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Transcript of Political Attitudes in the Arab World: Findings from the First Wave of the Arab Barometer Mark...
Political Attitudes in the Arab World:
Findings from the First Wave
of the Arab Barometer
Mark Tessler
University of Michigan
• Jordan: Center for Strategic Studies, University of Jordan
• Palestine: Center for Policy and Survey Research, Ramallah
• Morocco: team at Hassan II University-Mohammadia• Algeria: team at University of Algiers• Kuwait: team at Kuwait University• Yemen: team at Yemen Interactions • Lebanon: team at Statistics Lebanon• U.S. Partners: University of Michigan, Princeton
University
The Arab Barometer Project
The Arab Barometer Web site, with postings in both Arabic and English, may be found at http://www.arabbarometer.org/. The site contains information about the Barometer, a summary of findings,
and selected descriptive and analytical reports
• The Arab Barometer, while independent in both design and content, cooperates with a number of other regional barometers and with other Arab and international public opinion and political reform projects.
Web sites for some of these are listed below.
• Global Barometer Surveys http://www.globalbarometer.net/ • Sub-Sahara African Barometer http://www.afrobarometer.org/ • Latin America Barometer http://www.latinobarometro.org/index.php?id=150
• East Asian Barometer http://www.asianbarometer.org/newenglish/introduction/ • Arab Reform Initiative http://www.arab-reform.net/ • World Values Survey http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ • Program on Governance in the Arab Region http://www.pogar.org/ • Latin American Public Opinion Project http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/
Seven Representative National Surveys in 2006-2007: Selected Topics
• Political Interest and Participation
• Candidate and Leadership Qualifications
• Trust in Political Institutions
• Political System Preferences
• Religion in Political Affairs
Very Often Often Rarely Never0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
22
35
27
15
Do You Follow News about Government and Politics in (Respondent’s Country)
Jordan Palestine Algeria Morocco Kuwait Lebanon Yemen0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
16
44
14 18 18
32
13
34
35
3233
43
35
34
Often
Very Often
Follows News about Government and Politics by Country (All=57%)
Neither Vote Only Vote and Rally
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
38 39
23
Electoral Participation: Voted in the Most Recent Election and Attended a Campaign Rally
Mal
e
Femal
e
Primar
y
Secon
dary
Post-S
econ
dary
18-2
425
-34
35-4
4
45 a
nd Old
er0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
1620
2327
1823
2723
Percentage Who Voted in Last Election and Attended a Campaign Rally by Sex, Education and Age (All=23%)
Party
Affi
lia...
Level
of E
duc...
Religi
osity
Issue A
gree
...0
102030405060708090
31
6754 56
24
21
24 26
Important
Very Impor-tant
How Important Would You Consider Each of the Following Factors When Deciding Which
Candidate To Support in an Election
Very Important Important Unimportant0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
60
34
6
How Important Is Each of the Following as a Qualification for National Leadership:
Openness to Diverse Political Ideas
Prime Minister Courts Parliament Political Parties05
101520253035404550
21 1915
8
29 31
28
21Much
Very Much
How Much Trust Do you Have In Each of the Following Political Institutions
05
1015202530354045
38
21
41
Some People Have Said that the Arab World Lags Behind Other Regions. To the Extent This Is the
Case, Which Statement Best Expresses Your Opinion about Responsibility for this Situation?
Mal
e
Femal
e
Primar
y
Secon
dary
Post-S
econ
dary
18-2
425
-34
35-4
4
45 a
nd Old
er0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
29 29 2934
2631 29 28 28
Percentage with Very Much or Much Trust in Political Parties by Sex, Education and Age (All=29%)
Electoral Participation by Trust in Political Parties
Very Much or Much Trust
Little or No Trust10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
29
4037 39
32
21
Neither
Vote Only
Vote and Rally
Jordan Palestine Algeria Morocco Kuwait Lebanon Yemen0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3025
32
57
37
48
28
55 5851
35
52
4450
15 17 17
8 11 8
22
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Democracy May Have Its Problems but Is Better than Any Other Form of Government
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1324
37
30
Agree
Strongly Agree
There Is a Substantial Division of Opinion about the Role of Religion in Political Affairs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
8389
1711
Agree Democracy Best Despite Problems
Not Agree Democracy Best Despite Problems
Support for Democracy Is Not Influenced by Views about the Role of Religion in Political Affairs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8 5
241518 15
50
65
Very Suitable
Suitable
A Little Suitable
Not Suitable at All
Would Each of the Following Be a Suitable Way of Governing Your Country:
A Parliament with Only Islamic Parties
Mal
e
Femal
e
Primar
y
Secon
dary
Post-S
econ
dary
18-2
425
-34
35-4
4
45 a
nd Old
er30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
54 54 54 55 53 53 52 55 58
Percentage Who Strongly Agree or Agree that Religion and Politics Should Be Separated
by Sex, Education and Age (All=54%)
Views about Religion in Political Affairs by Frequency of Reading the Quran
Reads Quran Daily (21%)
Several Times a
Week (24%)
Sometimes (30%)
Rarely or Never (25%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5448
42 424652
58 58
Religion Should Not Be Separated from Politics
Religion Should Be Separated from Politics
Views about Religion in Political Affairs by Evaluation of Political Situation
40
45
50
55
60
57
43
56
44
53
4749
51
Religion Should Not Be Sepa-rated from Politics
Religion Should Be Separated from Poli-tics
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
38 3738 39
24 24
Neither
Vote Only
Vote and Rally
Electoral Participation by Views about Islam in Politics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
70 73
30 27
Little or No Trust
Much or Very Much Trust
Trust in Political Partiesby Views about Islam in Politics
Only 50-60 Percent Report Political Interest and Involvement
Education and Openness to Diverse Political Ideas Considered Important Qualifications for Political Office and Leadership
Only about 50 Percent Trust Political Institutions; Even Fewer Have Much Trust in Political Parties
Most Believe Democracy Is the Best Political System; There is Disagreement about Whether Religion Should Play a Role in Political Affairs
Religiosity and Unfavorable Political Judgments Are Associated Support for Religion in Political Affairs; This Support Is Not Associated with Political Involvement or Trust in Political Parties
Some General Conclusions