Policy formulation and evaluation Combining society, economy and environment - A Green Economy...
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Transcript of Policy formulation and evaluation Combining society, economy and environment - A Green Economy...
Policy formulation and evaluation
Combining society, economy and environment
-A Green Economy Perspective
Dr. Andrea M. Bassi
Deputy Director, Millennium InstituteJohannesburg, May 2010
Millennium Institute
• Established in 1983, MI is a not for profit organization based in Arlington VA, USA.
• Our goals are:– To develop and disseminate advanced analytical
tools to support strategic planning on critical issues;– To build capacity in countries to use our tools to
help address critical issues;– To develop a network of partners to inspire, endow,
and implement more integrated planning towards a sustainable future.
Green economy and municipalities
- Green economy definition:- Resource efficiency- Low carbon development- Economic growth and job creation
- Municipalities as entities embedded in a broader context:- Drivers of innovation- Dependent/impacted by national policies
Coherent Planning
r e d u c e d v u l n e r a b i l i t y t o t h e
m a r k e t a n d c l i m a t e c h a n g e
d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n
c r e a t i o n o f
s y n e r g i e s
c o h e r e n t
p l a n n i n g
c r e a t i o n o f a n i c h e
o f e x c e l l e n c e
m o n i t o r i n g a n d
e v a l u a t i o n
f o r m u l a t i o n
o f p o l i c i e s
e x t e n d t h e b a s i s
f o r c o o p e r a t i o n
Clean energy options…Clean energy options…
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
… … create positive effects…create positive effects…
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … on the drivers of economic on the drivers of economic growth…growth…
e c o n o m i c g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … but require to retain talents…but require to retain talents…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … while stimulating investment…while stimulating investment…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … for industry and tourism, for industry and tourism, among others…among others…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
t o u r i s m
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … adding commercial services…adding commercial services…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
t o u r i s m
c o m m e r c i a l
a c t i v i t y
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
… … to finally result in to finally result in demographic changes…demographic changes…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
t o u r i s m
c o m m e r c i a l
a c t i v i t y
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
p o p u l a t i o n
… … and higher needs to and higher needs to sustain economic growth… sustain economic growth…
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
t o u r i s m
c o m m e r c i a l
a c t i v i t y
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
w a t e r
e n e r g y
r o a d s
s c h o o l s
h e a l t h c a r e
b a n k s
h o u s i n g
p o p u l a t i o n
… … and Profit from Coherent and Profit from Coherent Long Term Planning!Long Term Planning!
e c o n o m i c
g r o w t h
i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p i t a l
i n d u s t r y
c l e a n e n e r g y
o p t i o n s
e d u c a t i o n
e x p e n d i t u r e
p r i v a t e
i n v e s t m e n t
t o u r i s m
c o m m e r c i a l
a c t i v i t y
w i n d
s o l a r
b i o f u e l s
w a s t e
r e c y c l e
h y d r o g e n
e m p l o y m e n t
w a t e r
e n e r g y
r o a d s
s c h o o l s
h e a l t h c a r e
b a n k s
h o u s i n g
p o p u l a t i o n
Key lessons
• Long term approach;
• Integrated (cross-sectoral) policy assessment;
• Reaching goals becomes more and more challenging (e.g. productivity and growth);
• Seek synergies, avoid roadblocks.
Energy Interdependencies
education
health
population
infrastructure
labor
poverty
production
government
investment
row
households
technology
climatechange
minerals
emissions
landsustainabi
lity
water
energy
Integrated long term policy
• An example, transport:– Bus rapid transit, light rail, metro rail, bike paths
and pedestrian walkways result in:• Reduced congestion (not green congestion), lower
maintenance and operation costs of the transport network.
• Lower pollution and health costs.
• Add synergies with water, energy and waste– E.g. higher density areas, following transit oriented
development, reduce capital cost and increase productivity.
Integrated long term policy (2)
• A second example, jobs:– Tradeoffs exist (e.g. renewables vs. coal)– Opportunities are many (e.g. energy efficiency)
• Seek coherent strategies:– Manufacturing renewable energy technologies
creates a high number of additional jobs;– Distributing and installing them offsets potential
losses.
Policy goals and implementation
• Risk management: objectives and costs– Public initiative (e.g. mandates)
• Predictable cost for both public and private sector;
• Cost can be shared, result assured.
– Public stimulus (e.g. subsidies)• Unpredictable cost (unless a cap is defined);
• Cost is shared, but progress is uncertain.
Conclusions
• Combine sectoral proposals and studies into an integrated framework of analysis– Share knowledge, focus on synergies;
• Incorporate and quantify social, economic and environmental dimensions of the municipal context– Prioritization through feedback analysis;
• Take a longer term perspective: productivity and efficiency are good ways to reach a higher quality of life in cities– Long term perspective.
Thank you for your attention
For more information please [email protected]
Or visit
www.millennium-institute.org