Point to point .

• point to point

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

IPv4 subnetting reference

1 /31 1255.255.255.2542 = 21 Rarely used, point to point links

(RFC 3021)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

Short Message Service - GSM

1 The Short Message Service—Point to Point (SMS-PP)—was originally defined in GSM

recommendation 03.40, which is now maintained in 3GPP as TS 23.040. GSM

03.41 (now 3GPP TS 23.041) defines the Short Message Service—Cell Broadcast

(SMS-CB), which allows messages (advertising, public information, etc.) to

be broadcast to all mobile users in a specified geographical area.


Metamaterial cloaking - Challenges presented by the first cloaking device

1 Unlike a homogeneous natural material with its material properties the same everywhere, the cloak's

material properties vary from point to point, with each point designed for specific electromagnetic interactions (inhomogeneity), and are different in

different directions (anisotropy)


IEEE 1394 - Comparison with USB

1 USB requires the presence of a bus master, typically a PC, which

connects point to point with the USB slave


LAPB - Frame format

1 Address field – In LAPB, this field has no meaning since the protocol works in a point to point mode and the DTE

network address is represented in the layer 3 packets


Electronics - Construction methods

1 For instance, early electronics often used point to point wiring with

components attached to wooden breadboards to construct circuits


Anthony Burgess - Tax exile

1 Gore Vidal revealed in his 2006 memoir Point to Point Navigation that

Greene disapproved of Burgess's appearance on various European television stations to discuss his

(Burgess') books


View model - Nominal set of views

1 Data System view – Describes instruments, computers, and data storage components, their data

system attributes and the communications connectors (busses, networks, point to point links) that

are used in the system.


Leased line - Site to site data connectivity

1 Today, point to point data circuits are typically provisioned as either TDM,

Ethernet, or Layer 3 MPLS.


Flow control (data) - Sliding Window

1 Sliding window flow control is a point to point protocol assuming that no other entity tries to communicate until the current data transfer is

complete.


RS-422 - Standard scope

1 RS-422 provides for data transmission, using balanced, or

differential, signaling, with unidirectional/non-reversible, terminated or non-terminated

transmission lines, point to point, or multi-drop


InfiniBand - Description

1 Like Fibre Channel, PCI Express, Serial ATA, and many other modern interconnects, InfiniBand offers point-to-point bidirectional serial links

intended for the connection of processors with high-speed peripherals such as disks. On top of the point to point capabilities, InfiniBand also

offers multicast operations. It supports several signaling rates and, as with PCI Express, links

can be bonded together for additional throughput. The technology is promoted by the

InfiniBand Trade Association.


Cache coherence - Cache coherence mechanisms

1 Directories, on the other hand, tend to have longer latencies (with a 3 hop request/forward/respond) but

use much less bandwidth since messages are point to point and not

broadcast


Distributed memory - Architecture

1 The interconnect can be organised with point to point links or separate hardware can provide a switching

network


Ricochet (Internet service) - Equipment

1 They include a packet-based mode of operation called "star mode", and it is possible to create a point to point

connection or even a small independent network with data speeds greater than 256 kbit/s


Closed-circuit television

1 It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly

transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to

multipoint, or mesh wireless links


Video card - Motherboard interfaces

1 PCI Express: Abbreviated PCIe, it is a point to point interface released in 2004. In 2006 provided double the data-transfer rate of AGP. It should

not be confused with PCI-X, an enhanced version of the original PCI

specification.


Quantum superposition - Hamiltonian evolution

1 If there is an additional term in the H matrix which is an extra phase

rotation which varies from point to point, the continuum limit is the

Schrödinger equation with a potential energy:


Virtual retinal display - Safety

1 To ensure that VRD device is safe, rigorous safety standards from the American National

Standards Institute and the International Electrotechnical Commission were applied to

the development of such systems. Optical damage caused by lasers comes from its

tendency to concentrate its power in a very narrow area. This problem is overcome in

VRD systems as they are scanned, constantly shifting from point to point with

the beams focus.


Wireless networks - Wireless WAN

1 The wireless connections between access points are usually Point-to-

point (telecommunications)|point to point Microwave transmission|

microwave links using parabolic dishes on the 2.4GHz band, rather

than omnidirectional antennas used with smaller networks


Lithium air battery - Anode

1 This chemical change of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) results in

varying chemical composition across the surface, causing the current to

vary from point to point


History of the Internet - Precursors

1 Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end

devices


History of the Internet - Precursors

1 However, the point to point communication model was limited,

as it did not allow for direct communication between any two

arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary


Electric vehicle - Energy and motors

1 In addition to the high-performance control systems needed, Railroad

switch|switching and curving of the tracks becomes difficult with linear motors, which to date has restricted their operations to high-speed point

to point services.


Inertial measurement unit - Disadvantages

1 A major disadvantage of using IMUs for navigation is that they typically suffer from

accumulated error, including Abbe error. Because the guidance system is continually adding detected changes to its previously-calculated positions (see dead reckoning),

any errors in measurement, however small, are accumulated from point to point. This

leads to 'drift', or an ever-increasing difference between where the system thinks

it is located, and the actual location.


UFC - Cage

1 The UFC cage is an octagonal structure with walls of metal chain-

link fence coated with black vinyl and a diameter of , allowing of space

from point to point


SMS - GSM

1 The Short Message Service—Point to Point (SMS-PP)—was originally defined in GSM recommendation 03.40, which

is now maintained in 3GPP as TS 23.040.[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23040.h

tm 3GPP TS 23.040] GSM 03.41 (now 3GPP TS 23.041) defines the Short Message Service—Cell Broadcast (SMS-

CB), which allows messages (advertising, public information, etc.) to be broadcast to all mobile users in a

specified geographical area.[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/0341.htm

GSM 03.41], Technical Realization of Short Message Service Cell Broadcast

(SMSCB).[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23041.htm 3GPP TS 23.041]


Mobile data terminal - Technology

1 In the earlier days of computer-assisted dispatch|computer-aided

dispatching (CAD), many MDT's were custom devices, used with

specialized point to point radios, particularly in applications such as

police dispatching


Super grid - Technology

1 Advocates of HVAC point out that HVDC systems are oriented for point

to point bulk transmission and multiple connections to them would

require expensive complex communication and control

equipment as opposed to the simple step up transformers needed if AC

lines were used


Vector field

1 Vector fields are often used to model, for example, the speed and

direction of a moving fluid throughout space, or the strength

and direction of some force, such as the magnetic field|magnetic or gravity|gravitational force, as it

changes from point to point.


Ataxia telangiectasia - Eye and Vision

1 * Control of eye movement is often impaired affecting visual functions

that require fast, accurate eye movements from point to point (e.g.

reading).


Beak - Culmen

1 In all cases, these are chord (geometry)|chord measurements (measured in a straight line from

point to point, ignoring any curve in the culmen) taken with calipers.


Electromagnets - Analysis of ferromagnetic electromagnets

1 First, because the strength of the field varies from point to point in a

complicated way, particularly outside the core and in air gaps, where

fringing fields and leakage flux must be considered


Temperature - Temperature local when local thermodynamic equilibrium prevails

1 Consequently, temperature can vary from point to point in a medium that

is not in global thermodynamic equilibrium, but in which there is local thermodynamic equilibrium.


Transport Phenomena - Mass transfer

1 When a system contains two or more components whose concentration vary from point to point, there is a natural tendency for mass to be

transferred, minimizing any concentration difference within the

system


Hooke's Law - Hooke's law for continuous media

1 All three tensors generally vary from point to point inside the medium, and

may vary with time as well


Cymek - Heighliner

1 Unable to land, heighliners jump from point to point, parking in

planetary orbits. Orbital ferries or interplanetary spacecraft load and unload the heighliner. Special laws govern travel aboard a heighliner; heighliners are considered neutral territory and all acts of war aboard

heighliners carry stiff penalties.


Continuum mechanics - Forces in a continuum

1 When a body is acted upon by external contact forces, internal

contact forces are then transmitted from point to point inside the body to

balance their action, according to Newton's laws of motion|Newton's

second law of motion of conservation of linear momentum and angular

momentum (for continuous bodies these laws are called the Euler's laws|Euler's equations of motion)


Electronic medical record - eHealth and teleradiology

1 The sharing of patient information between health care organizations and IT systems is changing from a point to point model to a many to

many one


Weather radar - Automatic algorithms

1 *Wind shear in low levels. This algorithm detects variation of wind velocities from point to point in the data and looking for a doublet of

inbound/outbound velocities with the zero line perpendicular to the radar beam. The wind shear is associated

with downdraft, (downburst and microburst), gust fronts and

turbulence under thunderstorms.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

IEEE 802.1X

1 IEEE 802.1X defines the encapsulation of the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over IEEE 802RFC 3748, § 3.3RFC 3748, § 7.12 which is known as EAP over LAN or

EAPOL.IEEE 802.1X-2001, § 7 EAPOL was originally designed for IEEE 802.3 Ethernet in 802.1X-2001, but was clarified to suit other IEEE 802 LAN technologies such as IEEE 802.11 wireless and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ISO 9314-2) in 802.1X-2004.IEEE 802.1X-2004, § 3.2.2 The EAPOL protocol was also modified for use with IEEE 802.1AE (“MACsec”) and IEEE 802.1AR (Secure Device Identity, DevID) in 802.1X-2010IEEE 802.1X-2010, page ivIEEE 802.1X-2010, § 5 to support service identification and optional point to point encryption over the local LAN

segment.


DataTAC

1 DataTac is an open standard for point to point wireless data communications, similar to Mobitex. Like Mobitex, it is

mainly used in vertical market applications. One of the early DataTac devices was the Newton Messaging Card, a two-way pager connected to a PC card using the DataTac network. The original BlackBerry devices, the Research In Motion|RIM 850 and 857

also used the DataTac network.


Orienteering

1 'Orienteering' is a family of sports that requires navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually

unfamiliar terrain, and normally moving at speed


IEEE 802.11a-1999 - Description

1 802.11a originally had 12/13 non-overlapping channels, 12 that can be

used indoor and 4/5 of the 12 that can be used in outdoor point to point

configurations


CU-SeeMe

1 CU-SeeMe can make Point-to-point (telecommunications)|point to point video calls without a server or make

multi-point calls through server software first called a reflector and later called a conference server or

Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)


Wire protocol

1 In computer networking, a 'wire protocol' refers to a way of getting

data from point to point: A wire protocol is needed if more than one

application has to interoperate


Azimuth - Calculating azimuth

1 We are standing at latitude \phi_1 , longitude zero; we want to find the

azimuth from our viewpoint to Point 2 at latitude \phi_2 , longitude L

(positive eastward). We can get a fair approximation by assuming the Earth

is a sphere, in which case the azimuth \alpha is given by


Azimuth - Calculating azimuth

1 Normal-section azimuth is the angle measured at our viewpoint by a

theodolite whose axis is perpendicular to the surface of the spheroid; geodetic azimuth is the

angle between north and the geodesic – that is, the shortest path on the surface of the spheroid from

our viewpoint to Point 2


Free (ISP) - 2007-present: Fiber to the home

1 Free has developed its own fiber network technology, called Iliad Point To Point|Iliad P2P, based on Ethernet in the First Mile and having a Point-to-point (telecommunications)|point

to point (P2P) Network topology|topology. High curvature optic fibers

are manufactured by the Dutch company Draka Holding|Draka.


Electric power transmission - Bulk power transmission

1 The increase in voltage is achieved in AC circuits by using a step-up

transformer. High-voltage direct current|HVDC systems require

relatively costly conversion equipment which may be

economically justified for particular projects such as submarine cables and longer distance high capacity

point to point transmission. HVDC is necessary for the import and export of energy between grid systems that are not synchronised with each other.


Electric power transmission - Subtransmission

1 Like transmission, subtransmission moves relatively large amounts of

power, and like distribution, subtransmission covers an area

instead of just point to point.Donald G


Coriolis effect - Causes

1 In order for an object to move in a straight line it must therefore be accelerated so that its velocity

changes from point to point by the same amount as the velocities of the

frame of reference


Security camera





Case law - Court formulations

1 :[T]hat is the way of the Common law#1. Common law as opposed to statutory law and regulatory law|

common law, the judges preferring to go 'from case to case, like the

ancient Mediterranean mariners, hugging the coast from point to

point, and avoiding the dangers of the open sea of system or science


Vehicle bus - Early history of buses on GM vehicles

1 The link was one wire point to point, linking the engine control module to

the fuel data panel.Ronald W



1 In 1981 model year Cadillacs, two 80 bit point to point links were present, with the second link going from the

engine control module to the climate control module.



1 In the 1985 model year, Cadillac FWD C vehicle had an electronic

system that had point to point data links between 5 electronic modules

and a dedicated assembly line diagnostic connector.


Exploration of Uranus - Voyager 2

1 The intensity of the field is roughly comparable to that of Earth's, though

it varies much more from point to point because of its large offset from

the center of Uranus


Quantum electrodynamics - Introduction

1 The images are just symbols to represent the actions above: photons

and electrons do, somehow, move from point to point and electrons,

somehow, emit and absorb photons


Shweeb

1 The proposal envisions networks of monorail track providing point to

point and commuter transit for urban areas.


Unified Smart Grid - Technical features

1 The Unified Smart Grid proposal is not simply a collection of point to point interconnections between

regional systems with some communications intelligence. The topology conceptually has many

access points with each node being a smart grid that could be a Virtual

power plant|virtual power generation cluster, could be a local electric utility system, or could be a Grid

energy storage facility.


IEC 61850 - Standard Documents

1 ** IEC 61850-9-1: Sampled values over serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link


UHF - Characteristics

1 The point to point transmission and reception of TV and radio signals is affected by many

variables


Suffolk - Horse racing

1 The town of Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket is the headquarters of Horseracing in Great Britain|British horseracing – home to the largest

cluster of training yards in the country, many key horse racing

organisations, including the National Stud, and Newmarket Racecourse. Tattersalls bloodstock auctioneers

and the National Horseracing Museum are also in the town. Point to

point (steeplechase)|Point to point racing takes place at Higham, Babergh|Higham and Ampton.


Continuously variable transmission - Toroidal or roller-based CVT (Extroid CVT)

1 The discs can be pictured as two almost conical parts, point to point, with the sides dished such that the

two parts could fill the central hole of a torus


Fox hunting - Procedure

1 Since this may involve very athletic skill on the part of horse and rider alike, fox hunting is the origin of

traditional equestrian sports including steeplechase (horse

racing)|steeplechase and Point to point (steeplechase)|point to point

racing


Light field - The 4D light field

1 Moreover, in this case the function contains redundant information, because the radiance along a ray

remains constant from point to point along its length, as shown at left

(with a provisoThe radiance on a ray that hits the object is not equal to

the radiance of the light coming from the object on the same ray but on

the other side of the object.)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

Airline hub

1 This is as opposed to the Point-to-point transit|Point to Point

model


China Southern Airlines - Recent developments

1 During 2009, China Southern Airlines remodeled its strategy from a point to point

hub to a full hub and spoke carrier, which has been proven successful. Along with that, the airline has rapidly expanded its international market share, particularly in Australia, where passenger numbers in 2011 have been 97%

greater than in 2010.[http://airlineroute.net/2011/10/03/cz-2011/ China Southern Current Status and

Future Planning Overview as of October 2011]


Silver Dart (spacecraft) - Design

1 A Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital configuration using a single rocket engine for point to point travel was

considered. The design was projected to be capable of stable hypersonic atmospheric flight at speeds up to Mach 22, and will glide to earth like

the Space Shuttle.


Racehorses - Ireland

1 Ireland has a rich history of horse racing; Point to point (steeplechase)|point to pointing originated there and

even today, jump racing (National Hunt racing) is more popular than

racing on the flat


Budapest Airport - Collapse of Malév and aftermath (2012–)

1 By 9th of February 2012, only six days after the collapse of the

Hungarian national carrier, Liszt Ferenc Airport had recovered over

60% of its point to point traffic


Budapest Airport - Collapse of Malév and aftermath (2012–)

1 A second effect of the Malév collapse was that the areas used to service

the Malév fleet would no longer generate revenue even once point to

point traffic had been restored


Teleportation in fiction - Lung-gom-pa

1 The book Magic and Mystery in Tibet by French explorer Alexandra David-Néel mentions the Tibetan cultural concept of Lung-gom-pa, a special

skill attainable by adepts which confers the ability to move nearly

instantaneously from point to point.


Teleportation in fiction - Known Space Universe

1 In Larry Niven's Ringworld and in other novels from the Known Space universe,

Earth's citizens travel instantaneously from point to point in glass displacement booths for a marginal fee. Destination is specified by dialling a destination number, much like

we would dial a telephone today. Displacement actually occurs at light speed,

but because any distance on earth is negligible at that speed, the trip is perceived

as instantaneous.


American Championship car racing - Comparison with Formula One

1 But in America, racing took off at horse-race tracks and at the

Indianapolis Motor Speedway, while in Europe, racing from point to point and around large circuits gained in

popularity


Merlin Legend - Predecessors

1 * Telephones used point to point wiring which had to be

hand assembled


Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited - Services

1 *'Managed Network Services' : BSNL is providing complete Telecom

Services Solution to the Enterprise Customers i.e. 'MPLS Connectivity',

'Point to Point Leased Lines' and 'Internet Leased Lines' .


FireWire - Comparison with USB

1 USB requires the presence of a bus (computing)|bus master, typically a PC, which connects point to point

with the USB slave


Teleprinter

1 A 'teleprinter' ('teletypewriter', 'Teletype' or 'TTY') is an

electromechanical typewriter that can be used to send and receive

typed messages from point-to-point (telecommunications)|point to point

and point-to-multipoint communication

(telecommunications)|point to multipoint over various types of

communications channelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

Teleprinter - Teleprinter operation

1 Instead, these private line circuits were connected to network hubs and repeaters configured to provide point to point or point to multipoint service


Label Switched Path

1 When protection is considered, LSPs could be categorized as primary

(working), secondary (backup) and tertiary (LSP of last resort). As

described above, LSPs are normally P2P (point to point). A new concept of LSPs, which are known as P2MP

(point to multi-point), was introduced recently. These are mainly used for

multicasting purposes.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

Broadband wireless access - Licensing

1 Licensing is usually expensive and often reserved for large companies

who wish to guarantee private access to spectrum for use in point

to point communication


One-way voice link

1 Shortwave frequencies were and are generally highly preferred for their long

range, as a communications link of 1200km is easily possible. VHF and UHF frequencies can be used for one way voice circuits, but are generally not preferred as their range is

at best 300km (on flat terrain). Since the 1970s infrared point to point communication systems have been used that offer one way

voice links, but the number of users was always limited.


One-way voice link - Historical context

1 During the mid to late Cold War the STASI (the East German spy agency)

used point to point infrared technology for 2 way voice links

within the divided city of Berlin. One way voice links were used

intermittently.


NTFS junction point - Program redirection

1 By setting a junction point that points to a directory containing a particular version of a piece of software, it may be possible to add another version of the software and redirect the junction point to point to the version desired.


Virtual network

1 A virtual private network (VPN) consists of multiple remote end-

points (typically routers, VPN gateways of software clients) joined by some sort of tunnel over another

network, usually a third party network. Two such end points

constitute a 'Point to Point Virtual Private Network' (or a PTP VPN).

Connecting more than two end points by putting in place a mesh of tunnels

creates a 'Multipoint VPN'.


PPTP - Security

1 * MS-CHAP|MSCHAP-v1 is fundamentally insecure. Tools exist to

trivially extract the NT Password hashes from a captured MSCHAP-v1

exchange.[http://www.schneier.com/paper-pptp.pdf Bruce Schneier,

Cryptanalysis of Microsoft's Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)].


Ring network - Advantages

1 *Due to the point to point line configuration of devices with a

device on either side (each device is connected to its immediate

neighbor), it is quite easy to install and reconfigure since adding or

removing a device requires moving just two connections.


Ring network - Advantages

1 *Point to point line configuration makes it easy to identify and isolate faults.


Electronic devices - Construction methods

1 For instance, early electronics often used Point-to-point construction|point

to point wiring with components attached to wooden breadboards to

construct circuits


Malaysia Airlines - Recovery from unprofitability

1 Apart from that, Malaysia Airlines also rescheduled all of its flight

timings and changed its operations model from Point to point (air

transport)|point to point services to hub and spoke services.


Southwest Airlines - Destinations

1 Southwest does not use the more traditional Spoke-hub distribution

paradigm|hub and spoke flight routing system of most other major airlines, preferring instead the Point-to-point transit|Point to Point system


Highway - Statistics

1 *'Longest national highway (point to point):' The Trans-Canada Highway is long


Radio propagation

1 Radio propagation is also affected by several other factors determined by

its path from point to point


List of Dutch inventions and discoveries - Yachting (1600s)

1 Sailing, also known as yachting, is a sport in which competitors race from

point to point, or around a race course, in sail-powered Marine

vessel|boats


Franks - Early history

1 The Romans knew the shape of Europe, but their knowledge is not evident from the map, which was

only a practical guide to the roads to be followed from point to point


Johnny Carson - Other notes

1 Carson was shown on a 1978 segment of 60 Minutes practicing at home on a drum

set given to him by close friend Buddy Rich, who was the jazz musician with the most appearances on The Tonight Show.

Gore Vidal, another frequent Tonight Show guest and friend, wrote about Carson's

personality in his 2006 memoir.Gore Vidal, Point to Point Navigation: A Memoir,

New York: Doubleday, 2006.


Monopolistic competition - Product differentiation

1 For example, the basic function of motor vehicles is the same—to move

people and objects from point to point in reasonable comfort and

safety


Social peer-to-peer processes - Infrastructure

1 The internet, as a point to point network, was specifically designed

for participation by the edges (computer users) without the use of

obligatory hubs


Wireless local loop - Licensed Point to Multi Point Microwave service

1 A single point to point system could be installed and licensed for 50,000 to 200,000

USD


Opteron - Multi-processor features

1 In a variety of computing benchmarks, the Opteron

architecture has demonstrated better multi-processor scaling than the Intel

Xeon which didn't have a point to point system until QPI and integrated

memory controllers with the Nehalem design


Ethnomethodology - Some leading policies, methods and definitions

1 As such, the original and its misreading do not, ...translate point

to point, but, ...instead, they go together


Wireless broadband - Licensing

1 Licensing is usually expensive and often reserved for large companies

who wish to guarantee private access to spectrum for use in point

to point communication


Horse racing - Ireland

1 Ireland has a rich history of horse racing; Point to point (steeplechase)|point to pointing originated there and

even today, (National Hunt racing|jump racing) is more popular than

racing on the flat


Introduction to general relativity - Einstein's equations

1 The metric function and its rate of change from point to point can be

used to define a geometrical quantity called the Riemann curvature tensor,

which describes exactly how the space (or spacetime) is curved at

each point


Gainestown (microprocessor) - 7300-series Tigerton

1 Intel claims the 7300 series Xeons offer more than twice the

performance per watt as Intel's previous generation 7100 series. The

7300 series' Caneland chipset provides a point to point interface

allowing the full front side bus bandwidth per processor.


Wireless networking - Wireless WAN

1 The wireless connections between access points are usually Point-to-

point (telecommunications)|point to point Microwave transmission|

microwave links using parabolic dishes on the 2.4GHz band, rather

than omnidirectional antennas used with smaller networks


Mercator projection - Properties and historical details

1 The two properties, conformality and straight rhumb lines, make this

projection uniquely suited to marine navigation: courses and bearings are

measured using wind roses or protractors, and the corresponding

directions are easily transferred from point to point, on the map, with the help of a parallel ruler or a pair of navigational protractor triangles.


Riemannian geometry

1 'Riemannian geometry' is the branch of differential geometry that studies Riemannian manifolds, manifold|smooth manifolds with a Riemannian metric, i.e. with an inner product

on the tangent space at each point that varies smooth function|smoothly from point

to point. This gives, in particular, local notions of angle, arc length|length of curves, surface

area, and volume. From those some other global quantities can be derived by integral|

integrating local contributions.


Riemannian geometry - Introduction

1 Riemannian geometry was first put forward in generality by Bernhard

Riemann in the nineteenth century. It deals with a broad range of

geometries whose metric properties vary from point to point, including

the standard types of Non-Euclidean geometry.


S-duality - A symmetry of Maxwell's equations

1 Here \mathbf is a Euclidean vector|vector (or more precisely a vector field whose magnitude and direction may vary from point to point in space) representing the

electric field, \mathbf is a vector representing the magnetic field, t is time,

and c is the speed of light. The other symbols in these equations refer to the divergence and curl (mathematics)|curl, which are concepts from vector calculus.


Curvilinear coordinates - Coordinates, basis, and vectors

1 A basis whose vectors change their direction and/or magnitude from

point to point is called 'local basis'. All bases associated with curvilinear

coordinates are necessarily local. Basis vectors that are the same at all points are 'global bases', and can be associated only with linear or affine

coordinate systems.


Multilinear algebra - Conclusion on the abstract approach

1 In principle the abstract approach can recover everything done via the traditional approach. In practice this may not seem so

simple. On the other hand the notion of natural is consistent with the general

covariance principle of general relativity. The latter deals with tensor fields (tensors

varying from point to point on a manifold), but covariance asserts that the language of

tensors is essential to the proper formulation of general relativity.


Devon - Sport

1 Horse Racing, particularly point to point (steeplechase)|point to point racing and National Hunt Racing is also popular in the county, with two National Hunt racecourses (Exeter and Newton Abbot), and numerous

point to point courses. There are also many successful professional

racehorse trainers based in Devon.


The Divine Comedy - Literary influence in the English-speaking world and beyond

1 Fro point to point; nat o word wol he faille


Gore Vidal - Early life

1 Point to Point Navigation, New York: Doubleday,

2006, p


Gore Vidal - Fiction

1 Point to Point Navigation (New York: Doubleday,

2006), 245


Professional Mobile Radio

1 * Point to multi-point communications (as opposed to cell

phones which are point to point communications)


Professional Mobile Radio - PMR trunking using MPT1327

1 To implement trunked PMR a network of stations is set up. These stations

are linked generally using land lines, although optical fibers and point to

point radio are also used. In this way the different base stations are able to

communicate with each other.


Metric tensor

1 From the Coordinate-free|coordinate-independent point of view, a metric

tensor is defined to be a nondegenerate form|nondegenerate

symmetric bilinear form on each tangent space that varies smooth function|smoothly from point to

point.


Wireless internet service provider - Overview

1 The WISP may also connect to a PoP (Point of Presence) and then

backhaul to their towers, reducing the need to pull a point to point

connection to the tower


Generic Routing Encapsulation - Standards

1 * RFC 2637: Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

(informational)


Air Medal - Criteria

1 Examples of personnel whose combat duties require them to fly include those in the attack elements of units involved in air-land assaults against an armed enemy and those directly

involved in airborne command and control of combat operations. Also to include personnel

performing Dustoff Medevac operations. Awards will not be made to individuals who

use air transportation solely for the purpose of moving from point to point in a combat zone.


Studio/transmitter link

1 Depending on the locations that must be connected, a station may

choose either a Point-to-point (telecommunications)|point to point (PTP) link on another special radio frequency, or a newer all-digital (signal)|digital wired link via a

dedicated T-carrier|T1 or T-carrier|E1 (or larger-capacity) line


Closed-circuit TV





Challenge-handshake authentication protocol - Working cycle

1 CHAP is an authentication scheme used by Point to Point Protocol|Point to Point Protocol

(PPP) servers to validate the identity of remote clients. CHAP periodically verifies the

identity of the client (computing)|client by using a Handshaking|three-way handshake. This happens at the time of establishing the initial Link Control Protocol|link (LCP), and may happen again at any time afterwards. The verification is based on a shared secret

(such as the client user's password).


AX.25 - Specification

1 The AX.25 specification does define a complete, albeit point to point only network layer protocol, but this has seen little use outside of keyboard-

to-keyboard or keyboard-to-BBS connections


List of companies of Canada - P

1 * Purolator Courier (point to point package

delivery)


George Cukor - Early Hollywood career

1 Yet, writer Gore Vidal, in his autobiography Point to Point

Navigation, recounted that Gable demanded that Cukor be fired off

Wind because, according to Cukor, the young Gable had been a male hustler and Cukor had been one of

his johns


Point-to-point transit - Advantages

1 * It has proven advantageous in the Air cargo industry, where freight is carried in the unused baggage hold

space on passenger flights (belly cargo). Traditionally large cargo

aircraft are scheduled to fly between large hubs, meaning that freight

often has be forwarded on by additional flights, or by rail or road. Belly cargo carried point to point can

be delivered closer to its final destination.


Subnetwork connection protection

1 SNCP is a dedicated (1+1) protection mechanism for SDH Computer

network|network spans which may be deployed in ring, point to point or

mesh topologies.


Point-to-point construction

1 Note that if components are arranged on boards with tags or

turrets at both ends and wires going to the next components, then the

construction is tag or turret construction respectively, as the

components are not going from point to point.


Rain fade

1 Rain fade is not limited to satellite uplinks or downlinks, it also can affect terrestrial point to point

microwave links (those on the earth's surface)


Rain fade - Parallel fail-over links

1 Using this arrangement, high frequency point to point links

(23GHz+) may be installed to service locations many kilometers farther than could be served with a single link requiring 99.99% uptime over

the course of one year


Orthomode transducer - Terrestrial Microwave

1 This arrangement is used to increase the aggregate data throughput

between two dishes on a point to point microwave path, or for fault-

tolerance redundancy


Free expansion

1 During free expansion, no work is done by the gas. The gas goes through states of no thermodynamic equilibrium before reaching its final state, which implies that one cannot

define state function|thermodynamic parameters as values of the gas as a whole. For example, the pressure changes locally

from point to point, and the volume occupied by the gas (which is formed of particles) is not a well defined quantity.


Grid operator - Subtransmission

1 Like transmission, subtransmission moves relatively large amounts of

power, and like distribution, subtransmission covers an area

instead of just point to point.Donald G


Wargaming - Board versions

1 * 'Storm Over Arnhem' (Avalon Hill, 1981) - pioneered the use of point to point or area movement in tactical

wargames.


Password Authentication Protocol

1 PAP is used by Point to Point Protocol to validate users before allowing them access to server resources.

Almost all network operating system remote servers support PAP.


H.323 Gatekeeper

1 H.323 endpoints are not required to register with a gatekeeper to be able to place point to point calls, but they are essential for any serious H.323

network to control call prefix routing and link capacities among other

functions.


Line bundle

1 In mathematics, a 'line bundle' expresses the concept of a line that varies from point to point of a space.

For example a curve in the plane having a tangent line at each point

determines a varying line: the tangent bundle is a way of organising

these. More formally, in algebraic topology and differential topology a

line bundle is defined as a vector bundle of rank 1.Hartshorne (1975),


Potomac River - Geography

1 Exceptions include a small tidal portion within the District of

Columbia, and the border with Virginia being delineated from point

to point (thus various bays and shoreline indentations lie in Virginia)


Ultra-Fast Broadband - Technology

1 The Ultra-Fast Broadband project plans to provide speeds of at least 100Mbit down and 50Mbit up. The technology used will be GPON for residential and point to point for

large businesses. Dark fibre would also be available for special use.


Metric tensor (general relativity) - Definition

1 Explicitly, the metric is a symmetric bilinear form on each tangent space

of M which varies in a smooth (or differentiable) manner from point to point. Given two tangent vectors u and v at a point x in M, the metric

can be evaluated on u and v to give a real number:


AirLand Battle - Patterns of Conflict

1 There was no necessity to retain any sort of front line, and the attacks deliberately moved from point to

point in order to avoid being bogged down or getting trapped


AMPRNet - History and design

1 The AMPRNet is composed of a series of Subnetwork|subnets throughout the world. Portions of the network have point to point radio links to adjacent nodes, while others are

completely isolated.


Point to point (steeplechase) - History

1 In recent years, pony racing has been staged at British meetings in an

attempt to encourage more young riders into point to pointing and

national hunt racing.


Point to point (steeplechase) - History

1 The majority of the races are for riders on purebred New Forest pony|New Forest ponies, but some races are open to horses and ponies of

other breeds.[http://www.nfed.co.uk/schedules/Pointtopointschedule2010.pdf New Forest Point to Point Schedule]


Point to point (steeplechase) - Description, Regulations and UK Courses

1 A three mile race is almost invariably two circuits of a typical point to point course although there are one or two exceptions

(e.g. Larkhill in Wiltshire). Every course must have a minimum number of 18 fences and at

least two fences must have ditches. This however can be reduced if certain fences are

unfit or unsafe to be jumped (e.g. due to ground conditions or a fallen horse being in the way). The fences are made of birch and

are approx 4 foot 6 inches high.


Siren (codec) - Software support

1 With the default Office Communicator client, point to point audio is by default performed using

Microsoft's proprietary codec RTAudio


Thom Hartmann - Political views

1 Gore Vidal, in his autobiography Point To Point Navigation, devotes much of the final two chapters of his book to

praising Hartmann's and Lamar Waldron's scholarship in solving the

JFK case


Orientation (mathematics) - Multilinear algebra

1 However, one would like to know whether it is possible to choose the

orientations so that they vary smoothly from point to point


Packet over SONET/SDH

1 PPP is the Point to Point Protocol that was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-to-point

links


Durban - Taxis

1 These taxis can also be called upon for airport transfers, point to point pick ups and shuttles.


Field telephone

1 Field phones could operate point to point or via a Telephone switchboard|

switchboard at a command post.[http://www.easy39th.com/files/FM_1

1-22_Signal_Operations_in_the_Corps_and_Army_1945.pdf Signal Operations

in the Corps and Army], FM 11-22, U.S


ITU V.70 - How it works

1 DSVD allows users of two DSVD capable modems to simultaneously

engage in a point-to-point voice conversation and data transmission.

DSVD does not appear to allow dialup internet users or users of point to point modem connections (such as

to the office or a Bulletin Board System) to make or receive arbitrary

voice calls while online.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-point-to-point-toolkit.html

Northwest Passage - Later expeditions

1 Checking Bear Grylls route map located

onlinehttp://fcpnorthwestpassage.com/ it appears the route was not an

official Northwest Passage but rather a point to point navigation between

Pond Inlet and Tuktoyaktuk.


Cache coherency - Coherency mechanisms

1 Directories, on the other hand, tend to have longer latencies (with a 3 hop request/forward/respond) but

use much less bandwidth since messages are point to point and not

broadcast


Spread Toolkit

1 'The Spread Toolkit' is a computer software package that provides a high performance

group communication system that is resilient to faults across local area network|local and wide area networks. Spread functions as a unified message bus for distributed applications, and

provides highly tuned application-level multicast, group communication, and point to

point support. Spread services range from reliable messaging to fully ordered messages

with delivery guarantees.


Message passing in computer clusters - Analytical approaches

1 A well knowm model is Hockney's model which simply relies on point to point communication, using T = L + (M / R) where M is the message size, L is the startup latency and R is the

asymptotic bandwidth in MB/s.Modeling Message Passing

Overhead by C.Y Chou et al


Grand National - Jockeys

1 In the past, such amateur riders would have been joined by army officers, such as David Campbell

(British Army officer)|David Campbell who won in 1896, and sporting

aristocrats, farmers or local huntsmen and point to point riders, who usually opted to ride their own

mounts


Southwest Airlines Flight 345 - Destinations

1 Southwest does not use the Spoke-hub distribution paradigm|hub and

spoke system of other major airlines, preferring the Point-to-point transit|

Point to Point system


Frontier Flying Service - History

1 During the spring of 2008 Frontier Flying Service began the process of merging with Hageland Aviation Services, the companies continue to

operate separate certificates with Frontier Flying Service providing service between major hubs and focus communities with the Beech 1900C

aircraft while Hagleand Air Service provides point to point service out of the hubs and focus

communities to smaller villages, both companies do business under the name Frontier Alaska and have begun merging resources and operations at

all their shared airports


Trail orienteering

1 Trail-O involves navigation skills but unlike most other forms of orienteering, it involves no

Orienteering|point to point racing and little or no Route choice (orienteering)|route choice


Freedompay - History

1 In 2014, FreedomPay earned PCI Validation for its Point to Point Encryption solution (P2PE).

FreedomPay was the first fully functional platform solution in North America to achieve PCI Validation, including support for NFC and EMV

payments.


Freedompay - P2PE Security

1 [https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/approved_companies_providers/

validated_p2pe_solutions.php Point to Point Encryption] protects customers’ private data and ensures merchants' compliance with PCI

regulations through a hosted solution.[http://www.paymentssource.com/news/point-to-point-encryption-emv-partner-in-crime-fighting-3017476-1.html] FreedomPay has a long history in secure electronic payments


Venice (video game) - Gameplay

1 A fired treasure can be diverted by obstacles that include bumpers (stone walls or ledges off

of which treasures will bounce), locks and blocks (barriers that require a specific treasure

to unlock), bricks (obstacles that crumble when hit), chutes (cylinders that redirect any

treasure fired into them), shelves (special plates that hold a number of treasures),

teleports (swirly objects that warp treasures from point to point) and baskets (baskets that

catch treasures and then drop them)


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