YUNASKO Ultracapacitors Hurdle the Barriers

Yurii Maletin, Chief Scientist “Power our Future 2017”, July 2-5, 2017, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

▶  Introduction

▶  High power ultracapacitors

▶  High temperature ultracapacitors

▶  Li-ion capacitors

▶  Additional info and concluding remarks

COMPANY BACKGROUND AND DOMAIN

COMPANY MANUFACTURING PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

▶  Founded in 2010, in energy storage projects since 1989

▶  51 employees, 17 of them in R&D and Design Bureau (7 PhD level)

▶  Ukraine: R&D, Design Bureau and Pilot Plant

▶  London: financial and IP harbour

▶  Pilot plant in the West of Ukraine

▶  Ready to build large scale manufacture with the capacity over 4 million large cells / year

▶  Ultra high power heavy duty ultracapacitor cells from 200F to 3,000F. 3-5 times more power than competitors.

▶  16V, 48V or 90V stacks and module building blocks

▶  Lithium capacitors with high energy (up to 40 Wh/kg) and power (up to 5 kW/kg)

▶  High temperature ultracapacitors with -25oC…+110oC operating temperature range

▶  Carbon / carbon ultracapacitors and lithium–ion capacitors with organic electrolytes and proprietary design

▶  Proprietary dry electrode manufacture technology

▶  Power fusion treatment of current collector foil

▶  8 patents granted and 8 patent applications filled

▶  Commercially available, low cost components only

BATTERY VS ULTRACAPACITOR

Ultracapacitors are all about power, unlimited cycling, safety and predictable life. This is super reliable short term energy storage. Ultracapacitors are at least 10 times less expensive than batteries for frequent cycling applications.

PARAMETER BATTERY ULTRACAPACITOR

Energy Density 100Wh/kg 10Wh/kg

Power Density 1kW/kg 10kW/kg

Efficiency ~80% >90%

Cyclability 400 – 2500 1,000,000

Calendar life Short (4..6 years) Long (15+ years)

Low Temperature -20°C -40°C

High Temperature +60°C +85°C…+100°C

Death Sudden Predictable

Principle Electrochemical Electrostatic

Cost 0.07 - 0.2 $/kWh/cycle $0.006 $/kWh/ cycle

MARKET NICHES ▶  Hybrid cars or buses, light trains

▶  Start / stop or regen braking systems for cars

▶  Sea port cranes, earth moving machines, fork-lifts

▶  Wind and solar power

▶  Cold cranking in heavy duty trucks, locomotives, tanks, etc.

▶  Emergency backup

▶  Consumer and power electronics

▶  Smart meters

HIGH POWER ULTRACAPACITORS

UC with nano-structured carbon electrodes

AC AC

First patented in 1957 and 1966; first commercialized by NEC Tokin and Panasonic in the end of 1970th. About 80 vendors and developers throughout the world (according to Shmuel De-Leon analysis) Yunasko UC’s: superior power output and efficiency due to extremely low internal resistance (ESR) Verified by Dr. A.F. Burke (ITS, UC Davis), Dr. J.R. Miller (JME, Cleaveland), Dr. D. Corrigan (Wayne State Univ., Detroit), and by European car producers

TYPES OF CAPACITOR SYSTEMS

▶  Low ESR results in high power density: P ~ 1/R (hence, reducing UC mass lower cost)

▶  Low ESR results in small voltage drop: ΔU ~ R

(since P and E ~ U2, less number of UC cells can provide the power

and energy needed lower cost) ▶  Low ESR results in low heat generation: Q ~ R

(hence, no active cooling is needed safety and low cost)

WHY LOW ESR IS OUR MANTRA

(1200F cells: test results of Dr. D.Corrigan, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, 2014)

Practically no voltage drop or energy decrease up to the very high load

Yunasko cell Best on the market

Significant voltage drop and energy decrease if the load increases

CONSTANT POWER DISCHARGE

Yunasko cell:

- 2 times more energy under high load;

- high power density that can not be reached by other UC’s

1 – Yunasko cell; 2 – best on the market

ENERGY RETENTION DUE TO LOW ESR (1200F cells: test results of Dr. D.Corrigan, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, 2014)

INDEPENDENT TEST RESULTS (Peugeot Citroën test results)

YUNASKO

A-C are referred to the best competitors also tested at PSA (names not disclosed)

YUNASKO cells demonstrated the best performance

Company Mass,

kg

Capacitance,

F

Voltage,

V

ESR,

mΩ

Eff.% @ CP 10 s discharge

Eff. % @ CP 5 s

discharge

Maxwell Tech. 0.26 1200 2.7 0.50 95.6 92.0

Ioxus 0.29 1200 2.7 0.40 96.7 93.9

Yunasko 0.25 1200 2.7 0.09 99.2 98.3

Yunasko 2.5 200 16 1.07 98.5 97.2

Due to very low resistance Yunasko UCs generate 3… 5 times less heat than the best analogs available on the market

INDEPENDENT TEST RESULTS (as tested by Dr. Dennis Corrigan, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, 2014)

YUNASKO TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE

Low internal resistance resulting in:

3-5 times higher power than anyone else on the market à lower weight and cost of the system

2 times more available energy à deliver more energy within time interval up to 5 s and/or high current/power rate

3 times lower heat generation à no active cooling required, improved safety

POWER TRANSLATES INTO MONEY

ULTRA HIGH POWER MODULES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Rated values: 16V, 200F Internal resistance (ESR): 0.5 mOhm Maximum power: over 80 kW Maximum current for 1s discharge: 1230 A Mass: 3.1 kg

HIGH TEMPERATURE ULTRACAPACITORS

NEW MARKET SEGMENTS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE UC

▶  Automotive: location near the engine

▶  Well drilling equipment

▶  Power electronics: near circuit board hot spots

▶  Hot climate regions: India, Middle East, Africa

CURRENT TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES

OPERATING TEMPERATURES CLOSE TO 100 OC:

Performance à dramatically goes down

Lifetime à significantly shortens

Safety à gas generation may cause an overpressure and explosion

There are no good solutions available on the market at the moment

YUNASKO SOLUTION UC operating between -25oC and 110oC with stable performance – see changes in ESR and capacitance for 480 F cell (88 grams) if cycled by 40 A current

RESULTS: ▶  good behavior in the range between -25oC and

110°C with RC-constant 0.3… 0.8 s at +25°C ▶  maximum operating voltage – up to 3.0 V at 25°C ▶  cycle and endurance tests at 100°C demonstrate

good capacitance and resistance retention

JME & YUNASKO TEST RESULTS The capacitance drop and resistance increase with time at 100oC and selected voltages:

Lifetime limits widely used in the industry (30% loss of capacitance and doubling the resistance after 1500… 2000 hrs test) roughly correspond to 106 charge-discharge cycles and ensures the high reliability of solution/technology.

CONCLUSIONS:

YUNASKO cells have passed the test successfully

Rated voltage at 100oC will be about 2.4… 2.5V

FEATURES OF YUNASKO HIGH-TEMPERATURE UC ▶  Operating temperature: -25oC…+110oC

▶  Rated voltage: 2.4… 2.5 V; maximum operating voltage: 3 V at 25oC

▶  Performance at 25oC is close to commercially available UC cells based on ACN or PC electrolytes:

▶  High temperature electrolyte flash point of >70oC (cf. ACN flash point is 2oC)

▶  Commercially available non-exotic components. Low cost electrolyte (not ionic liquids)

▶  Low toxicity

Category/Producer YUNASKO, UK – Ukraine

High-temperature system

Maxwell Technology, USA

Current market leader, ACN based electrolyte

Nippon Chemi-Con, Japan

Supplier to automotive (Mazda, Honda), PC based electrolyte

Cell type Power type, 200F Energy type, 500F Energy type, 650F Power type, 400F Energy type, 350F

Specific energy, Wh/kg 3.4 5.6 4.1 3.3 4.4

Specific Power, kW/kg 25.3 13.5 6.8 6.2 2.7 Note: competitors performance data were taken from the data sheets and web sites

LITHIUM ION CAPACITOR or

CARBON ENHANCED BATTERY

Battery

Ultracapacitor

Battery

Ultracapacitor

Energy

Power Cycle life Temperature range Efficiency Safety

BATTERY vs ULTRACAPACITOR

How to bridge the “energy vs power” gap between UC and battery? Such a solution is needed for applications with substantial energy and fast charge/high power required: EV, light trains, power tools, drones, etc.

Oxide + AC Oxide + AC Symmetric hybrid:

(internal parallel LIC or AC enhanced LIB)

UC general drawback: low energy density – ca. 4-7 W.h/kg (cf. ~30 W.h/kg for Pb-acid battery) YUNASKO approach: both positive and negative electrodes comprise Li-ion and AC components with thoroughly matched potential ranges ( //LIC or enhanced LIB, patent pending) General result: energy density has reached 30-40 W.h/kg (verified by Dr. A.F. Burke, ITS, USA and by VW, Germany)

TYPES OF CAPACITOR SYSTEMS

YUNASKO ENHANCED LIB: SIMPLE MODEL Nanoporous carbon particles loosen oxide particles spatially while connecting them electrically. This results in:

•  oxide particles become more accessible to electrolyte, and nanoporous carbon provides a reservoir of electrolyte;

•  fast discharge of nanoporous carbon particles is then accompanied and supported by discharging the intercalated oxide particles.

General result: large energy density along with low inner resistance and high power density.

YUNASKO ENHANCED LIB: plateau on charge/discharge curves

0 400 800 12001,2

1,6

2,0

2,4

2,8 20 A 50 A 100 A 200 A 300 A

Volta

ge, V

Capacity, mAh

Enhanced LIB:

75 g; 1.2 A.h

20 A ≅ 16 C 300 A ≅ 250 C

HIGH SAFETY OF YUNASKO LIC / LIB

NO fire or thermal runaway

Nail penetration test

HIGH POWER Li-ion ULTRACAPACITOR YUNASKO //LIC Power, kW/kg 1…3 10…50 3…5

Energy, Wh/kg 60…100 5 35…40

Charge / discharge time 15…90 minutes

20…30 seconds

2…3 minutes

Cycle life <10,000 >1,000,000 >10,000

Temperature window -20 0C…+60 0C -40 0C…+85 0C -40 0C…+65 0C

HYBRIDIZATION RESULTS

=

the most effective

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

We can charge energy of lead-acid battery within 2-3 minutes and discharge with up to 150C rate and efficiency >80%

Yunasko “parallel hybrid” Li-ion capacitor ( //LIC or enhanced LIB) with up to 40 Wh/kg energy density can be the best solution for high power applications within the time range between 20… 200 seconds

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

YUNASKO EXPERIENCE

Cells and 16V 200F modules

48V 165F module

Yunasko had a number of projects with companies from EU and US including: VW group, PSA group, Renault, BFFT - Audi, MTS Systems – Ferrari, SAFRAN, US Air Force and others

NOTE: Yunasko can design other module types based on performance required and space available

MODULE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

Module designed for a car producer

90V 13F module 16V 500F module 112V 28F module

THE TEAM

Dr. Natalia Stryzhakova, Laboratory Head. Natalia has over 25 year experience of research in the field of ultracapacitors. She published 60+ scientific papers in referred journals and was a co-inventor of over 15 patents.

Dr. Yurii Maletin, Chief Scientist: over 25 year experience of research in the field of ultracapacitors, 30+ patents, 80+ papers. Yurii is responsible for IP and R&D activities.

Dr. Dmitriy Tretyakov, Senior Researcher. Dmitriy has 14 year experience of research in the energy storage area. He is a co-author of 40+ scientific papers.

Vitaliy Shuster, Pilot Factory Manager. Holds Master Degree in Electronic Engineering from Lviv Polytechnic Institute. He has 35+ year experience in development and production of capacitors.

Dr. Sergii Tychina, Project manager. Got Master degree in Biotechnology from the National Technical University of Ukraine, and PhD in Physical Chemistry from the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Vadim Utkin, CEO. Master degree of engineering from the National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’. Executive MBA graduated.

Thank you for your attention

and visit us at:

www.yunasko.com