterlyPF siglum of tablets of the Persepolis Fortification archivePIHANS Publications de l’Institut historique-archéologique

néerlandais de StamboulPMMA Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Egyptian ExpeditionRA Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientaleRBPH Revue belge de philologie et d’histoireRE Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertums-

wissenschaftRÉA Revue des Études AnciennesREg Revue d’ÉgyptologieREG Revue des Études GrecquesRevPhil Revue de philologie, de littérature et d’histoire anciennesRGRW Religions in the Graeco-Roman WorldRIMB The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Babylonian

PeriodsRINAP The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian PeriodRlA Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Edited by Erich Ebeling et

al. Berlin, 1928–RT Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologieSAA 8 H. Hunger, Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. State

Archives of Assyria 8. Helsinki, 1992

xii ABBREVIATIONS

SAOC Studies in Ancient Oriental CivilizationSardis, VII, 1 Sardis, VII, 1: Greek and Latin Inscriptions. Edited by

W. H. Buckler and D. M. Robinson. Leiden, 1932SBLWAW Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the

Ancient WorldSCO Studi Classici e OrientaliSecCent Second Century: A Journal of Early Christian StudiesSEG Supplementum epigraphicum graecumSJ Studia JudaicaSNG Cop. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Royal Collection of

Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum. Copen-hagen, 1942–1979

SNG von Aulock Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Sammlung Hans von Aulock. Berlin, 1957–1968

SpTU Spätbabylonische Texte aus UrukStudDem Studia DemoticaTAM V 1–2 Tituli Asiae Minoris. Volumen V: Tituli. Lydiae, linguis

graeca et latina conscripti. Fasc.1–2. Edited by Peter Herrmann. Vienna, 1981, 1989

TCL 12 G. Contenau, Contrats néo-babyloniens, vol. 1: De Téglath-Pileser III à Nabonide. Textes cunéiformes du Musée du Louvre 12. Paris, 1927

TCS Texts from Cuneiform SourcesTod II Marcus N. Tod, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscrip-

tions. Volume II. Oxford, 1948Transeu TranseuphratèneTSAJ Texte und Studien zum Antiken JudentumVT Vetus TestamentumWb Wörterbuch der aegyptische Sprache. 6 vols. Edited by

Adolf Erman and Herrmann Grapow. 4th ed. Berlin, 1982

WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testa-ment

WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des MorgenlandesYBC siglum of cuneiform tablets in Yale Babylonian Collec-

tionYNER Yale Near Eastern ResearchesZA Zeitschrift für AssyriologieZÄS Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde

ABBREVIATIONS xiii

ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche WissenschaftZDPV Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-VereinsZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik