Pol Science II

7/21/2019 Pol Science II

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A PROJECT ON

SARVODAYA MOVEMENT

Submitted to:

Dr. Avinash Samal

(Faculty Of Political Science)

Submitted by:

Swatantra Pandey

Roll No. 162

Semester !!

Sociolo"y #a$or

Submitted on: 2%&11&2'1%

HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR


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Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................ - 2 -RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................... - 3 -

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................- 4 -

OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................... - 5 -

FEATURES OF SARVODAYA MOVEMENT..............................................................- 6 -

PRINCIPLES OF THE SARVODAYA.......................................................................- ! -

SARVODAYA THOUGHT OF MAHATMA GANDHI...................................................- " -

THE MAIN TENETS OF THE SARVODAYA MOVEMENT..........................................- # -

CRITICISM....................................................................................................... - $2 -

CONCLUSION................................................................................................... - $4 -

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................. - $5 -

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

! would lie to e*ress my +eartfelt "ratitude to my teac+er, -r. /inas+ Samal for +is

unstinted su**ort. 0+e to*ic "i/en to me for my *ro$ect is one t+at is /ery close to my +eart

and ! +o*e ! +a/e done $ustice to it. 0+an you, $urists, masters of law and /arious

"o/ernmental de*artments for t+e e*ression of your ideas, t+ou"+ts and immense amount of

nowled"e in t+e form of t+e /arious boos, articles and o*inions. it+out all of t+is, it

would +a/e been im*ossible for me to com*lete my *ro$ect. #y "ratitude also "oes out to t+e

staff and administration of N34 for t+e infrastructure in t+e form of our library and !0 3ab

w+ic+ was a source of "reat +el* for t+e com*letion of t+is *ro$ect.

Swaanra Pan!"#

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

0+e researc+ is doctrinal in nature. !t is collected from secondary sources suc+ as boos,

$ournals, websites. 0+e to*ic +as been etensi/ely researc+ed u*on so as to accom*lis+ t+e

"oal of com*letion of t+e current *ro$ect re*ort

INTRODUCTION

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Sar/odayameans 5de/elo*ment of all 0ribal /illa"es +a/e a system

of madaitor san"atw+ic+ literally mean 5coo*eration. 7and+i$is conce*t of de/elo*ment

is Sar/odaya t+rou"+ ntyodaya, im*lyin" t+e welfare of all t+rou"+ t+e weaest of t+esociety. Princi*les of coo*eration and collecti/e endea/or are central to society.

80rustees+i*8 im*lies t+at *ro*erty belon"s to all, and t+e +older mana"es it and taes care

of it only as a socially res*onsible trustee. 0+e 7and+ian model em*+asi9es

decentrali9ation of socio&economic and *olitical systems startin" from t+e /illa"e to t+e

+i"+est le/el. illa"e life s+ould arouse a sense of coo*eration and fellows+i*.

0+e ;Sar/odaya; is t+e combination of two words ;Sarba; and ;4daya;. !t denotes t+e

meanin" u*lift of all. !ts *+iloso*+ical ideas de/otes t+e meanin" u*lift and de/elo*mentin all as*ects in t+e life of indi/idual. !t also "i/es t+e meanin" ;"ood of all;, ser/ice to all

and wellfare to all, etc. Sar/odaya, as an ideal, sees to build a new society on t+e

foundation of t+e old s*iritual and moral /alues of !ndia. !ts *+iloso*+y is inte"ral and

synt+etic in c+aracter. !t taes u* t+e 7and+ian synt+esis of t+e ideas of edanta,


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OBJECTIVES

0o study t+e conce*t of sar/odaya laid down by #a+atma 7and+i.

0o analy9e t+e features and *rinci*les of Sar/odaya #o/ement.

0o e*lore t+e critisms of Sar/odaya #o/ement.

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FEATURES OF SARVODAYA MOVEMENT

(i) Sar/odaya is a stron" ideolo"y for *re/ention of socio&economic ills of t+e society.

(ii) !t is based on ;d/aita edanto; doctrine. 0+e main aim is to reconcile t+e systems ofe"oism and altruism.

(iii) !t stands for creatin" +i"+ moral c+aracter in t+e society. !t is only *ossible by trut+,

non/iolence, self&sacrifice and *urity, etc. !n s+ort, it stands for t+e su*remacy and

absoluteness of moral /alues. s >.P. Narayan said, 8Sar/odaya re*resents t+e +i"+est

socialist /alues. !t taes a balanced or w+ole /iew of life. !t is naturally

o**osed to ca*italism and stands for decentralisation of t+e forces of *roduction.8

(i/) !t aims at ado*tin" self&sacrifice for t+e sae of ot+ers. 0ain" and "i/in", to ot+ers. !t is

t+e best *rinci*le in Sar/odaya.

(/) Sar/odaya *leads for self&sufficient /illa"e communities. !t claims to establis+ a society

of *roducers.


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PRINCIPLES OF THE SARVODAYA:

0+ere is no centrali9ed aut+ority, and t+ere is *olitical and economic atmos*+ere in

t+e /illa"es.

Politics will not be t+e instrument of *ower but an a"ency of ser/ice andRajnity will

yield *lace toLoknity.

ll *eo*le will be imbued wit+ t+e s*irit of lo/e, fraternity, trut+, non&/iolence and

self&sacrifices. Society will function on t+e basis on t+e non&/iolence.

0+ere will be no *arty system and ma$ority rule and society will be free from t+e e/il

of t+e tyranny of t+e ma$ority.

0+e sar/odaya society is socialist in t+e true sense of t+e term. ll callin" will be t+e

same moral, social and economical /alues. 0+e indi/idual *ersonality +as t+e fullest

sco*e for de/elo*ment.

0+e sar/odaya society is based on e?uality and liberty. 0+ere is no room in it for

unw+olesome some com*etition, e*loitation and class&+atred.

Sar/odaya stands for t+e *ro"ress of t+e all. ll indi/idual s+ould do indi/idual labour

and follow t+e ideal of non *ossession. 0+en it will be *ossible to reali9e t+e "oal of:

from eac+ accordin" to +is wor and to eac+ accordin" to +is needs.

0+ere will be no *ri/ate *ro*erty, t+e instrument of e*loitation and t+e source of

social distinctions and +atred. Similarly, t+e *rofit moti/e will disa**ear, rent and

interest to will "o.

0+e Sar/odaya #o/ement is based on 0rut+, Non&/iolence and Self&denial.

0+e Sar/odaya #o/ement maes a sincere and bold attem*t to create t+e necessary

atmos*+ere to brin" to"et+er suc+ indi/iduals wit+ an unwa/erin" fait+ in t+e

elfare of ll

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0+e "ain to t+e indi/idual would be small. 0+e de/elo*ment of eac+ ?uality de*ends

u*on e/ery ot+er. !f all t+e ?ualities are im*ro/ed a little, t+en t+e indi/idual would

"ain more.

SARVODAYA THOUGHT OF MAHATMA GANDHI

!t was #a+atma 7and+i w+o first used t+e word Sar/odaya in modern times. Sar/odaya

means 5t+e rise or welfare of all. 7and+i$i borrowed t+is conce*t from >o+n Rusins 4nto

0+is 3ast. 0+e *ro*er renderin" of 4nto 0+is 3ast would be ntyodaya (u*lift of t+e last)

rat+er t+an Sar/odaya.2

inob+a . P. Narayan +olds t+e /iew t+at Sar/odaya stands for t+e sublime "oals of freedom, e?uality,

brot+er+ood and *eace. Reali9ation of a ric+, total and inte"rated life is t+e basic ob$ecti/e of

Sar/odaya *+iloso*+y.

ccordin" to Eumara**a, Sar/odaya re*resents t+e ideal social order accordin" to 7and+i$i.

!ts basis is all&embracin" lo/e. >. P. =+andra o*ines t+at by brin"in" about a countrywide

2 R. P. #is+ra: Redisco/erin" 7and+i olume !: ind Swara$&7and+iGHIs =+allen"es to modern=i/ili9ation=once*t Publis+in" =om*any, New -el+i

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decentralisation of bot+ *olitical and economic *owers, Sar/odaya *ro/ides o**ortunity for

t+e all&round de/elo*ment of t+e indi/idual and t+e societyJ.

Sar/odaya sees t+e +a**iness of eac+ and all. ence it is su*erior to t+e utilitarian conce*t

of "reatest +a**iness of t+e "reatest number. -ada -+armad+iari +i"+li"+ted t+e

distinction between Sar/odaya and western !sms w+ic+ s*eas of t+ree sta"es in t+e

e/olution of +umanist t+ou"+t first came -arwin wit+ +is ad/ocation of t+e *rinci*le of t+e

sur/i/al of t+e fittest net came uley wit+ t+e doctrine 5li/e and let li/e and today,

5Sar/odaya "oin" one ste* furt+er asserts 53i/e in order to +el* ot+ers li/e.

THE MAIN TENETS OF THE SARVODAYA MOVEMENT

0+e main tenets as *ro*ounded by 7and+i$i and subse?uently e*lained by t+e *ioneers of

t+is mo/ement are as follows:

1. Sar/odaya reiterates belief in 7od and, furt+er, it identifies t+at belief wit+ fait+ in t+e

"oodness of man and wit+ ser/ices, of +umanity.

2. !t attac+es im*ortance to t+e *rinci*le of trustees+i* as im*lyin" t+e abolition of *ri/ate

owners+i* and t+e a**lication of t+e *rinci*le of non&*ossession to *ublic institutions.

J. Sar/odaya en/isa"es a new +umanistic socialist society. #an will be t+e centre of suc+ a

society. 4nless man culti/ates /alues lie lo/e, sincerity, trut+, an abidin" sym*at+y etc., t+e

emer"ence of a new society would only remain a *ious dream. !n t+is *rocess of c+an"e t+e

State +as little role to *lay. 0+e State, at best, can effect c+an"e at t+e le/el of t+e eternal

be+a/iour of man. !t fails to influence t+e inner s*rin"s of life. 0+is mental transformation is

only *ossible t+rou"+ a**eal and *ersuasion.%

%. Sar/odaya /isualises a sim*le, non&/iolent and decentralised society. !n ca*italism and

state socialism t+e indi/idual becomes alone and isolated. Sar/odaya is o**osed to bot+. !n

t+e sc+eme of Sar/odaya t+e *eo*le are endowed wit+ real *ower. -emocracy becomes

3 Autobiography, part IV, chapter xviii

4 #.E.7and+i: illa"e Swara$Na/$i/an *ublis+in" ouse,+amadabad

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meanin"ful and assumes si"nificance only w+en its structure is reared on t+e foundation of

/illa"e Panc+ayats.A

0+e Sar/odaya mo/ement inculcates t+is democratic awareness amon" t+e *eo*le es*ecially

amon" t+e ruralites. "ain in t+e sc+eme of Sar/odaya decentralisation of industry taes

*lace t+rou"+ t+e or"anisation of small&scale, cotta"e and /illa"e industries. 0+e reason is not

far to see.

!n a country lie !ndia w+ere t+ere is acute s+orta"e of ca*ital and abundance of labour, any

attem*t at industriali9ation t+rou"+ +i"+ tec+nolo"y is doomed to failure. #oreo/er, t+e

decentrali9ation of *roduction would *re/ent bureaucratisation of t+e economic system.

A. Sar/odaya idea contains t+e content of e"alitarianism. !t rests on t+e *rinci*le of true

e?uality and liberty. !t stands o**osed to e*loitation of any ind.

6. 0+e conce*t of Sar/odaya /iews wor as an offerin" to t+e 3ord. Furt+er, t+e *rinci*le of

e?uality of all reli"ions finds better elucidation in some of t+e t+iners of Sar/odaya

*+iloso*+y.

K. !n Sar/odaya *ro"ramme t+e standard of life is fundamental and not t+e standard of li/in".

rise in t+e standard of li/in" mi"+t e/en lower t+e standard of life by reducin" mans

*+ysical, moral, intellectual and s*iritual standards and *owers.

B. 0+e Sar/odaya *+iloso*+y stands o**osed to *arliamentary democracy and *arty system.

!t is because t+e *arty system di/ides t+e society into /arious "rou*s. >. P. Narayan wanted to

re*lace t+e eistin" *arliamentary system t+rou"+ *olitical and economic decentralisation of

*owers and functions. Sar/odaya stands for establis+ment of an inte"rated coo*erati/e

society.

@. Sar/odaya *ro"ramme "i/es *rime *lace to *lannin". ccordin" to t+e sc+eme of

Sar/odaya *lannin" must *roceed wit+ two ob$ects: remo/al of natural or man&made

im*ediments in t+e road to t+e de/elo*ment of man and *ro/ision of means, trainin" and

"uidance for it.

5 0. #ad+a/a #enon, +andboo of Eerala, olume 2, 0+iru/anant+a*uram: !nternational Sc+oolof -ra/idian 3in"uistics, 2''2,!S


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Sar/odaya mo/ement entails economic, *olitical, *+iloso*+ical and et+ical im*lications.

0+ey are as follows:

E$%n%mi$ im&li$ai%ns'

7and+i$is conce*t of Sar/odaya aims at welfare of all. !t is founded on t+e *+iloso*+y of

limited wants. ccordin" to +im, C=i/ili9ation in t+e real sense of t+e term consists not in t+e

multi*lication but in t+e deliberate and /oluntary reduction of wants. 0+is alone *romotes

real +a**iness and contentment and increases ca*acity for ser/ice.D Our economy s+ould be

based on 5sim*le li/in", +i"+ t+inin".

e fou"+t for an economy free from e*loitation and corru*tion, limitation of +uman wants,

e?uality and basic needs for all. !n t+e words of Prof. . P. arma,D !f t+e


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im*ro/e eit+er by 0a*asya (self effort) or by a**eals made to +im by ot+ers t+rou"+ suc+

non&/iolent tec+ni?ues as Satya"ra+a, non&coo*eration and fastin".

P%lii$al im&li$ai%ns'

Sar/odaya attac+es im*ortance to 5loniti. 0+e conce*t of loniti si"nifies self&restraint, self&

abne"ation, selfless ser/ice to t+e *eo*le, disci*line, fait+ in 7od and *erformance of duties

wit+ beni"n moti/e. Sar/odaya condemns t+e ma$ority rule, elections, *olitical *arties and

centralisation of *ower. 7and+i$i wanted a 5Stateless democracy in w+ic+ e/en weaest +a/e

t+e same o**ortunity as t+e stron"est. 0+e ideal democracy will be a federation of Satya"ra+i

/illa"e communities based on non&/iolence.

CRITICISM:

Th" $%n$"& %( Sarv%!a#a has )""n h" ar*" %( $rii$ism (r%m !i(("r"n

$%rn"rs.

1. Sar/odaya *+iloso*+y +as been branded as 54to*ia. !t is because Sar/odaya assumes t+e

+uman bein" to be an e*itome of /irtues only.


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sinister desires and acti/ities. !n some ?uarters, in fact, wealt+ is belie/ed to be an

indis*ensable *rere?uisite of culture and +i"+er /alues.6

%. =ritics +old t+e /iew t+at lar"e&scale *roduction and industriali9ation can raise t+e standard

of li/in" of t+e *eo*le and release +uman ener"y for more creati/e *ursuits. =otta"e

industries may "enerate em*loyment. t t+e same time it may be a failure due to +i"+ cost of

*roduction and low ?uality of *roducts.

A. Pro*osals re"ardin" t+e trustees+i* system and com*lete decentralisation of all economic

and *olitical set u* are not+in" more t+an academic eercises.

6. >. =. >o+ari ri"+tly obser/es t+at t+e #arists would scoff at t+e w+ole sc+ool of

Sar/odaya as one belon"in" to t+e world of Owenites and Saint Simonians t+e collecti/ists

would not endorse t+e su""estion of a /ery limited "o/ernment in /iew of mans life of

minimum wants and liberals would +a/e e/ery reason to doubt t+e feasibility of an ideal

society as concei/ed by t+e ad/ocates of t+e sar/odaya *+iloso*+y.

!n fine, Sar/odaya society ensures a society free from e*loitation and offers t+e o**ortunity

to eac+ and e/eryone to *ros*er and wor for t+e well bein" of all. !t creates a condition not

only for *artici*atory democracy but also for establis+in" a new form of socialism. !t

en/isa"es a new *attern of life based on decentralisation of economic and *olitical *ower

ensurin" t+e moral freedom of man. s Lric+ Fromm says, C0+e aim of +umanistic socialism

can be attained only by t+e introduction of a maimum of decentralisation com*atible wit+ a

minimum of centralisation necessary for t+e functionin" of an industrial society. 0+e function

of a centralised state must be reduced to a minimum, w+ile t+e /oluntary acti/ity of freely

coo*eratin" citi9ens constitutes t+e central mec+anism of social life.D

6 +tt*:MMwww.sar/odaya.or"MaboutM*+iloso*+yMcollected&wors&/ol&2Mcountrys&cryin"&need

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CONCLUSION

7and+i *ro*ounded t+e t+eory of Sar/odaya and a**lied it in t+e contet of *articular time,

*lace and situation. Lac+ a"e and eac+ *roblem needs a solution of its own and tec+ni?ues of

its own to resol/e t+e *roblem. 0+ose w+o a**ears to follow in t+e foot*rints of 7and+i +ow

to e/ol/e tec+ni?ues different from t+e one t+at 7and+i, e/ol/ed. !n t+e words of L/ison,

87and+i$i;s instrument in itself once inno/ated by one of t+e rarest of men under s*ecific

culture and +istorical conditions, now eists in t+e ima"es, im*ulses and ritualisations of

many w+o +a/e become aware of it by, w+at we may call ritual diffusion. !t now calls for

leaders w+o will reno/ate it elsew+ere, s+arin", no doubt, some of t+e *ersonal or +istorical

moti/ation of t+e first leader, t+e first followers of t+ose first led, but recombinin" its

moti/ation wit+ totally new elements.8

So, lastly we can conclude t+at Sar/odaya ideals are not *racticable. 0+ou"+ t+e ideals of

sar/odaya will be noble.Nobady can find fault wit+ t+em, in t+e actual world. 0+ey will be

found wantin". !t will be almost im*ossible to establis+ a society strictly on t+e basis of "reat

*rinci*les by #a+atma 7and+i and ot+ers. Sar/odaya doctrines are soarin" and it is doubtful

w+et+er t+ey can rest on t+e eart+. 0+e *oor record of Panc+ayat Ra$ in !ndia bears testimony

to t+e bacward condition in w+ic+ *eo*le are. !n t+e +i"+ly com*etiti/e world, one country

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can not succeed in +a/in" 7ramra$.4nless all states in t+e world acce*t t+e Sar/odaya idea.

0+e c+ances of +a/in" it is a *articular country lie !ndia are blea. s well as, it is difficult

to brin" a c+an"e of t+e +eart in t+e yout+, w+o is "i/en to selfis+ness. Peo*le donated

useless land in res*onse to t+e


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+tt*:MMwww.sar/odaya.or"MaboutM*+iloso*+yMcollected&wors&/ol&2Mcountrys&

cryin"&need

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