Policy workshop - Orissa proceedingsecobrick.in/resource_data/KBAS100051.pdf · Bhubaneswar, Orissa...

Industrialization of Brick Sector in the State of Orissa 27 February, 2006 Bhubaneswar, Orissa PROCEEDINGS

Directorate of Industries Government of Orissa

Development Alternatives New Delhi

Industrialization of Brick Sector in the State of Orissa

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Green of Brick Industry Programme


27 February 2006

Bhubaneswar, Orissa

PROCEEDINGS

Development Alternatives New Delhi

Directorate of Industries Government of Orissa


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TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 WORKSHOP OVERVIEW 9 PROCEEDINGS

9 INAUGURAL SESSION

9 Welcome address 9 Lighting of lamp 10 Keynote address 10 Emerging issues and opportunities for cleaner production in Orissa 11 Greening of Brick Industry in Orissa 12 Issues of the Orissa Brick Industry – Brick Association perspective 12 Vision for a Green Orissa 14 TECHNICAL AND EXPERIENCE SHARING SESSION 14 The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln – Changing the future of brick industry in Orissa 16 Sharing of working experiences 16 District Industries Centre, Ganjam 16 Private entrepreneurs from Rayagada 17 PLENARY SESSION 17 Potential of waste utilization in VSBK 18 Sharing of practical experiences on VSBK operation 18 Introduction of cleaner technologies – Jharkhand case study 19 Address by Additional Secretary, Department of Industries, Government of Orissa 19 Address by Chief Guest 22 CONCLUDING SESSION 22 Summation of the proceedings 22 The way forward 23 Priorities for future action ANNEX 1: Conference agenda ANNEX 2: Conference participants


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Indian Brick Industry is characterized by poor resource efficiency, high energy consumption and dismal environmental performance. To enable the brick industry, shed its poor image and provide an Industrial Outlook a “Greening of Brick Industry’ Programme has been launched in the State of Orissa. Initial beginnings have been made through the organization of a Policy Workshop on “Industrialization of Brick Sector in the State of Orissa” jointly by the Department of Industries, Government of Orissa and Development Alternatives. The Workshop envisaged a high degree of collaboration between brick manufacturers, policy makers, regulatory agencies, financial institutions and technology promoters aiming to improve the resource utilization, environmental and social conditions in the brick sector in Orissa.

Through intensive presentations and discussions, a proposal was put forth to initiate a positive change in the Brick Industry in Orissa. The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Industry was highlighted; its special features being high energy efficiency, good environmental performance and unique ability to utilize industrial wastes. The promotion of the VSBK Technology has been initiated in Rayagada cluster with excellent results. It was proposed that focused support in industrial growth clusters is needed for dissemination of the VSBK Technology. The demand for new technology solutions will be organized through regional collaboration between brick associations and state level institutions. Supply of the technology will be anchored in the commercial market within a business network. Department of Industry and Development Alternatives will be coordinating between different stakeholders for accelerated dissemination of VSBK technology on a substantially large scale through District Industries Centres and Channel Partners. Initiatives will be taken in utilization of waste materials in brick making being generated by industrial activities in Industrial Growth Clusters. The Programme will respond to the needs of the entrepreneurs by substantially lowering the risks in brick business. Lowering of risks will be achieved through robust technology, utilization of waste materials in a profitable manner thereby reducing coal consumption, extension of the brick making season, achieving critical presence of the new technology and improving brick quality within existing brick clusters.

The way forward The immediate priority would be the organized research and development activities for utilizing the industrial waste generated by the power plant of Indian Charge Chrome Ltd. at Choudwar.

Initiatives to be taken by Department of Industries, Government of Orissa, to help all concerned to establish VSBK units in clusters, primarily with a purpose of utilizing industrial wastes. The first such demonstration cluster of VSBK will be established in Cuttack-Choudwar belt utilizing the waste generated by Indian Charge Chrome Limited. This cluster will contain more than 20 such VSBK units, initially.

Further promotion of VSBK in industrial growth clusters of Cuttack-Choudwar-Paradip-Jaipur-Jagatsinghpur, Rayagada-Koraput-Kalahandi, Bhadrak-Balasore, Angul-Talcher-Dhenkanal, Sambalpur-Jharsuguda & Sundergarh-Keonjhar-Barbil will be undertaken. Department of Industries and Development Alternatives will jointly take up the matter with Industrial Houses towards join VSBK promotion in these clusters.

Initiate action to standardize capacity building activities with technical training institutes so that different agencies could work in unison for furthering VSBK Industry in the State.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Orissa Development Technocrats’ Forum, (ODTF), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, managed the Workshop, facilitated the workshop sessions and compiled this report.

Mr. Purno Chandra Mohankudo, Industry Promotion Officer, District Industries Centre, Rayagada and Mr. D.K. Mohanty, Channel Partner, TARA, Bhubaneswar, Orissa facilitated the Workshop and post workshop visits to VSBK sites at Rayagada.

The Greening of Brick Industry Programme in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Orissa is supported by the India Canada Environment Facility, New Delhi, India.


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WORKSHOP OVERVIEW Burnt bricks are the most popular building materials in India. Even with the advent of alternate technologies and materials, bricks will continue to remain as the most preferred choice for wall construction. Brick industry all over the country is currently based on decentralized production activity using energy intensive, resource depleting and highly polluting technologies.

To initiate a change in the Indian Brick Industry, Development Alternatives (DA) supported by India Canada Environment Facility (ICEF) has undertaken a “Greening of Brick Industry” Programme in the States of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Orissa.

The brick industry in the State of Orissa is not very progressive with respect to utilization of available resources, the brick production and firing technologies or even brick making methods. The State selectively boasts of very high quality brick making soils in isolated patches along the coastal areas and near selected river banks. Rest of the soils are largely unsuitable for achieving high quality of burnt brick production. Generally the soils are red to yellow in colour with high percentage of sand and coarse particles which gives a poor strength when fired in traditional kilns.

In and around urban areas e.g. Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Brahmapur, Balasore proliferation of fixed chimney BTK’s is evident. This has been mainly due to high growth demand of bricks, which is a fall out of the increased purchasing power of consumers in metro cities. The rural and district areas till date continue to adopt traditional firing methods e.g. clamps. Despite a ban on movable chimney BTK’s by the Honorable Supreme Court these kilns continue to flourish in the State flouting environmental norms.

However a positive atmosphere exists in adopting cleaner production methods amongst brick entrepreneurs. This is probably one of the few States throughout the country where private entrepreneurs are driving the growth of cleaner brick production technologies. With an active and vibrant Department of Industries and State Pollution Control Board, signs of improving the brick industry are extremely encouraging.

In tune with the resurgent positive atmosphere in the State of Orissa, and to resurrect the unorganized sector into a meaningful and demanding small scale industry status; Development Alternatives in association with Department of Industries, Government of Orissa launched the “Greening of Brick Industry” Programme in the State of Orissa in 2006. The Programme is anchored by Orissa Development Technocrats’ Forum (ODTF) and Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA). The initiative is supported by India Canada Environment Facility (ICEF). The Programme has been conceived as an intensive capacity building activity aimed at improving resource efficiency, energy, environmental and social conditions in the brick sector and envisages a high degree of collaboration between brick manufacturers, policy makers, regulatory agencies, financial institutions and technology promoters.


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For the formal launch of the Programme in the State of Orissa and to create a common platform for enumerating the issues in the brick sector in Orissa, Directorate of Industries, Government of Orissa and Development Alternatives, organized a one day “Policy Level Workshop” on the 27th of February, 2006 at The New Marrion, Janpath, Bhubaneswar. The workshop was given direction by Shri. Hemant Sharma, Director Industries, Government of Orissa. Guest of Honour was Dr. Lalit Narayan Patnaik, Chairman Orissa Pollution Control Board. The plenary and concluding session was chaired by Shri. Gokul Chandra Pati, Principal Secretary, Department of

Industry, Government of Orissa. The intended outcomes of this Workshop were:

Constructive engagement of policy makers, regulatory bodies and brick associations to enable informed decision making in a collective manner.

Simultaneous realization of improved resource efficiency and business performance by brick enterprises to maximize environmental benefits by utilization of industrial wastes.

Intense stakeholder engagement

Capacity building and networking

Technology support and higher resource efficiency

It is anticipated that, by 2007, approximately 100 VSBKs will be operating in an environmentally and resource efficient manner in the State of Orissa.


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Welcome address by Shri. N.P. Panigrahi

Lighting of ceremonial lamp by dignitaries

PROCEEDINGS SESSION : Inauguration

WELCOME ADDRESS : Shri. N.P. Panigrahi, Secretary, ODTF.

KEY SPEAKERS : Shri. Hemant Sharma, Director Industries, Government of Orissa.

: Dr. Arun Kumar, President, Development Alternatives. : Shri. S. Patara, Director, Development Alternatives. : Shri. G. Satpathy, Chairman, Orissa Brick Manufacturing Association : Dr. L.N. Patnaik, Chairman, Orissa State Pollution Control Board.

WELCOME ADDRESS

Shri. N.P. Panigrahi, Secretary, Orissa Development Technocrats’ Forum, extended a warm welcome to the gathering from all over the State of Orissa and expressed hopes for an interesting and fruitful discussion on ways and means to Industrialize the Brick Sector in Orissa. The discussion theme of the Workshop was enumerated

with emphasis on the role of bricks in the life of mankind in all the ages. Brick manufacturing technology is not static; it needs adoption of suitable methods which should be environment friendly, energy efficient and also cost effective. The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) is thus one of the most suitable technology. However enthusiastic adoption of the technology needs appropriate policy support and strategic thinking amongst various stakeholders. It has all the ability to transform the brick industry

into a vibrant and dignified industry. It was emphasized to work together in a collective manner for a greater cause which will benefit the society at large and move towards a pollution free, healthy and wealthy environment.

LIGHTING THE LAMP

The session started by lighting the lamp by Chief Guest, Director Industries and other dignitaries on the dias.


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Address by Shri. Hemant Sharma, Director Industries

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Shri Hemant Sharma, Director Industries welcomed all participants on behalf of Directorate of Industries, Government of Orissa and urged all to be associated for a noble cause for the State of Orissa. The role of Industries Directorate in the workshop was emphasized to energize the active participation of the District Industries Centre who would champion the promotion of small scale industries for the development of rural areas and infrastructure.

Enumerating the brick sector in Orissa the “Greening of Brick Industry” programme was emphasized to be a pioneering effort to industrialize the informal brick sector of Orissa. Brick sector suffers a lot of problem due to its unorganized activity. It needs to be certified under IPR 2001 to get an industrial activity status. If the use of industrial wastes e.g. sponge iron waste, fly ash, red mud, replacing a substantial portion of soil as the main ingredient can be made mandatory with enhancement in quality of the fired product then the IPR certification could be easily achieved to help the brick industry in getting industrial certification. The

issues relating to environmental pollution, easy availability of finance and trained human resource also needs to be considered. The State of Orissa currently is experiencing a tremendous growth in industrialization. Growth of industries is directly linked to new constructions, which require a huge quantity of construction material; primarily red bricks. Thus in the immediate future, there will be an accelerated demand of bricks, thereby increasing the growth of brick industries. Fortunately new industries are coming up in clusters which would provide ample scope for utilization of industrial wastes. The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln or VSBK has the potential of utilizing all most all the industrial waste generated from the old and new industries for the manufacture of red bricks.

For the State of Orissa, awareness on using industrial waste in the construction sector is of prime concern at present. Through the “Greening of Brick Industry” Programme, Development Alternatives (DA) and India Canada Environment Facility (ICEF) should facilitate the promotion of industrial waste utilization in brick making in the State. The Department of Industries, Government of Orissa will provide all necessary help in this regard through the promotion of VSBK throughout the State, especially in industrial growth clusters of Cuttack-Choudwar-Paradeep-Jajpur-Jagatsinghpur, Rayagada-Koraput-Kalahandi, Bhadrak-Balasore, Angul-Talcher-Dhenkanal, Sambalpur-Jharsuguda & Sundergarh-Keonjhar-Barbil. Promotion of new technologies will also be done through Government sponsored programmes. All officials of DIC’s, Bankers, KVIC & KVIB Industrial Waste Generation Units and brick entrepreneurs will be encouraged to participate and discuss on the future potential of using industrial waste towards Industrialization of Brick Sector in the State of Orissa.

EMERGING ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CLEANER PRODUCTION IN ORISSA

Dr. Arun Kumar, President, Development Alternatives mentioned that “the ball is now set for rolling”. With an extremely supportive Industry Department in the State, the Industrialization of Brick Industry in Orissa, through the setting up of VSBK’s and use of industrial waste is not a distant dream. The immediate need is to proceed in


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Dr. Arun Kumar, President, Development Alternatives addressing the gathering

Shri. Shrashtant Patara presenting the status of brick production in India

a strategic way to find a solution. New economic opportunities are available and the DA Group along with the Government of Orissa is committed to change the brick sector into an environmentally sound and socially responsible industry. Brick industry has enough scope to create better livelihood opportunities for the poor and marginalized section of our society.

Development Alternatives from its inception, has been advocating the strategy of cleaner technology solutions for achieving sustainable livelihoods. These are proven and viable business opportunities, value added by addressing the need for capacity building and training on these new technologies. Alliances and partnership with various stakeholders needs to be built upon to achieve large scale multiplications. Development Alternatives offer alliances for all kind of technical facilitation to achieve these objectives. Orissa has tremendous potential for adopting alternate building

material technologies e.g. micro concrete roofing tiles, compressed earth block, fly-ash brick, power generation from biomass waste, waste paper recycling and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln. Apart from cleaner production systems these activities would also generate last scale employment for the backward classes and unemployed youth.

The VSBK technology is versatile in its ability to produce bricks at various scales of production. They are considerably low in pollution level (reduction by factor of 3) than the traditional firing processes. Any industrial waste could be utilized particularly coal based.

Indian scenario in rational utilization of its resources is alarming. Countries like China import waste products from India turning them into wealth. We use three times more resources for producing an equivalent product compared to any other developed country. Adoption of VSBK would provide a unique opportunity for creation of employment and wealth by turning “Waste into Gold”. The dissemination of VSBK needs to be concentrated in an industrial cluster approach which will provide an opportunity towards its infrastructural development. For this, potential entrepreneurs needs to be identified alongwith partner agencies for financing the VSBK brick industry. Orissa State Pollution Control Board should also look into provision of incentives to those entrepreneurs who would take leadership and spread the technology for doing business in a new way. In this endeavour, brick entrepreneurs are crucial for large scale publicity. Development Alternatives promises to be the flag bearer and we all need to work together to achieve our common goal.

GREENING OF BRICK INDUSTRY IN ORISSA

Shri. Shrashtant Patara presented the current status of brick production in India, highlighting the issues and conflicts prevalent and environmental concerns leading to the need of clean technology solutions in brick sector. The introduction of VSBK technology in India was in the form of an Action Research Project aimed at multistakeholder initiatives towards


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Dr. L.N. Patnaik, Chairman, OSPCB delivering the keyote address

adopting and disseminating energy and environment efficient technology.

The first steps in the implementation of the India project were carried out in 1995.

The initial demonstration kilns were constructed and operated by lead agencies under controlled conditions so that the technology absorption and adaptation could be implemented. This caution was necessary, as premature mutilation of technology by private entrepreneurs in other countries had adversely affected the success of the technology transfer process.

The same process needs to be followed in Orissa. Initial seeding has been done with successful demonstration of pilot kilns. Towards large scale initiation in the State, it is needed to develop a network comprising of people from Government, Industries, financial institutions and entrepreneurs.

ISSUES OF THE ORISSA BRICK INDUSTRY – BRICK ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVE

Despite various problems red burnt bricks are a profitable business. This business is more than centuries old in India. Initially there were clamps which were replaced by movable chimneys. However these have been banned and entrepreneurs are shifting to fixed chimneys. With the advent of modernization in states problems in brick industries has been aggravated. Availability of skilled moulders, firing labours and supervisors are the most common issues. Coupled with these are the availability of finance, technology support and mining lease for brick kilns. Old and new entrepreneurs will be interested in new technologies if the above problems are solved. Since VSBK promises to look after these issues, it has the potential to carve out its niche in the Orissa brick market. To accelerate the acceptance of industrial waste use in brick making, Industry Houses and Government of Orissa should make available these materials free or at nominal costs to the brick entrepreneurs. The technology to use them should also be demonstrated.

VISION FOR A GREEN ORISSA

Dr. L.N. Patnaik, (Chairman, Orissa State Pollution Control Board) in his address enumerated the issues in brick manufacturing sector. Generally the brick industry is highly unorganized, consuming high fuel (coal) and emitting alarming levels of (nearly 50%) green house gases. As per directives from the Supreme Court and Ministry of Environment and Forests movable chimneys has been banned. Use of 25% fly-ash by weight in red clay brick

making within a radius of 100 km from thermal power plant has been made compulsory. But still these legislations are not being enforced by Orissa State Pollution Control Board to its full strength due to practical problems. Use of fly ash from anywhere above 50 kms will result in increased production cost due to additional transportation expenses of the fly ash. Entrepreneurs are not willing to bear these additional costs since they will not be able to compete in the market. To achieve the “Vision for a Green Orissa” i.e. green environment, fresh air, water and healthy ecosystem


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we all need to work together in promoting alternate technologies which reduce pollution and save the natural resources. To reduce the pollution levels from manufacturing industries we have rules and regulations. But still after 30 years of these enactments we are not achieving a “Green Orissa”. It is thus time to analyze the systemic factors responsible for non compliance.

In this regard the introduction of VSBK technology is an interesting change. It has potential to lower emission levels and reduce consumption of coal. Further the possibility of utilizing industrial waste will help in achieving a “Cleaner and Greener Orissa.”

Orissa is endowed with rich mineral resources. However after many years of independence and economic boom, still more than 47% of the people are surviving below poverty line (BPL). 45% of the state area falls under the area of tribal and scheduled caste population. Poverty is itself a prime reason for environmental degradation. Poverty, demographic pressure and environmental degradation are all inter related for thwarting the economic independence of people and growth of the State. The State urgently needs to address the issue of poverty towards attaining sustainable development. The rich mineral resource base of the state has high potential of industrialization which is vital for economic development. Various policies need to be modified and enacted in a true sense for sustainable development. Large number of employment opportunities could be generated using new technologies and promote healthy industrialization. Orissa State Pollution Control Board promises to extend all its support for large scale dissemination of appropriate and innovative technologies towards fulfilling the goal of a “GREEN ORISSA”.


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Dr. Soumen Maity, presenting the technical details of VSBK and the project initiation in India

SESSION : Technical and experience sharing

KEY SPEAKERS : Dr. Soumen Maity, Programme Manager, Development Alternatives

: Shri. P. Kar, General Manager, District Industries Centre, Ganjam. : Shri. S. Mishra, VSBK entrepreneur, Rayagada. : Shri. T. Srinivas Rao, VSBK entrepreneur, Rayagada.

THE VERTICAL SHAFT BRICK KILN – CHANGING THE FUTURE OF BRICK INDUSTRY IN ORISSA

In India currently more than 14,000 crore bricks are produced per year with increasing growth. The per capita consumption of bricks in the country is around 150 bricks. The industry employs more than 60 lakhs of people which is seasonal. It consumes more than 24 million tonnes of coal which is approximately 8% of the total coal consumed in India. Additionally it also uses 5-10 million tonnes of biomass leading to large scale deforestation. Inspite of such large scale operation it is classified under the unorganized sector. The brick sector especially small scale brick entrepreneurs are confronted with environmental regulation and face numerous challenges for its survival; such as:

• High air pollution

• Environmental degradation and the problem of environmental compliance

• Risky nature of brick business for small scale entrepreneurs

• Commercial demonstration of alternate technology

• Inadequate engagement between regulatory agencies and brick associations

Thus the introduction of Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Technology in India.

The various advantages of VSBK are

Diverse scale of production Production of VSBK can range from 5000 bricks per day from a single shaft to 30,000 bricks per day from 6 shafts. Thus it can be suitable for both small and large scale producers. Alternatively the production rate can be varied as per demand.


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Cleaner production methods Unlike BTK’s there are very low levels of dust pollution during loading and unloading in VSBK. Thus the safety of workers health is ensured.

Energy efficiency In Orissa generally the coal consumption in fixed and movable chimney BTK’s are on an average 30 tonnes of coal (when using Talcher coal) per lakh of fired bricks. VSBK’s operating in Pipili, Rayagada and Muniguda have reported coal consumption of 4-8 tonnes per lakh of fired bricks. This entails a saving of more than 70% of the external energy consumption. VSBK firing system uses only coal for firing and no biomass. Thus adoption of this technology in place of traditional clamps will save the State from large scale deforestation.

Environmental benefits VSBK ensures unmatched benefits in pollution levels. SPM contents are lowered by more than 50% compared to fixed chimney BTK’s. The Central Pollution Control Board has approved VSBK as a pollution free technology and will be issuing emission notification for VSBK fixing the SPM levels at 250mg/Nm3.

High potential to use industrial waste Due to its short firing cycle, VSBK needs heat generated from the inside of the bricks. This ensures uniform quality and reduced breakage. The additional of internal fuel in the form of waste materials e.g. sponge iron waste, boiler ash will lower down the pollution levels and the external coal consumption. Any industrial waste can be used in a green brick fired in a VSBK provided the calorific value is above 800 KCal/kg.

Utilization of local unskilled labours In common firing technologies e.g. fixed chimney BTK’s the moulding labour comes from either Chattisgarh, Bihar or Orissa. The firing workforce generally belongs to Pratapgarh, Allahabad, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. VSBK technology system uses machine made bricks (with frog and impressions) which can be made by using unskilled workers. Firings is a specialized job and on-the- job training are provided by support service providers towards training local people and creating local employment.

300 days of production Unlike other firing technologies, the Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln has a permanent roof over the shafts to protect the firing system from rain and other damage. The loading platform is designed to have a stock of approximately 50,000 green bricks. If enough green bricks are made and stored during the summer months then firing can take place throughout the year. In fact kilns in Kathmandu, Nepal are running for more than 600 days continuously.


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In 2002 - 2003 with support from Development Alternatives we started a VSBK unit in Muniguda, Orissa. Most of the bricks in and around Muniguda town was made through traditional clamp firing technology. Thus it was very difficult to get good quality bricks. Thus we opted for a VSBK.

The plant of P. Simanchalam at Muniguda turned out to be an extremely successful venture. Large number of old and new brick entrepreneurs and brick consumers visited the unit and came to know about the good quality bricks being available at a lesser price. The cost of production was low due to its high fuel efficiency, consistent quality and reduced breakage. Many entrepreneurs got motivated out of the successful operations.

District Industries Centre, Ganjam has planned to set up VSBK units in 13 places in Ganjam district during the year 2006-2007. At present 4 units are successfully operating in Rayagada and Pipili. Entrepreneurs are gradually being interested in VSBK since it is very difficult to get Pollution NOC from Orissa State Pollution Control Board for fixed chimneys BTK’s. This is not applicable for VSBK, because of its low pollution emission and certification from CPCB. Getting finance fro the project was also a problematic area. Initially, convincing the Bank for finance was difficult as the initial investment cost is very high. However after 2-3 successful business ventures the banks now are extremely keen to finance for more units.

SHARING OF WORKING EXPERIENCES

DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE, GANJAM

PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS FROM RAYAGADA

Shri. Sudhir Mishra and Shri. T. Srinivas Rao, existing VSBK entrepreneurs from Rayagada shared their experiences on VSBK adoption and operation. To fast track the growth of VSBK in the State and wider acceptance amongst entrepreneurs, they highlighted the need for more support from KVIB and KVIC. Financial institutions should also lend support and encourage entrepreneurs in setting up more units using this environment friendly technology. Development Alternatives, TARA, Channel Partners and District Industries Centres should extend more technical support especially in the areas of suitable soil identification, testing of fuels and exploring the various waste materials available and their suitability in brick making through VSBK firing technology.


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SESSION : Plenary

KEY SPEAKERS : Dr. Soumen Maity, Programme Manager, Development Alternatives.

: Shri. B. Bastia, VSBK entrepreneur, Pipili. : Shri. S. Roy, Senior Manager, TARA. : Shri. D.P. Mohapatra, Additional Secretary, Dept. of Industry, Govt. of Orissa : Shri. G.C. Pati, Principal Secretary, Dept. of Industry, Govt. of Orissa.

POTENTIAL OF WASTE UTILIZATION IN VSBK

The State of Orissa boasts of high reserves of minerals. Under its rapid industrialization policy, large numbers of processing and manufacturing industries are being encouraged. This will entail a huge amount of waste materials - the gainful utilization of which will be an area of major concern. The various waste materials available for utilization in brick making are sponge iron waste, boiler ash, flue ash materials, bottom ash, fly ash, stone dust etc. These materials through judicious use in green brick making have high opportunity in achieving coal savings with improved quality when used in VSBK firing system.

Industrial growth in Orissa is being promoted in clusters. Thus specific waste materials will be available depending on the industrial activity being pursued and the raw material availability. The map below shows the various industrial growth clusters in Orissa.

Sundergarh, Keonjhar, Barbil

Jharsuguda, Sambalpur

Rayagada, Koraput,

Kalahandi Angul, Talcher, Dhenkanal

Cuttack, Paradeep, Jajpur,

Jagatsinghpur

Bhadrak, Balasore


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The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Technology provides an unique opportunity in utilization of all of these waste materials through promotion of units in these growth clusters. For proper and cost effective development of processes and resultant quality, engineering of mixes and process adaptation need to be done. Thus through utilization of these waste materials the following benefits will be achieved:

High coal savings for VSBK entrepreneurs.

Good and consistent quality of bricks.

Meeting Pollution Control Board guidelines

Industrial nature of brick production

Thus the opportunities for the State of Orissa for adopting and promoting VSBK technology are:

Waste utilization for savings of coal and preserving precious natural resources.

Good and clean business opportunity for enhancing supply

Investment in capital equipment

Healthy return on investment

SHARING OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES ON VSBK OPERATION

INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES - JHARKHAND CASE STUDY

The State of Jharkhand is one of the newly created state and is endowed with one of the richest mineral reserves in the country alongwith the State of Orissa. Situation in Jharkhand is repetitive as that of Orissa with proliferation of energy efficient and polluting brick kilns dotting all over the major urban areas.

To cope up with the growing demand of red clay bricks, preserve natural resources and create local employment, the Jharkhand Government has taken up the promotion of Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Technology throughout the State. Department of Industry, under the leadership of Shri. S.K. Satpathy, Principal Secretary is spearheading the challenge. All the District Industries Centre and OKVIC and KVIB has been instructed to fulfill a target of 100

Existing and new VSBK entrepreneurs from Pipili and Ganjam, shared their experiences and highlighted the benefits of VSBK compared to the traditional technology of brick manufacturing. In VSBK the unit production is consistent and higher (per day 8000 to 10000 bricks could be produced) with better quality and strength. Very high savings in fuel consumption can be achieved with stabilized operation. Pollution is very low and production can be done throughout the year. Most importantly, the damage/ breakage is very less giving rise to more profitability than traditional kiln operation.


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Address by Shri. G.C. Pati, Principal Secretary, Dept. of Industries, Govt. of Orissa

VSBK units during the year 2006-2007. The benefits of VSBK promotion under the Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) were envisaged as:

Rs. 50,000 of capital per employment generated.

Sustainable sources of income for rural entrepreneurs.

Possibility of round the year operation instead of present 5 months operation of traditional kilns.

Creation of local employment thus preventing migration of workers from other states.

Use of industrial wastes thus preventing pollution and savings of top soil.

Suitable for banks to invest since major investments are in machinery, equipment and permanent civil structure.

Department of Industry is spearheading the promotion through organization of “Orientation Workshops” for DIC’s, Bankers, financial institutions, Pollution Control Boards; participation in Industrial exhibitions of Industry Departments. More than 50 entrepreneurs have already expressed interest in setting up VSBK units and more are following. Regular follow up meetings are being arranged to facilitate and monitor the development amongst various stakeholders, technology provider and channel partner.

ADDRESS BY ADDITIONAL SECRETARY

Shri. D. P. Mohapatra, highlighted the merits of new technologies being introduced in Orissa in the building material sector and its impact on the environment. The merits of VSBK technology were stressed upon having potential of new employment opportunities to be generated. Both the people and the State will benefit once the brick sector will be organized and acquire Industrial status. The potential areas of success for VSBK technology in Orissa were pointed out to be the industrial growth clusters.

ADDRESS BY CHIEF GUEST

The introduction of “Greening of Brick Industry” Programme in Orissa has been poised at a very appropriate time since there is an industrial boom in the state. The State of Orissa is endowed with rich mineral resources. Additionally it has the advantage of having a long coast line. These are the two basic reasons why many mineral based industries are setting up base in the state. In coming years Orissa will be the most attractive focal point on industrial front, mainly the establishment of steel manufacturing units. Production of steel and for that matter all major and minor industries including burnt bricks requires coal. However the ash content of Orissa

coal is very high. Thus it is quite natural that these industries will generate lot of coal burnt wastes. Therefore the prime


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The Workshop participants

concern of the Government is how to and where to use these industrial waste in a meaningful way instead of dumping them and aggravating environmental hazards. With the dissemination of VSBK technology it is a win-win situation for all since it will utilize these industrial wastes instead of using the top soil and destroying the agricultural lands. This will not only reduce the consumption of coal but will also generate numerous employment opportunities in the State. Thus it is the most appropriate time to publicize and generate awareness amongst brick entrepreneurs on adoption of VSBK technology for brick manufacturing and the consumers on use of these alternate building materials.

The scope of VSBK technology is immense. Entrepreneurs should come forward and be encouraged for adopting this technology for brick manufacturing. Alternately sponge iron waste, charge chrome waste, red mud and fly ash should also be considered towards their use in brick manufacturing.

There is a growing demand for the bricks in the State and with the increasing pace of industrialization it is going to increase since burnt bricks are the major materials for infrastructural development. It is definitely going to be a success since the VSBK technology produces good quality bricks at lower price. The present need is the promotion of these technologies (VSBK) considering a cluster approach.

In Orissa only 10% of the organized small scale industries registered under the Department of Industries are linked to Banks for finance. This ratio has to increase with awareness being generated amongst entrepreneurs and innovative promotional initiatives. There are some barriers from all corners in achieving these goals. Rigid rules and formalities of banks and the non performance of entrepreneurs are lowering down the pace of small industry growth in the State. More technically qualified people should be encouraged to come forward to take up the challenge. The State Council for Vocational Training will be approached to play a vital role in promoting these alternative technologies with emphasis on training and capacity building.

The Department of Industry will take initiatives in promoting burnt bricks through VSBK technology with compulsory addition of industrial wastes throughout the State. In an around industrial clusters manufacturing of ordinary red clay bricks will be considered for a ban. There will be circulars that without using industrial waste no brick industry should be allowed. New technology and building materials should be added in the PWD schedule of rates for wider acceptance. Proper canvassing for quality building materials will help in

creating demand with the users.

The priority of the State at present a greener environment. To achieve this it is being proposed to go for VSBK technology only for manufacturing of red bricks through using of waste materials. Since last two years the thinking and mind set of the people is changing. There is an increasing acceptance of alternate building materials. The target should be to generate demand from the local market replacing the conventional brick and not look for demand from the government side or from any specific customer.


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The role of the government and public sector will be to patronize these new technologies like VSBK because this will help in greening the environment besides being user friendly and cost-effective. In this regard the Department of Industry will immediately take up a large scale promotion of VSBK technology in the following clusters:

Cuttack-Bhubaneswar-Choudwar using Indian Charge Chrome Limited waste product.

Barbil-Sundergarh using sponge iron and iron processing waste.

Rayagada using J.K. Paper waste under the REGP scheme.

It is anticipated that there will be around 50 VSBK’s coming up in the above clusters during the year 2006-2007.


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SESSION : Concluding

KEY SPEAKERS : Summing up : The way forward : Priorities for future action

SUMMATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS

Traditional brick i.e. red clay burnt bricks are a reality and will remain forever. To take up the new opportunities being generated through rapid industrialization in Orissa the advent of VSBK technology has firmly established it roots through increased profitability. The energy efficiency of VSBK technology has been well established through the successful operation of commercial units in Rayagada, Muniguda, Asureshwar and Pipili achieving an enviable reduction in coal consumption. Use of waste materials is also possible which will reduce the soil consumption as well as fuel. Operations are profitable and most appropriate for bank finance and promotion under the REGP scheme of the Industry Department.

The need of the hour is to adopt a cluster development approach of VSBK establishment through successful demonstration of waste material utilization. This will not only help in making available infrastructural materials but also reduce environmental pollution by utilizing the waste materials being generated. Intimate relation between Department of Industry, brick associations, financial institutions, waste producing industries and technology promoters are necessary in providing technical support and facilitate solutions for optimizing the scale of production and make the production process user friendly.

THE WAY FORWARD

1. Initiatives to be taken by Department of Industries, Government of Orissa to help all concerned to establish VSBK units in clusters, primarily with a purpose of utilizing industrial wastes. The first such demonstration cluster of VSBK will be established in Cuttack-Choudwar belt utilizing the waste generated by Indian Charge Chrome Limited. The cluster will contain more than 20 such VSBK units sufficient to utilize the total waste generated.

2. Continue to promote many more clustered VSBK units based on the working experience of VSBK cluster at Choudwar.

3. Promote VSBK in industrial growth clusters of Cuttack-Choudwar-Paradeep-Jajpur-Jagatsinghpur, Rayagada-Koraput-Kalahandi, Bhadrak-Balasore, Angul-Talcher-Dhenkanal, Sambalpur-Jharsuguda & Sundergarh-Keonjhar-Barbil. Department of Industries and Development Alternatives will take up the matter with industrial houses towards joint VSBK promotion in these clusters.

4. Urge government and statutory bodies to take appropriate policy decisions and suitable legislative measures so as to facilitate the setting up of VSBK’s in a fast track mode. Further incentives for utilization of industrial wastes will be explored.


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5. Initiate action to standardize capacity building activities with technical training institutes so that different agencies could work in unison for furthering VSBK industry in the state. Financial institutions will be pursued for easy and timely availability of credit. Facilitating role of KVIC and KVIB will be utilized to the fullest extent.

6. Develop strategies to evolve a systematic private-public partnership. Efforts towards developing and nurturing a proper platform at the state level for making available local trained manpower in brick making and VSBK firing system will be pursued.

PRIORITIES FOR FUTURE ACTION

1. R & D on Indian Charge Chrome Limited waste towards its maximum utilization in local soils through VSBK firing system.

2. Concept note and Detailed Project Report (DPR) for 20 VSBK units using ICCL waste to be submitted to Department of Industries with immediate priority.

3. R & D on IPICOL flue waste and iron fine tailings from Barbil unit towards its utilization in brick making through VSBK firing system.

4. R & D on NALCO wastes e.g. red mud towards its suitability in brick making. Department of Industry will facilitate the procurement and transportation of red mud from NALCO to R&D unit at VSBK Service Centre, Datia.

5. Promotion of fly ash bricks at Angul with fly ash produced from Talcher Thermal Power Plant. Department of Industries to facilitate the process with Executive Director, TTPP for Development Alternatives.

6. Utilization report of waste from JK Paper Unit at Rayagada for brick making in VSBK technology to be submitted to Department of Industries. Department of Industries thorugh District Industries Centre, Rayagada will facilitate 5 VSBK units in and around Rayagada utilizing the JK Paper waste. For this cluster development VSBK units will be promoted by Industries Department under the REGP scheme.

7. Initiatives on facilitation of buy back of quality VSBK products by industrial units in clusters through the support of Industries Department.

8. Continued dialogue and relationship with Department of Industries, Orissa State Pollution Control Board, KVIC, KVIB towards fast tracking the dissemination of VSBK in the State of Orissa. Lead to be taken by Shri. Hemant Sharma, Director Industries, Government of Orissa and Dr. Soumen Maity, Senior Programme Manager, Development Alternatives.


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Workshop on INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE BRICK SECTOR IN THE STATE OF ORISSA

27th February, 2006

Organised by Directorate of Industries, Government of Orissa

& Development Alternatives, New Delhi

Venue: The New Marrion, 6 Janpath, Bhubaneswar - 1

PROGRAMME

10:00 – 10:45 Registration and Tea 11:00 – 11:05 Welcome Address by Sri N. P. Panigrahi, Secretary, ODTF 11:05 – 11:10 Inauguration of Workshop (Lighting of lamp) 11:10 – 11:25 Keynote address by Sri Hemant Sharma, Director, Department of Industry, Govt. of Orissa 11:25 – 11:40 Emerging Issues and Opportunities for CLEANER PRODUCTION in Orissa by Dr. Arun Kumar, President, DA 11:40 – 11:55 “Greening of Brick Industry” in Orissa by Sri Shrashtant Patara, Director, Technology System Branch, DA 11.55 – 12.15 “Vision for a Green Orissa” - Contributions from the Orissa Brick Industry by Sri L.N. Patnaik,

Chairman, OSPCB and Guest of Honour 12:15 – 12:25 Issues pertaining to Brick Industry in the State of Orissa by Sri G. Satpathy, Secretary, Orissa Brick

Manufacturing Association 1:2:25 – 1:30 Open House discussions 1:30 – 2:30 LUNCH 2:30 - 2:55 Case study of VSBK technology: Potential of Waste Utilisation by Dr. Soumen Maity, DA 2:55 – 3:25 Introduction of Cleaner Technologies – Case Study of Jharkhand by Sri Subroto Roy, DA 3:25 – 3:35 Scope for Utilization of Waste Materials by D.P. Mahapatra, Additional Secretary, Department of

Industry, Govt. of Orissa 3:35 – 3:45 Emerging Regulatory, Business and Technical Issue for Industrialization of the Brick Sector in Orissa

Opening Remarks on “Vision for Brick Industry” by Sri Gokul Chandra Pati, Principal Secretary, Department of Industry, Govt. of Orissa

3:45 – 4:00 Tea 4:00 – 4:45 Open House Discussions 4:45 – 5:30 Concluding Session and Way Forward : Priorities for Future Action 5:30 Closing of Workshop

Annexure I


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Sl . No Name Organisation Desgination Contact

details Govt. of Orissa

1 Shri Hemant Sharma Department of Industries Director 2 Shri. Gokul ch. Pati Department of Industries Principal Secretary 3 Sri D. P. Mahapatra Department of Industries Addl. Secretary 4 Sri L.N. Pattanaik OSPCB Chairman 2560973 5 T.N. Das OKVIB Dy. Secretary 9861133244 6 H.B. Das DIC, Bhadrak GM, DIC 240472 7 Magu Naik DIC, Jagatsinghpur GM, DIC 8 Pitambar Kar DIC, Ganjam GM, DIC 2290715 9 P.P. Choudhary DIC, Ganjam Asst. Manager (P) 9937184192

10 T. Badri narayan DIC, Ganjam Asst. Manager 0680-2290715 11 Er. N.K. Singh DIC, Deogarh GM, DIC 9437220346 12 Saroj ku. Hota DIC, Rayagada GM, DIC 9437201396 13 Bansi dhar Panigrahi DIC, Nayagarh GM, DIC 9437106904 14 S.C. Jena DIC, Boudh GM, DIC 0684-222714 15 Rama ch. Sahoo DIC, Kendrapara GM, DIC 9437225508 16 S.K. Mohanty DIC, Kendra para Ind. Tap 9437316764 17 J.K. Sathapathy DIC, Bolangir GM, DIC 233302 18 P.K. Behera DIC, DKS GM, DIC 234552 19 K.Mohanty DIC, KJR GM, DIC 94372-53153 20 Pradip Ku. Mohanty DIC, Puri GM, DIC 21 Tarun Mohanty DIC, BBSR Asst. Manager 9437082144 22 K.Ghose DIC, BBSR AM (P) 2580146 23 S.C Badri DIC, BBSR IPO 2580146 24 A.R. Panda, DCIO DIC, Jharsuguda DCIO 06645-271785 25 M. R. Satpathy DIC, Khurda D/M 2490411 26 Ashok Ku. Mandal DIC, PCB I.P.O 9437381311 27 Jogeswar Thakur DIC, Sambalpur DCIO 9437102955 28 N.N. Dandapat DIC, Sudergarh Asst. Manager (cr.) 29 T.K. Mohanty JDI, Director Industries JDIDO 9338104998 30 K.B. Mishra Jt. Director Industry JDI 9437133833 31 Kumund ch. Pani. Office of the DI Chief Accountant Officer 32 Dr. D.K Rout SPC board, Orissa Regional Officer, Cuttack 9861173218

Bank Representatives 33 M.D. Pattanaik Allahabad Bank CM 2554836 34 B.K. Mishra B.O.I Manager Credit 2559256 35 R.N. Pattanaik C.M (Lead bank) State Bank of India 2530516

36 Mrs. Binapani sahu SBI, LHU,BHUBANESWAR Asst. General Manager 937005008

37 Mr. B.R. Chouhan UCO Bank DGM 2531524 38 Mr. P.C. Nayak UCO Bank DCO Credit 2531524

Enterprenuers 39 Ramebtar Guhha Brick Unit Proprietor 06784-272631 40 Sankarsan Swain Brick Unit Proprietor 06784-272660 41 Sajjan Agrawal Fanleswari, V.S.B Business 94371-51476 42 Mrs. Surekha Panda Ganapati Bricks Proprietor 9437146858

Annexure II


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43 K.P. Mohanty Ganapati Bricks Proprietor 9337117031 44 Surya kant Das Maa Jagali ctc Proprietor 9337889830 45 Pratap jena Mayur Brick Fields Owner 9861021500

46 Dr. Bipin Pattanaik Om Builders and Developer MD 9437033788

47 Ghan shyam Sathapathi Prava Bricks Owner 9861029533 48 Abani Ku. Baral Pvt. Enterprenuer 9437452185 49 S.R. Mohanty R. Bricks Enterprenuer 9861097975 50 Subash Ku. Das Subham Brick Ind. Enterprenuer 9437174751 51 Bijay Ku. Panda Vijay Bricks Enterprenuer 0680-2404241 52 Sangram Keshori Pani Enterprenuer 99375-76404 53 S.K. Behera Enterprenuer 9437505631 54 Sudhir ku. Mishra S.S. Bricks Enterprenuer 9437181910 55 K. Srinivas Rao TARA Enterprenuer 6857267060 56 Sachidananda Sahoo Enterprenuer 9337702655 57 Modan gopal Mishra Maa bricks Proprietor 9437194826 58 Kailash ch. Sahoo Sahoo enterprises Proprietor 59 A..K. Samal Murli Bricks Proprietor 60 Sanatan Panda SUN Bricks Proprietor 9437024749 61 Nrusingha Sahoo Shree Bricks Proprietor 9437053095 62 Prafulla ch. Parida Rupa Brick Proprietor 2341339 63 Rabi Narayan Mishra Sunita Agencies Proprietor 9437311164 64 Sangram Kesari Patra SUNA Bricks Proprietor 9861313201 65 Subrat Bostia SUN Bricks Proprietor 94371-34785 66 Prasanta Ku. Panda UTKAL Bricks Proprietor 06857-251557 67 T. Srinivas Rao Rout Bricks VSBK- Enterprenuer 9437234724 68 T.K. Swain Sona Bricks 69 T.K Samantray Murli Bricks 9937539009

DA 70 Dr. Arun Kumar DA President 71 Shrastant Patara DA 72 Dr. Soumen Maity DA-TARA Senior Programme Manager 73 Subroto Roy DA-TARA 74 Indrani Mahapatra DA Environmental Scientist 75 Manender DA Environmental Engineer 76 Satyananda Sahoo DA-TARA Village, Orissa

ODTF 77 S.P. Mohanty ODTF Programme Officer 9437156499 78 Smita Panda ODTF Architect 9937148905 79 N.P. Panigrahi ODTF Secretary 9937088775 80 S. Karan ODTF CBS 9437114861 81 M. R. Sahoo ODTF CBO 9437142247 82 R. R Mishra ODTF Accountant 0674-3250065 83 Amiya Kumar Mohanty ODTF Engineer 94371-23707 84 Tapaswani Swain ODTF Sociologist 3250065 85 Debendra Subudhi ODTF Programme Manager 9437308548

86 Sachidananda Mishra ODTF Engineer 9437078465

87 L.N. Barik ODTF President


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88 Sunita Bhujabal ODTF GIS Analyst 94374-09229

89 S.K. Choudhary ODTF Engineer 9437160603

UNDP

90 Anindya Kumar Sarkar UNDP Programmme Co-ordinator (Shelter) 9861085234

91 R.C. Panda UNDP PO 94371-28225 92 S.N. Padhari UNDP PO Habitat Development 9437011377 MEDIA 93 Dipak Nayak E-TV Camera Person 9861287770 94 Debjit Samantaray OTV Camera Person 9861017118 95 Pratap Ku. Samal SAMAJ Correspondence 9437024211 96 A.K. Nayak Kalinga Bhasu Correspondence 97 K.C. Das Kalakar Editor 9437164644 98 Girija Das SAMAY Journalist 9861060913 99 Sanjib Das Times of India Photo Journalist 9437186767 100 Arbinda PIONEER Photo Journalist 9861212299 101 Lingaraj Panda New Indian Express Photo Journalist 9861157919 102 Niranjan Sambad Kalika Photo Personality 9437133054 103 Badri nath Das The Samaja Photographer 9338113232 104 N.P. Mohapatra Odisha Bhaskar Photo-Journalist 9437282322 105 Q. Hitesh Midday Press Reporter 9861049855 106 Umesh ch. Ray Paryabekhyak Reporter 9437082176 107 Debendra Suar Sambad Reporter 9437196099 108 Himansu Singh Tathya Reporter 9937161949 109 Jyoti Mjishra OTV Reporter 9437029084 110 Rama Ch. Behera Media House Reporter 9338204712 111 Barendra Krushna Sahoo Odisha Bhaskar Reporter 9437383434 112 A. Biswal Sambad Reporter 9437093322 113 K. Ravi The Statement Reporter 9861037021 114 Subhrasu Panda E-TV News Reporter 93373-14142 115 S.N. Agragam Media Representative 9338933603 116 Sri Mohan Mohapatra N.D.T.V, Bhubaneswar 9937404224 117 Narendra Dash Media Professional Mg. Partner

118 S.Kar New Indian Express, Staff Correspondence

119 Bijaya Samal Media Hastakhar Advocate (Press) 98611-32651 120 Kanti Dhar Oriya daily 9861132050 121 P.K.Jena PTI Manager Architect 122 Ramesh Ch. Swain Creative Architect Architect 123 Y. Bux Creative Architect Structural Engineer Others 124 Subransu Pattanik OSSIA 9861135658 125 N.K. Das OSIMA Director 9437574719 126 Bibhuti Ranjan Mohapatra OSSIA President 9937021049 127 Biranchi Mishra OYEA, Cr President 9337728197 128 M. Mukharjee ICCL Asst. Manager 2494014 129 Dulamani Pradhan MCL Chemist 06645-240839


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130 Prafulla Ku. Jena DFC, Rourkela Project Manager 131 J.C. Hota IMFA Group Vice-President 9937006868 132 A. Kumar OSSIA Jt. Secretary

133 Binod bihari Das, Ex-joint Labour Commisioner ODD foundation Vice-Chairman 9937011811

134 Gauri Sankar Deb OASME Secretary General 9437021216 135 P. Satyam ICCL DGM 9937297040 136 Purna C. Mohanty 137 Satya 138 Debananda Rath Alishan 98610-14242 139 Biswanath Ku. Asikali 94372-08972 140 P.K. Meher Mehers MD 9437059600 141 N.C. Hota RPF Inspector 94373-31598 142 L.D. Sahoo OSSIA Vice-President 9437037914 143 B.K. Baliarsingh OSSIA Hony. Secretary 0671-5535156 144 Mehali Hasan 145 Aswani Ku. Panda OSSIA Member 0671-2310839 146 D.K. Mishra JITM Principal

147 Ashish kumar Samantray IMFA Ltd. Mining Engineer 9437309517


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The India - Canada Environment Facility (ICEF) was established in 1993 between the Government of India and the Government of Canada. It is a joint project of the two Governments for the purpose of undertaking environmental projects in the water and energy sector. ICEF works directly with Indian Institutions and organizations to enhance and promote environmentally sound development, with principal focus on building and sustaining institutional capacity and related management capability in natural resource and environmental management.

India Canada Environment Facility 2nd Floor Sanrakshan Bhawan 10, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi - 110066, INDIA + 91 (0)11 2619 0306 + 91 (0)11 2619 0318 + 91 (0)11 2619 0360 + 91 (0)11 2619 0361 email : [email protected] website : www.icefindia.org

Development Alternatives 111/9-Z, IInd Floor, Kishangarh New Delhi 110070, INDIA + 91 (0)11 2689 0380 + 91 (0)11 2680 1521 + 91 (0)11 2613 4103 email : [email protected] http://www.vsbkindia.com http://www.devalt.org Development Alternatives is an independent sector organization working towards creating sustainable livelihoods that improve the quality of life of the rural poor. The DA Group has experience in community mobilization, natural resource management, sustainable technology development, micro enterprise support and community infrastructure.

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