Politecnico di Milano 20-21 Gennaio 20051 From Research to Policy: Future Developments at Airports...

Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano20-21 Gennaio 200520-21 Gennaio 2005 11

From Research to Policy:From Research to Policy:

Future Developments at Airports in the Future Developments at Airports in the Vision 2020Vision 2020

Presented byPresented by

Cesare BernabeiCesare Bernabei

Directorate General for Energy and TransportEuropean Commission

22Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano20-21 Gennaio 200520-21 Gennaio 2005

ContentsContents

• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System

• The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative

• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN

• VideoVideo

• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy

• The Way Forward The Way Forward


ContentsContents




• VideoVideo


• The Way ForwardThe Way Forward


The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System

Is growing steadily since the last ten years Is growing steadily since the last ten years and it is expected to do so…and it is expected to do so…

……despite the 9/11 event, the SARS,…despite the 9/11 event, the SARS,…

for the next twenty years will keep on for the next twenty years will keep on growinggrowing


Typical summer daily traffic 2003Typical summer daily traffic 2003


Typical summer daily traffic 2025Typical summer daily traffic 2025



How does it work?

Who are the main actors?

What are the major issues of the system?

How is it regulated?



The system, The system, at large, includes: large, includes:

service providers, service providers,

airport authorities, airport authorities,

operators, operators,

airspace users, airspace users,

regulators, regulators,

Infrastructures and…Infrastructures and…

passengers



The system as any other includes:The system as any other includes:

Social aspectsSocial aspects

Economical aspectsEconomical aspects

Regulatory aspectsRegulatory aspects

Air Traffic Management aspectsAir Traffic Management aspects



Let’s focus on theLet’s focus on the

Air Traffic Management aspects for Air Traffic Management aspects for airportsairports


ContentsContents




• VideoVideo




The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative

Through its Regulations onThrough its Regulations on

Organisation and Use of the AirspaceOrganisation and Use of the Airspace

Provision of Air Navigation ServicesProvision of Air Navigation Services

Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management Network Management Network

will provide the frame for the Airspacewill provide the frame for the Airspace



While the new regulations on the airspace provide While the new regulations on the airspace provide a more efficient system, the airports will become a more efficient system, the airports will become the real bottle-neck for aviation.the real bottle-neck for aviation.



In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in Europe, there are three options:Europe, there are three options:

enlarge, build new airportsenlarge, build new airports

better use of existing ones, including regional better use of existing ones, including regional airports airports

improve the efficiency and management at improve the efficiency and management at existing airportsexisting airports



While While

• the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and long-term planning, long-term planning, (enlarge/ build new airports)(enlarge/ build new airports)

• the second is certainly being exploited whenever possible, the second is certainly being exploited whenever possible, but with certain conditions but with certain conditions (regional airports)(regional airports)

• the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and time-saving time-saving (improve efficiency & management)(improve efficiency & management)

•So…So…


What can Research do in order to What can Research do in order to help Policy to establish effective help Policy to establish effective

regulations for a regulations for a

•safe, safe,

•efficient efficient andand

•environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly

Air Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management at at airports?airports?


ContentsContents




• VideoVideo




Is the flight endedIs the flight ended

whenwhen

the aircraft has landed?the aircraft has landed?


Final A

pproach report (from

Surveillance)

Landing report(from

Surveillance)

Apron entrance report(from

Surveillance)

Final Approach Rwy Twy Apron

Gate / S

tand

Runw

ay safety area

Groundcontroller

Aproncontroller

Tower controllerApproach controller

Aircraft sequenced

(from A

rrival Manager)

30 minutes

before touch down

Landingclearance

Taxiclearance

ACC

Exitproposal

Final Phases of FlightFinal Phases of Flight


Approach and Landing OperationsApproach and Landing Operations

Airport Surface OperationsAirport Surface Operations

Airports Air-side and Land-side Airports Air-side and Land-side OptimisationOptimisation

RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS



Integration ofIntegration of

•ArrivalArrival

•DepartureDeparture

•Ground MovementGround Movement

planning systemsplanning systems





The results obtained from these activities provide the basis for an optimised flow of traffic but

requires that all the functions are well coordinated

Basis for all CDM applications


Airports Air-side and Land-side Airports Air-side and Land-side OptimisationOptimisation


Through the modelling of all the operations both by the air-side and by the land-side, we have created a user-friendly tool to assess the necessary developments and the impact of new installations




Major achievements have been obtained in this area to support improvements in airport operations and in its management




Let’s analyse the research activities in this area and let see how this could be translated into a common requirement


Final A

pproach report (from

Surveillance)

Landing report(from

Surveillance)

Apron entrance report(from

Surveillance)

Final Approach Rwy Twy Apron

Gate / S

tand

Runw

ay safety area

Groundcontroller

Aproncontroller

Tower controllerApproach controller

Aircraft sequenced

(from A

rrival Manager)

30 minutes

before touch down

Landingclearance

Taxiclearance

ACC

Exitproposal

Final Phases of FlightFinal Phases of Flight


Let’s take a mid-size airportLet’s take a mid-size airport


PraguePrague

RuzyneRuzyne

AirportAirport


Control Control TowersTowers


From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower

On a bright dayOn a bright day


From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower

On a foggy dayOn a foggy day


What the controller What the controller do in such conditions?do in such conditions?

Pick up the R/T and Pick up the R/T and call the aircraftcall the aircraft

However now the technology can However now the technology can provide him/her with a more positive provide him/her with a more positive and reliable supportand reliable support


The Ground ControllerThe Ground Controller

Day, Day, night, in night, in

fogfog

or...or...


The Ground Controller mustThe Ground Controller must

Survey

Control

Plan

&

Guide


Research & Development Activities at Research & Development Activities at DG-TRENDG-TREN

Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport together with DG-RTD and DG-INFSOtogether with DG-RTD and DG-INFSO

has supported R&D Activities in the field of has supported R&D Activities in the field of

A-SMGCSA-SMGCS or or

Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemsControl Systems


The requirementsThe requirements

“An Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) is expected to provide adequate capacity and safety in relation to the specific weather conditions, traffic density and aerodrome layout by use of modern technologies and a high level of integration between the various functionality.”1

1: ICAO - Draft MANUAL OF A-SMGCS, 2001


GroundGround

ControllerController

AircraftAircraft

VehiclesVehiclesObstaclesObstacles

SurveillanceSurveillance ControlControlRouting/Routing/

PlanningPlanningGuidanceGuidance

A-SMGCSA-SMGCS

ATC SystemsATC Systems Airport SystemsAirport Systems Airline SystemsAirline SystemsExternal SystemsExternal Systems

The A-SMGCS EnvironmentThe A-SMGCS Environment


Demonstrator’s Functional Architecture

Controller HMI

Controller

Planning/routing

Monitoring/Control

Surveillance

Other planning

Traffic Objects Pilot HMI

Guidance

Flight plans

Sensors

Guidance means

Pilot

AIRPORT-G

ARAMIS

MANTEA

MANTEA

DAFUSA

MANTEA

DAFUSA

AIRPORT-G

ATHOS

DA VINCI


Surveillance

An adequate set of Sensors

provides the controller with a complete knowledge of all movements including identification of any object


Surveillance DisplaySurveillance Display

Controller Controller Working Working PositionPosition


Control

Provides the controller with an alert in events like

• crossing runways

• restricted areas incursion

• separation criteria infringement


Control

Runway Runway Incursion Incursion

AlertAlert


On-board guidance tested through:

•Guidance aid response time

•clearance from CWP displayed at the onboard HMI

•taxi route given by CWP displayed at the onboard HMI

External guidance tested through:

•External panels

Guidance


On-board GuidanceOn-board Guidance

External GuidanceExternal Guidance


• Electronic Flight Strips

• Routing

• Co-ordination Arrival / Ground

Movement / Departure

Planning


Planning


The A-SMGCS Concept has been The A-SMGCS Concept has been proven and tested within theproven and tested within the

•DEFAMMDEFAMM projectproject (1995-1998) (1995-1998)

•Demonstration of architectureDemonstration of architecture

•BETABETA projectproject (1999-2003) (1999-2003)

•Assessment of the architectureAssessment of the architecture

•EMMA 1 & 2EMMA 1 & 2 projectproject (2003-2007) (2003-2007)

•Benefit quantification & airborne linkBenefit quantification & airborne link


DEFAMM ProjectDEFAMM Project

Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Concept testing various equipment at the Concept testing various equipment at the airports ofairports of

• Köln/ Bonn (DE)Köln/ Bonn (DE)

• Orly Paris (FR)Orly Paris (FR)

• Braunschweig (DE)Braunschweig (DE)

• Bergamo (IT)Bergamo (IT)



Surveillance & IdentificationSurveillance coverage

Taxi Plan Generation and PresentationGuidance with ground based guidance meansGuidance with “on-board guidance means”

Detection of Runway Incursion

Control of vehicle intrusion into prohibited areasControl of plan deviationControl of separation between two mobiles

Functional Tests



Functional StructureFunctional Structure

AircraftCtrl. Vehicles

Pilot / DriverAssistant Systems

DGPS Sensors

AircraftCtrl. Vehicles

Pilot / DriverAssistant Systems

DGPS Sensors

SURVEILLANCE HMI

TEST & MANAGEMENT

GUIDANCE

CONTROL ROUTINGPLANNING

Data FusionIdentification

ControllerWork. Pos.

Data Base Data Store

Gnd -BasedGuidance

COMMUNICATION

VHFSubnetwork

ExternalSystems

Air Traffic ServicesAirport SystemsAirline Systems

ExternalSystems

Air Traffic ServicesAirport SystemsAirline Systems

E-ScanASDE

Mode SLocalisation

ASDEExtractor Conflict

Handling

ASDE

TechnicalSys Control

DGPS

GuidanceProcessing

FlowPlanning



Surveillance & Control Surveillance & Positive Identification, Plan Deviation, Conflicts, Control of Separation

Planning Taxi plans generation, presentation & Destination changes

Guidance Guidance execution via Ground Based Guidance Means & On Board Guidance Means

Complex Operational Procedure

Operative Tests



A A5 A4 A3

A

E

G

G

D C

L

A2 A1 A

A

C

C

C1

Y

Z

B

T T2

GAT

B

TW R

25

07

32L14R

14L 32R

STOP BAR

SWITCHABLECENTRELINELIGHT SEGMENT

Start of veh.2 & 3

In area A3-E-A5-A-A3 withonboard and ground basedguidance, respectively

obstacle

Identificationof obstacle

Vehicle 2

Vehicles 1+3

(Tower controller has to agree prior toentering or crossing the runway)

Positive aircraftidentification bychange of vehiclesfor A1 and A

incursion

E

Separation problem

original taxiplan

changed taxiroute

special route veh. 1

taxiplan followed

a/c (veh.1)landing withnegotiated

landingroute

Separation via lightsegments

Negotiation onplanning fordeparture for all3 veh.

Operative Tests


BETA ProjectBETA Project

Different configurations of ground-based Different configurations of ground-based A-SMGCS where tested at three airportsA-SMGCS where tested at three airports

• Prague Ruzine (CZ)Prague Ruzine (CZ)

• Hamburg (DE)Hamburg (DE)

• Braunschweig (DE)Braunschweig (DE)


BETA ProjectBETA Project

VIDEOVIDEO


EMMA 1 ProjectEMMA 1 Project

The assessment of The assessment of Surveillance Surveillance and and ControlControl Functions RequirementsFunctions Requirements is being tested at three is being tested at three European airportsEuropean airports


• Milan Malpensa (IT)Milan Malpensa (IT)

• Toulouse Blagnac (FR)Toulouse Blagnac (FR)



The assessment and test of The assessment and test of GuidanceGuidance and and PlanningPlanning Functions RequirementsFunctions Requirements, using , using equipped scheduled flight aircraft are carried equipped scheduled flight aircraft are carried on aton at


• Milan Malpensa (IT)Milan Malpensa (IT)

• Toulouse Blagnac (FR)Toulouse Blagnac (FR)



Glossary:INS Inertial Navigation SystemGNSS Global Navigation Satellite Sys HUD Head Up DisplayEVS Extended Vision SystemHDD Head Down DisplayEIS Electronic Instrument SystemBSCU Braking/Steering Control UnitAFS Auto Flight SystemHUDC Head Up Display ComputerSGS Surface Guidance SystemSVS Synthetic Vision SystemEFCS Electrical Flight Control SystemFMS Flight Management SystemVHF Very High FrequencyATSU Air Traffic Services UnitDCDU Datalink Control and Display UMCDU Multipurpose Control & DisplayCPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link ComFSW Flight Warning SystemES Extended Squitter

INS

AugGNSS

High AccuracyPositioning

A/C pos avail to all systems

HUDC SGS/EVS/SVS

EIS

AFS

EFCSBSCUcmds

cmds

PilotsInputs

TrafficComputer

1090 ES

ADS-B TIS-B

FWS

HUD

HDD

EVS

Airport NAVMoving MapData Base

Runway Awareness

DlkTBD

ATSU

VHF

DCDU

Arpt db?

CPDLCArpt db ?

CPDLC, Arpt db ?

OnboardData loadArpt db

Arpt db

AlertsAlerts

Traffic, Alerts

CuesCtl data

Arpt data

Moving MapTraffic, Cues

Arpt dataCues, Traffic ?

FMS

SelectedArpt/Rwy

System Architecture of the Airborne Site


ContentsContents




• VideoVideo




How can these technical and How can these technical and operational achievements operational achievements support Policy?support Policy?


These results have already been used to fill the ICAO A-These results have already been used to fill the ICAO A-SMGCS European ManualSMGCS European Manual

Thus providing a common baseline for Airport Thus providing a common baseline for Airport Authorities to procure the appropriate system for a Authorities to procure the appropriate system for a given level of safety and efficiencygiven level of safety and efficiency

Through this yardstick, it is possible to evaluate the Through this yardstick, it is possible to evaluate the actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the implemented level of safetyimplemented level of safety

Research support to PolicyResearch support to Policy


Further more...Further more...

Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to evaluate future airport expansion and its impact on evaluate future airport expansion and its impact on the environment the environment

Precise allocation of responsibilities, allows to assess Precise allocation of responsibilities, allows to assess causes of accidents and of delayscauses of accidents and of delays

More realistic slot allocation can be implementedMore realistic slot allocation can be implemented

Ultimately a better Quality of Service Ultimately a better Quality of Service can be offered to passengerscan be offered to passengers


In September 2003, with the support of the Member In September 2003, with the support of the Member States, we have presented a proposal at the ICAO Air States, we have presented a proposal at the ICAO Air Navigation Conference to support the implementation of Navigation Conference to support the implementation of this Manual not only in Europe but worldwidethis Manual not only in Europe but worldwide

Research support to PolicyResearch support to Policy

In October 2004 we brought it to the attention of the ICAO General Assembly


ContentsContents



• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN

• VideoVideo




The Way forwardThe Way forward

A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the basis for a good regulationbasis for a good regulation

The support by Member States is necessary to The support by Member States is necessary to implement common rules and operationsimplement common rules and operations

The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a worldwide implementationworldwide implementation

So...So...

Starting from the fact that


European Commission Regulations onEuropean Commission Regulations on

These results will be used to These results will be used to support the preparation ofsupport the preparation of

Airport Capacity RegulationAirport Capacity Regulation

Airport Safety RegulationAirport Safety Regulation


To know more about these…To know more about these…

http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/air/single_sky/financial/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/aeronautics/index_en.html

http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/extra/web/index.cfm

http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.htmlhttp://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html


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Politecnico di Milano 20-21 Gennaio 20051 From Research to Policy: Future Developments at Airports...

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