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POLITICAL DYNASTY

A family that has several members in elected government positions.For decades, wealthy and powerful families have dominated politics in the Philippines, concentrating power to the elite families, promoting corruption and abuse of power.Political dynasties are observed to have began in the early 20th century during the American colonial period when voting was limited to rich and landed Filipinos who monopolized public office. In other words, the lopsided structure of opportunities and the social and economic inequalities allow a few --both in the administration and opposition --to monopolize wealth and political power.

Of the 80 provinces covered in the Philippines, 73 provinces have political families.-United Nations Development Programme

.There are at least two dominant political clans in most of the provinces.-United Nations Development Programme1Abad Family (Batanes)2Abalos Family (Mandaluyong City)3Abaya Family (Cavite)4Acosta Family (Bukidnon)5Aguilar(-Villar) Family (Las Pias City & Muntinlupa City)6Albano Family (Isabela)7Alcala Family (Quezon)8Alfaro-Alfelor Family (Camarines Sur & Bulacan)9Almario Family (Davao Oriental)10Alonto Family (Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte)11Ampatuan Family (Maguindanao)12Andal-Contreras Family (Oriental Mindoro)13Angara Family (Aurora)14Antonino Family (Nueva Ecija, La Union & General Santos City)15Aquino Family (Sorsogon, Agusan del Sur & CARAGA)16Arroyo Family (Pampanga)17Asistio Family (Caloocan City)18Atienza Family (Manila)19Bagatsing Family (Manila and Muntinlupa City)20Barzaga Family (Cavite)21Belmonte Family (Quezon City)22Bernabe Family (Paraaque City)23Binay Family (Makati City)24Caorong Family (Lanao del Norte;Kauswagan, Iligan City)25Calalay Family (Quezon City)26Calixto Family (Pasay City)27Castelo Family (Quezon City)28Cayetano Family (Muntinlupa, Pateros and Taguig)29Cerilles Family (Zamboanga del Sur)30Climaco Family (Zamboanga City)

31Cortes Family (Mandaue)32Cojuangco(-Aquino) Family (Tarlac)33Crisologo Family (Ilocos Sur)34Cua Family (Quirino)35Cuenco Family (Cebu)36Datumulok Family (Lanao del Sur)37Defensor Family (Iloilo and Quezon City)38De Venecia (Pangasinan)39Del Mar Family (Cebu)40Dimaporo Family (Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur)41Dominguez Family42Dumlao Family (Nueva Vizcaya)43Duterte Family (Davao City)44Dy Family (Isabela)45Echiverri Family (Caloocan City)46Ecleo Family (Dinagat Islands)47Ejercito Family (Estrada/Estregan Family) (Laguna, Manila, Quezon, and San Juan City)48Escudero Family (Sorsogon)49Espinosa/Martinez Family (Cebu/Masbate/Iloilo City)50Eusebio Family (Pasig)51Fajardo Family (Nueva Ecija )52Fua Family (Siquijor)53Fuentebella Family (Camarines Sur, Negros)54Gaje/Locsin Family (Negros Occidental, Iloilo)55Galicia Family (Davao Region)56Garcia Family (Bataan)57Garcia Family (Cebu)58Garcia Family (Davao City)59Garin Family (Iloilo)60Gatchalian Family (Valenzuela City)

61Gomez Family (Laguna)62Gordon Family (Zambales)63Guingona Family (Agusan, Bukidnon, Negros Oriental and Misamis Oriental)64Imperial Family (Albay)65Jaen Family (Leganes, Iloilo)66Jagunap Family (Leganes, Iloilo)67Jalandoni Jover Family (Iloilo City)68Jalosjos Family (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay)69Javier Family (Navotas)70Noriel-Joson Family (Nueva Ecija)71Lacson Family (Antique, Cavite, Negros Occidental and Manila)72Lapid Family (Pampanga)73Lapus Family (Tarlac)74Laurel Family (Batangas)75Lecaroz Family (Marinduque and Batangas)76Lim Family (Southern Leyte)77Lobregat Family (Zamboanga City)78Lim Family (Palawan)79Maliksi Family (Cavite)80Manrique Family (Boac, Marinduque)81Mangudadatu Family (Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao )82Macapagal Family (Pampanga)83Madrigal Family84Magsaysay Family (Zambales)85Masigan Family (Isabela)86Mastura Family (Maguindanao)87Mendiola/Siojo/Mercado Family (Bulacan, Pampanga, Mindoro, Samar)88Mitra Family (Palawan)89Nepomuceno Family (Pampanga)90Olivarez Family (Paraaque City)91Ortega Family (La Union, Negros Oriental)92Osmea Family (Cebu)93Pacquiao Family (Sarangani)94Pimentel Family (Cagayan de Oro)95Plaza Family (Agusan del Sur, Agusan del Norte, Cagayan)

96Ponce Enrile Family (Cagayan)97Rama Family (Cebu)98Ramos Family (Pangasinan)99Recto Family (Batangas)100Remulla Family (Cavite)101Revilla Family (Cavite)102Reyes Family (Marinduque)103Reyes Family (Palawan)104Robredo Family (Camarines Sur)105Roco Family (Camarines Sur)106Roman Family (Bataan)107Romualdez/Marcos (Leyte, Ilocos Norte)108Romulo Family (Quezon City,Pasig and (Valenzuela)109Roxas Family (Capiz)110Santillan Family (Batangas, Cavite, Manila, Antique, Albay, Pampanga)111Sarmiento Family (Buenavista, Marinduque)112Singson/ Gacula (Ilocos Sur)113Sinsuat Family (Maguindanao)114Sotto Family (Cebu, Quezon City & Paranaque)115Suarez Family (Quezon)116Teves Family (Negros Oriental and Muntinlupa)117Tiangco Family (Navotas)118Taada Family (Quezon)119Tolentino Family (Cavite)120Ty Family (Surigao del Sur)121Umali Family (Nueva Ecija)122Uy Family (Isabela)123Uy Family (Zamboanga del Norte)124Violago Family (Nueva Ecija)125Villafuerte Family (Camarines Sur)126Villarreal Family127Ynares Family (Rizal)128Zubiri Family (Bukidnon)

1987 CONSTITUTIONARTICLE 2, SECTION 26THE STATE SHALL PROMOTE EQUAL ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC SERVICE, AND PROHIBIT POLITICAL DYNASTY AS MAY BE DEFINED BY LAW.

Salient Provisions of HB 172 The Anti-Political Dynasty Act of 2013Sec. 3 Definition of TermsPolitical Dynasty. The concentration, consolidation or perpetuation of public office and political power by persons related to one another.

Political Dynasty Relationship. Exists when a person who is the spouse of an incumbent elective official or a relative within the second civil degree of consanguinity or affinity of an incumbent elective official holds or runs for an elective office simultaneously with the incumbent elective official within the same city and/or province or occupies the same office immediately after the term of office of the incumbent elective official.

It is deemed to exist where two or more persons who are spouses or are related within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity run simultaneously for elective office within the same city and /or province, even if neither is so related to an incumbent elective official.

Sec. 5. Prohibited Acts.No spouse, or person related within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, whether legitimate or illegitimate, full or half blood, to an incumbent elective official seeking re-election shall be allowed to hold or run for any elective office in the same province in the same election.

In case the constituency of the incumbent elective official is national in character, the above relatives shall be disqualified from running only within the same province where the former is a registered voter.

In cases where none of the candidates is related to an incumbent elective official within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, but are, related to one another within the said prohibited degree, they, including their spouses, shall be disqualified from holding or running for any local elective office within the same province in the same election.

Furthermore, in all cases, no person within the prohibited civil degree of relationship to the incumbent shall immediately succeed to the position of the latter: Provided however, that this Section shall not apply toPunong Barangaysor members of theSangguniang Barangay.