POETICS (1)
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Transcript of POETICS (1)
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Aristotle's Poetics
April Joyce Natad
Inah Claire Perez
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ARISTOTLE
Aristotle was born in Stagirain north Greece, the son of
Nichomachus, the court
physician to the Macedonian
royal family
He was trained first inmedicine, and then in 367 he
was sent to Athens to study
philosophy with Plato.
He founded the famousPerpatetic School and
lectured on subjects covering
widely diverse fields,
including physics, zoology,
politics, ethics, metaphysics,
logic, rhetoric, and poetry.
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POETICS
The poetics is a short treatise of
twenty-six chapters. It is a
systematic exposition of the
theory and practice of poetry.
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CHAPTERS I TO 3
Mimesis
MediaObjects
Manner
Rhythm,
Language, and
Harmony
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CHAPTERS I TO 3
Mimesis
MediaObjects
Manner
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CHAPTERS I TO 3
Mimesis
MediaObjects
Manner Narrative orDrama
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CHAPTER 4
Origin of PoetryThe History of Tragedy and Comedy
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CHAPTER 5
Comedy
Epic
Tragedy
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TRAGEDY
A representation of a serious, complete action whichhas magnitude, in embellished speech, with each ofits elements [used] separately in the [various] parts[of the play]; [represented] by people acting and notby narration; accomplishing by means of pity andterror the catharsis of such emotions
EMBELLISHED SPEECH has rhythm and melodyCATHARSIS to cleanse or to purify
CHAPTER 6
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COMPONENTS OF A TRAGEDY
medium object mode
diction plot spectacle
song character
thought
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CHAPTERS 7-8
8/11/2014
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CHAPTER 9
The function of a poet to relate not things that
have happened, but things that may happen
Poetry is a more philosophical and more
serious thing than history
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CHAPTER 10
Simple Plot
Complex Plot
represents a change of fortune which does not
come about through a reversal of the situation
and does not involve recognition on the part ofthe hero.
the change of fortune emerges of necessityfrom the events preceding it. It is brought
about through a reversal of the situation or
recognition, or both.
The king died and then the queen died
The king died, and then the queen died of grief
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CHAPTER 11
Reversal
Recognition
Suffering
A change of the action to their opposite in
accordance with probability or necessity
A change from ignorance to knowledge, and so
to either friendship or enmity, among people
defined in relation to good fortune or misfortune
A destructive or painful action
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CHAPTER 12
I. Prologue
II. Episode
III. ExitIV. Choral
A. Processional
B. Stationary
PARTS OF TRAGEDY
Before the processional
[song] of the chorusBetween whole choral
songsAfter which there is nosong of the chorus
First whole
utterance of thechorusA song of thechorus without
anapaestic trochaic
verse
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CHAPTER 13
BAD
Decent menundergoing a change
from good fortune to
misfortune
GOOD
A change from goodfortune to misfortune,
not because of
wickedness but
because of a great
error
CONSTRUCTING PLOTS
Wicked men [passing]from misfortune to
good fortune
A thoroughly villainousperson falling from
good fortune to
misfortune
It should represent terrifying and pitiable
events
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CHAPTER 15
Characters should be
Good
Appropriate
Life-like
Consistent
Since tragedy is a representation
of people who are better than we
are. [The poet] should emulate the
good portrait-painters. In
rendering peoples particularshape, while making them [life-]
like, they paint them as finer [than
they are]. So too the poet, as he
represents people who are angry,lazy, or have other such traits,
should make them such in their
characters, *but+ decent *too+.
CHARACTERS
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CHAPTER 16
I. Signs
A. Congenital
B. Acquired
i. Body
ii. External
II. Made up by the poet
III. Memory
IV. Resulting from an inference
V. Results from the incidents
RECOGNITION
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CHAPTER 17
The poet should put the events before his eyes
as much as he can.
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CHAPTER 18
Four Kinds of tragedy
Complex tragedy
The tragedy of suffering
The tragedy of character
Spectacle
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Chapter 19
Diction
I. demonstration and refutation
II. production of emotions
III. the suggestion of importance
(the expression of thought
through speech)
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Chapter 20
element
syllable
particle
conjunction
name
verb
inflection
utterance
a. Vowel
b. Semi-vowelc. Consonant
An indivisible sound
Parts of Diction
A non-significant sound
composed of a consonantand [an element] which has
a sound
A non-significant sound whichneither preludes, nor brings
about, the production of a
single significant sound thatby nature is composed of
several sounds OR a non-
significant sound which by
nature produces, as a result of
[joining together] several
sounds that are significant, a
single significant sound.
A non-significant sound which
makes clear the beginning of
an utterance, its end, or its
dividing-point, and which by
nature is placed both at the
extremities and in the middle
[of an utterance]
A composite significant sound
without [an indication of]
time, no part of which is
significant in itself
A composite significant sound
with [an indication of] time,
no part of which is significant
in itself
According to the [part] that
signifies of him, for him
OR that according to the [part]
that signifies one or many
OR that according to the
delivery
A composite significant sound,
some parts of which signify
something in themselves
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Chapter 21
kinds of name
single (e.g. "earth )
double ( standard, exotic, metaphor,ornament, made-up, lengthened, reduced,
altered )
STANDARDa name which particular
people uses
EXOTICa name which other peopleuses
METAPHORan application of the name belonging tosomething else, either (a) from the genus to the species,
or (b) from the species to the genus, or (c) from a
species to [another] species, or (d) according to analogy
MADE-UPwholly unused by people,
but which the poet supplies himself
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Chapter 22
Style
-Successful style must be clear but notcommonplace, Aristotle argues. He stresses
balance: style must use elements of metaphorand the occasional unusual word, or it willnever achieve the effects the poet desires.Too much metaphorical or unfamiliarlanguage, however, will only serve to confusethe audience
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Chapter 23
The Epic
-Aristotle turns to the subject of the epic. Heviews the epic in terms of the tragedy, stating
that the epic should be constructed with aneye to the drama (we assume he means suchfactors as pacing and dialogue should be givencareful attention) and that, like the tragedy, itshould concern a single, unified action
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Chapter 24
The Components of the Epic
-Epic poetry should also include the same
types as tragedy: the simple, the complex, the
poem of character, and the poem of passion.
Likewise, it should have the same basic
elements as tragedy
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Chapter 25
Criticisms
impossibility
irrationality
moral harmfulness
contradiction
failure to conform to artistic rules.
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Chapter 26
Which is better,tragedy or epic?"
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OBJECTIVES
1. To give advice on writing tragedy to contemporary
poets.
2. To answer the objections of dramatic poetry
expressed by his teacher Plato in the Republic
3. To explain why effective poetry has stayed with
audiences for so long.
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/hist
ory/aristotle.html
http://www.gradesaver.com/aristo
tles-poetics/study-guide/major-themes/