PolicyCoherencefor Sustainable’Development...
Transcript of PolicyCoherencefor Sustainable’Development...
Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportuni<es
Ebba Dohlman, Senior Advisor Policy Coherence for Development, OECD
Lisbon, Portugal 18 June 2015
@OECD_PCD
Web: www.oecd.org/development/policycoherence PCD Pla>orm: h4ps://community.oecd.org/community/pcd
is an approach and policy tool to integrate the economic, social, environmental, and governance dimensions of sustainable development at all stages of domestic and international policy making.
PCSD
PCSD -‐ An approach and policy tool
Source: OECD (2014) Better Policies for Development 2014: Policy Coherence and Illicit Financial Flows, OECD Publishing.
Main Objec<v
es
Foster synergies across economic, social and environmental policy areas
Iden<fy trade-‐offs & reconcile domes:c policy objec:ves with interna:onally agreed objec:ves
Address the spillovers of domes:c policies SUSTAINAB
LE DEV
ELOPM
ENT 1
2
3
SeQng & priori<sing objec<ves:
Poli<cal commitment & policy statements
Coordina<ng policy & its implementa<on:
Policy coordina<on mechanisms
Monitoring, analysis & repor<ng:
Systems for monitoring, analysis & repor<ng
A
C B
The Three Building Blocks for PCD
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
DEVELOPED COUNTRY
Spill-‐over effects
(e.g. suppressed prices
on world markets, lowering returns to developing country farmers)
...which affect
...used to produce
Policy outcomes
(e.g. increase farmers’ incomes)
Policy outputs (e.g. augment produc:on)
Policy inputs
(e.g. price support and subsidies to
agricultural sectors)
A “do no harm” approach to PCD
Agricultural policies
High-‐level outcomes (e.g. reduce poverty and hunger)
Development Coopera<on Policy
outcomes (e.g. increase farmers’ incomes in developing
countries)
Policy outputs (e.g. increase produc:on in
developing countries)
Policy inputs
(e.g. aid to support agricultural
development)
Policy coherence for Inclusive and Sustainable Development
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
OTHER ACTORS (e.g. IOs, private
sector, CSOs, NGOs )
EMERGING AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
High-‐level outcomes
High-‐level outcomes
High-‐level outcomes
Policy inputs
Policy outputs
Policy outcomes
Policy inputs
Policy outputs
Policy outcomes
Policy inputs
Policy outputs
Policy outcomes
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY EFFECTS
SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
Causal rela:ons Side effects
(+ or -‐)
ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS
Monitoring progress on PCSD
Elements Indicators
Mechanism for Coherence • Public commitment • Priori:es and a specific ac:on plan • Inter-‐ministerial coordina:on • Capacity to analyse policy impacts • Analysis of policy coherence (specific issues) • Monitoring and repor:ng systems • Policy efforts
Policy interac<ons • Access to resources • Efficiency in the use of natural resources (energy, land, water, mineral, etc) • Sustainability
Policy effects “Here and now” dimension • Well-‐being indicators (Nutri:on, health, labour, educa:on, etc.) “Elsewhere” dimension • ODA, • imports from less-‐developed countries • Migra:on of human capital • Trans-‐boundary contribu:ons to footprints on land/water/carbon • Imports of energy/ mineral resources • Exports of physical/ knowledge capital • Foreign Direct Investment • Contribu:on to interna:onal ins:tu:ons “Later” dimension • capital stocks (that should be preserved for future)/long-‐term drivers
(economic capital, natural capital, human capital, social capital)
PCSD in the SDG Framework
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) GOAL ON MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION (MOI)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Poverty Hunger Health Education Gender Water Energy Economy Industry Inequality Cities SCP Climate Oceans Ecosyst. Peace Finance Tech. Capacity Trade PCSD Partners. data, etc.
TAR
GET
S
1 2.1 6.1 7.1
2 2.2 6.2 7.2
3 2.3 6.3 7.3
4 2.4 6.4
5 2.5 6.5
6 6.6
7
8
9
10
11 Three Dimensions of Sustainable
Development in the SDGs
TAR
GET
S O
N M
OI a
2.a 6.a 7.a ENVIRONMENTAL
b 2.b 6.b 7.b SOCIAL
c 2.c ECONOMIC
d
17.4
6.4
7.2
SYNERGIES
TRADE-OFFS
3.3
ENABLERS
6.1
THE WATER-‐ENERGY-‐FOOD NEXUS IN THE SDGs
2.3
2.1
Institutional Mechanisms
Policy Interactions
Contextual Factors Effects COHERENCE
Key elements for tracking progress on PCSD
• Poli<cal Commitment • Coordina<on Mechanisms • Monitoring systems, analysis and repor<ng
• Policy Objec<ves • Policy Inputs • Policy Instruments
• Enablers • Disablers • Precondi<ons • Unforeseen events
• Effects on wellbeing (“Here and Now” dimensions) • Trans-‐boundary effects (“elsewhere” dimension) • Inter-‐generaIonal effects (“later” dimension)
Ins<tu<onal seQngs and processes
Policy design and formula<on
Policy implementa<on
OECD can support your efforts • Strengthening of PCD tools – Revision and expansion of the PCD
Framework feedback from Finland on FS module; new module on IFFs; other country pilots
• Applying a PCD lens to key issues – PCD Flagship report Thema:c chapter; chapter on na:onal experiences; emerging PCD issues; towards a monitoring matrix
• Developing monitoring tools – PCD indicators Food security, Illicit financial flows, and green growth, dialogue, enabling environment
• DisseminaIng evidence-‐based analysis – New policy brief series: Coherence for Development (CODE) NTMs; ITCs, fisheries and aquaculture; Responsible Business Conduct; Compe::on Policy
• Fostering dialogue and knowledge sharing on PCD – Strengthening of the online PCD Pla]orm New func:ons; virtual task teams; pilot dialogue on FS in collabora:on with a Spanish university
Making use of exis<ng OECD work to inform coherent policy-‐making
• Indicators/datasets that indicate policy effort ü Trade Facilita<on Indicators ü Foreign Direct Investment Restric<veness Index ü Total support es<mates for fossil fuels ü Most produc<on-‐ and trade distor<ng support to agriculture
• Policy instruments to create enabling environments ü Policy Framework for Investment ü PISA for Development ü Guidelines for Mul<na<onal Enterprises ü Private Sector Par<cipa<on in Water Infrastructure – Checklist for Public Ac<on
• Dialogue tools for knowledge sharing ü Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Informa<on for Tax Purposes ü Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-‐based Development ü Regional Networks on Corporate Governance of State-‐Owned Enterprises ü Interna<onal Low-‐Carbon Energy Technology Pla`orm
Why worry about illicit financial flows?
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200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
ODA Corrup<on Money Laundering Tax Evasion (US only)
Why is coherence important for addressing IFFs? Na:onal Organisa:on
Central Bank Finance Ministry
FIU Tax
Authority
Jus<ce Ministry Foreign Ministry
Police Development
Agency
Financial and Professional Supervisors
Specialised Prosecutors Asset Recovery Specialists
Policy Departments
Opera<onal Agencies
Interna<onal Coopera<on Unit
Financial Ins<tu<ons
Businesses &
Professions Companies
Customs
Internal Audit Company Registry
Civil Society
Why is coherence important for IFFs? A case example
Interna<onal Coopera<on
Unit
Development Agency
Asset Recovery Specialist
Police
Origin Decision to proceed
Specialist Prosecutor
Foreign Ministry
Inves<ga<on
Interna<onal Coopera<on
Unit
FIU Tax Authority
Criminal Prosecu<on
Specialist Prosecutor
Asset Recovery Specialist
Banks
Asset Confisca<on
Interna<onal Coopera<on Unit
Development Agency
Asset Repatria<on
Foreign Ministry
StAR Ini<a<ve