Pocket Guide to New Zealand

8/3/2019 Pocket Guide to New Zealand

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For use of Military Personnel only. Not tob~ republished. in whol~ or in part, without

the consent 01 the War Department.

SPECIAL 5ERVICE DIVISION, ARM\' SERVICE fORCES

UNITED STATES ARMY

A SHORT GUIDE TO

N E W Z E A L A N

I.. '-I RS .u th ern M e th od jst Unlv6r'nP AlL As, T EX As

WASHINGTON, D. C.


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"I don'r give a damn if NZ is 'down under'_you menquit doing that!"

P O C K E T G U I D E T O N E W Z E A L A

CONTENTS

Deep in the Heart of the South Seas.Way Back When.Meet the PeopleThe Country .What Is a Dominion? .How New Zealand Makes Its Living.New Zealand's Monuments.Food and Drink-and Teal.The Sporting Life .New Zealand and the War.How They Talk.Glossary of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . .5languageGlossary of Slang .Weights and Measures .Conclusion.


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W E L C O M EHaeremai , haerema i!

E Te Hokowhiyu-a Tu!Haria rnai re whakaaroPaparahi kia mate reHoariri mo a ke tonu aru!

"WelcQ1no, welcome, fighting, mmof the warrior god Ttl!

With minds as on~ let tiS defeatfh, etlW) forover.'

YOU are going to New Zealand. You are goingbecause it is one of the main bases of the United Nin the Pacific and one of our principal stepping stothe road to Tokyo.Since you will be a guest of the New Zealand p

seems a good idea for you to know a little aboutAlways remember that it is to our enemies' advantsow seeds of discord between us and our allies, anto 0111" advant:lgc to undersmnd them and to makeour friends.

You :HC going to meet people who, in many wamuch like ourselves. For although New Zealandthe other side of the world from us, its people arcmidway between the British and ourselves in mannculture. Only the lasr generation of New Zealandersgiven up referring to Britain as "horne." On thehand, being pioneers, they have developed along musame lines as Americans. They have been seein

DEEP I N THE HEART or THE SOUTH SE


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movies, listening to our radio, and reading our maga-zines-and their chief visitors have been Americans. So,you will meet a people with some of the British reserve,with many British methods and institutions, but withAmerican outspokenness and directness-plus a workingknowledge of American slang.W h a t Y o u W i l l F i n d . To begin with, you'll find a warmwelcome awaiting you. The New Zealanders are a hos-pitable people who enjoy having visitors in their countryand guests in their homes. They like Americans and haveenjoyed meeting the U. S. troops that have preceded you.They appreciate the help that we have been able to sendthem but whatever you do, don't get the idea that you aregoing there to protect a helpless people. The New Zealand-ers are doing their full share in this war and have been inthere pitching since 1939. They are already fully mobilized.They have drafted married men, for instance, up to age 40,regardless of the number of children they have. They havea tough, if small, army defending their own shores andhave sent their own expeditionary forces overseas.You are going to see one of the most beautiful countries

in the world. Before the war, a favorite topic with worldtravelers was "What country would you like to live inwhen you retire?" New Zealand was always around thetop of the list.

Into its two big islands is packed a little bit ofevery country in the world. In the Nonh Island yfind some of the foliage and white beaches of Hparts that are like the heavy subtropical jungle oGuinea; a snow-capped mountain, Mount Egmonrrivals Fujiyama; geysers as good as anything in Ystone; lakes and fishing streams like those of MainCanada. When you cross Cook Strait to the Southyou will find the mountain peaks and skiing of Sland; the green lawns and hedges of England;dusty region in Central Otago as dryas the desLibya or Arizona; and away to the South, fiords atiful as those in Norway.W h a t Y I J U W l J n ' t F in d . You will not find somethings you have been accustomed to at home. Fstance, you will not find central hearing in privateThere are few hotels of the luxury class and fewclubs. You will run quickly into what the New Zealthemselves cal! the "Blue Laws" which close bars,halls, movies, and theaters on Sunday, except formovies which are allowed open for members of theForces. These you can visit in uniform and you catwo civilians with you (that is to enable you to tamother along as well). These strict Sunday rulespartly because New Zealand, like America, grew u


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a strict religious background and partly because modernlabor laws try to give as many workers as possible a freeweek end. Even sports are apt to be prohibited on Sun-days and train and bus services are reduced.

Frankly, organized entertainment is preny scarce inNew Zealand. But there are plenty of compensations.It is a country where an immense amount of fun can b ehad by anyone who is capable of making his own.You may miss a few other things too. Hot cakes, dough-

nuts, and waffles are seldom available. No hot dogs orhamburgers. And, except in camp, you won't get thekind of coffee you're used to. So what? People comefrom an over the world to enjoy the good things thatNew Zealand possesses and not to compare it with theirhorne towns.

Bear in mind, too, that the New Zealanders have beenat war for more than 2 years longer than ourselves andhave used up most of the goods they had in stock on theirshelves. Added to this, they live on islands far awayfrom the great industrial centers of the world and are todayimporting arms and munitions rather than consumers'goods. As a consequence, they have less money, less fancygoods, less to drink, less to wear, less gasoline (they call itpetrol), less of the things which both we and they areused to having in peacetime.

WAY .ACK WHEN

THE first people to discover New Zealand sailed ovpart of the same ocean routes that American troopshfollow in this Second World War. They were Maoand sailed to New Zealand from Raiatea, near Tahiti,open canoes made from hollowed-out logs, about 150 ybefore Columbus discovered America.

In 1642 Abel [anszoon Tasman, a Dutchman ofsame stock as the pioneers who founded New York, mlandfall on the west coast of New Zealand. Hesearching for the great southern continent which, in thdays, geographers believed stretched from Australia


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within a few hundred miles of the coast of South America.Tasman gave the country its name, after the Dutch prov-ince of Zeeland.Americans were among the first whites to visit New

Zealand. Whalers from New Bedford and Nantucketused to set up their whaling stations on the New Zealandcoast. But in [840 the British began organized settle-ment and sent out a Governor, Captain Hobson, whosigned the Treaty of Waitangi with the Maoris.

Settlers poured in steadily after that, some coming inorganized parties from England, Scotland, and Irelandand others rushing to gold fields which were discovered inthe middle of the last century. There were severallengthywars with the Maoris, but there has been complete peacewith them since 1870, and now the Maoris are citizens onan equal status with anyone else.

One invention which played an enormous part in thedevelopment of New Zealand was refrigeration. Thisallowed New Zealand to supply Britain and other distantcountries with butter, cheese, and meat which she couldproduce easily from her rich farm lands. Since the end ofthe last century New Zealand has become, to a large ex-tent, Britain's dairy farm.

MEET THE PEOPLEIN appearance, the ordinary New Zealander is usuaman of one of two types; either a fairly big man just u6 feet with big, distinctive features, or a short, neatly-fellow with small features. But they both are likely tothe same quizzical, somewhat skeptical, humorouspreach to life. They work hard and play hard. Manthem are farmers, for theirs is primarily a farming cou

They tend to be more reserved than ourselves. Butis mainly a difference in the way they express themseActua!ly they're a pioneering crowd, extremely democand without class distinctions. Nobody is very poornobody is very rich. Only about I percent have taxablcomes of $10,000 and over.

When you go into their homes you will find that anobody keeps a maid, or if there is a maid, she isoften treated as one of the family. And when youthese families you will find it quite easy to make yoat home. If you offer to help your hostess with the dshe won't mind at all. She is used to that. The Newland male is singularly helpful as well as self-reliant.can do almost anything from cooking a meal to buildihouse, or from darning his socks to felling a tree or bing in a horse. The New Zealanders like "handy"

There are no striking differences between the U


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States and New Zealand in ordinary social life, and youshould find it easy to get along. The New Zealand accentmay seem strange to you so don't be surprised if they alsosmile at your accent and language. They will probably callyou Yanks or Yankees, whether you come from the Northor from the South, and will say you have a Yankee accenteven if you speak with a South Carolina drawl. Womenwill be pleased, but will think it a little strange, when yousay "yes ma'am" [0 them, though men will not think itstrange to hear "yes sir."

Speaking of women, it is taken for granted that ~ouwill be discreet in your dealings with New Zealand glIh.

PER M AN EN T M AK E-U P!Wt\AT MAD E THE OL O-TIMEMORI LOOK SO STRA~GETO THE W+1ITE M AN WASTHE TATTOOIN G.N O WAR RIORWASCON S IOER ED A M ANU N LES S TATTOOEO ON THEFACE. AN ELABORATEBODY JOB SOM ETIM ESTOOK VEAR S TO CO,",PLETE

Many of them are engaged or married to men whfighting overseas. Do not take advantage of theirness. Remember that New Zealand is a small countrya small population. Any sort of scandal travelsquickly. Regard yourself not only as an ambassadorUncle Sam, but as a soldier and a gentleman.

Your recently increased pay will go a long way inZealand where prices are comparatively low and wherrate of exchange is in your favor. So you may find yowith more spending money than most New Zealandwhether soldiers or civilians. Don't toss it around. Itmake you popular and can very easily make forfeelings.T h e MaorIs. The New Zealand natives arc: calledMaoris, pronounced "mow" to rhyme with "cow""rie." The correct plural is Maori but you will findpeople putting an s on the end. These New Zealand nare first cousins of the Hawaiians and are a proud, tfighting race who have won a status of complete equwith the white people in New Zealand, so never thinthem or refer to them as natives or regard them as hany inferior status.

They sailed across thousands of miles of the Pacifopen canoes, without the compass or any navigating


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scruments. They waged long war s with the first settlers,often in a spirit of almost medieval chivalry. In one battlelast century a Maori tribe had a British Regiment sur-rounded. They found that the British were running shortof ammunition and food, so the Maori Chief sent in amessenger and said that they didn't like to fight on inferiorterms and, therefore, they would send in some powder andshot and food. This they did. and then they got down tofighting again.

The present Maoris go to schools and universities, havea Cabinet Minister of their own race, and four Maorimembers in the House of Representatives. Their MaoriBattalion has been the most famous unit of all the NewZealand trOOpS in the present war. You win find that thereis no color bar and that Maoris eat in the same restaurants,travel in the same trains.

You will find them dignified and musical. They singsongs of the Hawaiian type and have many beautifuldances. To see them dance you win have to go to a Maoriconcert or one of the Maori areas like Rororua, becausethere arc no Maori night clubs or :lnything of that type.In parts of the country you will see the great fortificationswith trenches and revetments and palisades which theybuilt during their wars. It is also worth while to watch aMaori haka or war dance. This has become a New Zea-1 0

land institution. School football teams line up oppositeanother and do a haka before the game starts, and youfind the New Zealander, white as well as Maori, abreak into his school or college haka once a danceparty really gets going. You will find lots of Maori win common usc, such as "whare," pronounced "wameaning hut; kai . pronounced "ky," meaning food;kia ora (key ora), meaning good luck.

THE COUNTRY

AS you will see from the illustration above, New Zeais a small country in comparison with the United SThe area of the three islands (North Island, South Isand tiny Stewart Island) total 103,043 square miles.


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about equals the size of New York State and Illinois puttogether. The population (1,641,000) would just about gointo Detroit or the Borough of Manhattan.There are no very large cities. The largest, Auckland

(pronounced "awkland"}, in the north, has 220,000 people.Other cities that you will hear a lot about are Wellington,Christchurch, and Dunedin. (You can see where they areby looking at the map in the center of this book.)

The mountains rise highest in the South Island, theSouthern Alps, the top peak being Mount Cook (n,349feet). There are many extinct volcanoes in the Northlsland, and one active one, Ngauruhoe, which blows offevery so often. Earthquakes are rare, but do happen, andare pretty violent when they do.

The principal towns are all connected by railways androads. The railways are government-owned, and, becausethey are all narrowgauge, will seem slow in comparison torail [Tavel in the United States. However, considering thenature of the country, the chief express trains, notably theAuckland-Wellington Limited, go at a pretty good clip.

Because of the relatively short distances, there are veryfew night trains or sleeping cars. The day coaches aredivided into first class and second, corresponding roughlyto our parlor car and coach. Trains have no dining cars,but stOp for meals at special stations.1 2

In auto ownership, New Zealand ranks nextUnited States. We have one car to every four peoplthey have one to e,'ery five people. Since the war, ghas been very strictly rationed, as you would expect.Incidentally, if you have to drive in New Ze

whether in car, truck, or jeep, remember that allkeeps to the left of the road, just as it does in EnglandThe country has no native wild animals, but the

wild pigs, deer, and millions of rabbits. Rabbits, origimported, have multiplied so rapidly as to becomeace to farmers, and hunting them is a great New Zwinter industry. You'll see many beautiful birds, bfamous kiwi (kee-wee), the bird that can't B y, ivery rare, and you aren't likely to see one exceptmuseum, And you won't see snakes because thereany!Since New Zealand is in the southern hemisphere

seasons are the opposite of ours. It is winter from JAugust and summer from December to February.mas and New Year are summer holidays, with Easthe fall and Labor Day in the spring. And just to cyou a little more, the southern part of the councolder than the northern.

The climate is rather like that of the United StCalifornia, Oregon, and Washington--except that


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oNha~!~s:or:::'\ ~~~ thZa~al~,:~C:s A:;~Cnan~ot~:ki~!,:h: I~e~~way from nowhere. This map gives a truer picture of New Zea-land in relation to the rest of the world and clearly indicates it,strategic imponance. You will notice that it lies below the Equator,whereas the United States lies above it. As a result, theseasoos arereversed. When it is winter in the United States, it is summer inNew Zealand and vice versa. The International Date Line runs northand south through the Patific-just about at the fold oflh""" tWopages. When it is today on the Idt-hand page, it is )'csterday for

HONOLULU UN FR~NCISCOe'oop .... 4'50 P.....YESTEROAY YtSTEROAY

placcsonthe right-hand page. When you are inAuckland,you,6Y. hours ahead of New York time. For instance, whenoon on Wednesday in Auckland, it is 4:30 p. m. on TuesSan Francisco and 1'30 p. m. in New York. The normal stime between New Zealand and Ihe West Coast of the UnitMiS3 t04 weeks. Betauseof the war, sea transport now takelonger. But aviation has brought the two countries close lThe r"gular dipper used to take 4 days. For detailed mapZealand see cemcrsprcad.


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mountains and foothills there is seldom any snow. Thereis plenty of rain, much more than in most of the UnitedStates, especially in the winter months. Summers are fairlycool, and heat waves are rare. You will notice that there isvery often, in fact almost always, a slight wind. This sweepsaway the haze and gives the country an extraordinarilyclear atmosphere.

Wellington, the capital, has a reputation for its winds-the "southerly busters"; they say you can tell a Welling-rcnian anywhere in the world because he clutches his hatinstinctively as he turns a street corner.

WHAT IS A DOMINION?

NEW ZEALAND is a British Dominion. That is to say,it does not belong to Britain, but is an independent nation,which is voluntarily a member of the British Common-wealth of Nations, such as Canada, Australia, and SouthAfrica. All are free and equal and Ay their own flags aswell as the Union Jack. The King of England is the titularhead and he is represented in New Zealand by a Governor-General; but neither the King nor the Governor-Generalexercises any real political power, and the country is gov-erned by its own parliament. In League of Nations meet-ings for instance, New Zealand sometimes expressed viewsvery different from those of Britain.1 6

England can't declare war or make peace or sign trfor any Dominion. New Zealand declared war onmany and Japan itself and raised its own Army. AZealander will sign the peace treaties for New Zewhen that day comes.

New Zealand has its own Minister in Washingtoneveryone agrees that relations between New Zealandthe United States will be more than ever importantime goes on.

The Parliament, which meets in wellington, ismuch like the British-an upper house appointed bOovemor-General and having very limited powers,

SPEECH!ALL IM P OR TlltlT DE BATE SIN T ilE N EW ZEALAN DPAR L IAM EN T AR EBROADCASTALL C IT IZEN S OVER 21AR E EN TITLED TO VOTEA R E R E Q U IR E D TO


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a lower house elected every 3 years by the people. Theparty winning the most seats forms the government inpower, headed by the party leader, who becomes PrimeMinister, and a Cabinet of about 12 other ministers. In1935 a labor gO\'ernment came into office for the firsttime and was reelected in 1938. Since the outbreak of thewar there has been a special War Cabinet.

All citizens over 21 are entitled to vote and are requiredto register on the electoral rolls.

HOW NEW ZEALAND MAKES ITS LlVINC

NEW ZEALAND is considered to be one of the mostefficient farming countries in the world. From New Zea-land's agricultural areas and modern factories are turnedout huge quantities of butter and cheese.

The other main industry in the islands is sheep farming,both for wool and for the meat and hides. The wild,hilly country is used for wool sheep while the sheep andlambs intended for meat are fattened up on the flat coun-try where pasture and root crops are grown for them.Pigs (seldom called hogs) and beef cattle are also raisedin smaller numbers.

Unlike Australia, New Zealand has relatively few reallylarge sheep ranches called "stations." The few there arelie mostly in the hilly back country ("Back blocks"). On1 8

the other hand, the small farmer [called a "cocky")typical figure in New Zealand country life.

Agriculture is less important. Wheat, oats, barleypotatoes are widely cultivated but not for export.crops and alfalfa (called "lucerne") are grown foYou'll see practically no corn (called maize).

Mining is mostly limited to coal. There was a coable gold rush in the last century, but gold mining,still carried on is no longer of major importance.are no large iron mines and hence no large iron anindustry. While New Zealand's industrial plants artively small, they turn out a very wide range of proNew Zealand lacks petroleum, cotton, rayon, alum

copper, and paper, and therefore depends on impomany raw materials as well as manufactured golives by exchanging its farm products for these matures from Europe and America. It thus has a veryforeign trade, more than three-quarters of it with B

NEW ZEALAND'S MONUMENTS

NEW ZEALAND is so young that she has littleand few monuments of the visible type. Yet to the ncredit are some of the great achievements of thethough you have to look in the book of statisticsthem. For instance, she has the world's greatest expe


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N E WZ E A L A N D

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of life and the lowest death rate. In other words, a babyborn in New Zealand has a better chance of living to aripe old age than one born anywhere else.New Zealand led the way in giving old-age pensions to

her citizens; she was the first to give votes to women; sheintroduced industrial arbitration; the 5-day, 4o-hour week(now suspended for the duration); social security for theunemployed, the sick, the widows, and orphans. She givesher people free hospital service, free medical attention, andher school children enjoy free milk and dental care.The government also operates or controls many busi-nesses which are likely to be in private hands elsewhere-

railways, public utilities, a central hank, a fire, accidentand life insurance office, coal mines and broadcasting serv.ices. In addition, the government undertakes the mar-keting of nearly all the farm produce grown in the country.

FOOD AND DRINK-AND TEAl

ARE you fond of lamb? That's" good-because you're go-ing to get lots of it. New Zealanders eat fabulous quantitiesof lamb and mutton and also a good deal of beef, but littlepork or veal. Try mutton as they serve it, roasted, withmint sauce and roast potatoes.New Zealand has first class sea food . Toheroas, a kind ofshell fish, make rich soup. Whitebait (the young of

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smelt) cooked in butter is good. And uy a mutton bonce anyway. It's a seabird with great layers of fat toit warm in the icy south.Although excellent vegetables are grown, you are

to get less of a variety than you did at home, particuin winter. Salads are not common in restaurants andusually made by chopping lettuce into shreds and soait in a dressing of vinegar, cream, and sugarCorn is seldom eaten, and sweet-potatoes are know

their Maori name of kumara. Considering that theysomany cows, New Z~alandcrs consume surprisinglycheese. On the other hand they go in for large quantitiebutter and bread.Fruits are good and plentiful, though oranges (us

imported) arc not used as generously as in America.dessert served after dinner is usually referred to assweet" and may consist of rice or sago pudding, stesuet pudding, stewed fruit, fruit salad, or shallowwhich is called a "tart." This is usually served with cand never with cheese. Ice cream is rarely eaten at homDrug stores, which nrc called chemists' shops, usuall

only drugs and toilet articles and have no soda founor lunch counters. In all the towns you will find nume"tea rooms" and milk bars where you can get milk shsoft drinks, etc.


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Although there are no hot dog or hamburger stands 0$such, you will find a Nelli Zealand institution called thePie Cart. This is 0 stand which is set up at night in one ofthe main sguares of the town and where you can sit downand get a good cheap meal of sausages, potatoes, eggs, andother such food. But even there you won't find thekind of coffee you are used to. In fact, you won't get itanywhere except in camp, because one of the characteristicswhich the New Zealanders share with the British is a com-plete inability to make coffee.And now we come to the all-important subject of "tea:'It's not simply the stuff you used to have at home. In fact,

it may be more than a beverage. It may be a whole meal!So you'd better learn a little something about it.The thing that will confuse you at first are the names

given to tea-drinking occasions. There are three kinds or"tea." To begin with, there is morning tea at 10 or 11a. m.Then there is afternoon tea at 3 or 4 p. m., which is usuallyaccompanied by great quantities of bread and butter,cookies, cakes, and even fruit salad. But don't confuseeither of these tWO with the occnsion called "tea." Yousee, in many homes dinner is served at midday and theevening meal is called "lea"-or whar many of us callsupper in the United States.All clear so far? Then you've only one more thing to2 4

learn. When a New Zealander says "supper" he mrefreshments served at the very end of the evealter you've come horne from the movies, for instaThe word is used in the same way in many parts oown country.

If you are invited to "tea," perhaps the safest thindo is to ask your host to name the hour!

You'll immediately notice that the New Zealanderuses his knife and fork like the English, holding theonly in the left hand and loading food onto it withknife. Pie is eaten with a spoon or spoon and fork,cake is usually eaten with the fingers.

Outside of private homes and a few clubs, liquorbe bought only in licensed hotels, and then only dthe hours from to a. In. to 6 p. 111., Idonday to Friday,from 10 a. m. 10 2 p. m. and 4 to 6 p. m. on SaturdNo liquor is sold on Sundays. Some districts haveprohibition, but they are few and scattered.

It is not the New Zealand custom to go in fordrinks such as highballs. l-Iard liquor is served inor half-ounce nips. Supplies are short and in manyprncricolly unobtainable. Much of the beer andstronger than ours and is not served so cold. Icc alwater arc not popular and you will often have tspecially [or a glass of water with your meal.


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Cigarettes arc more expensive than in the United Statesand are mostly of the "straight Virginia" type.Tipping is not nearly as common in I'ew Zealand as

it is in America. It is sometimes done in hotels but neverin restaurants.

THE New Zealanders love games. They say that the threeR's out there are racing, rugby. and "castling." And if youenjoy outdoor activities, you're in for a good time.

Considering how far apart we arc (6,joO miles), wehave had many sporting contacts with New Zealand.Working there as a blacksmith, Bob Fitzsimmons de-veloped the punch which won him his fame in the UnitedStares. Bi!1 Murphy, one-time fe:nhcrweight world cham-pion, came from New Zealand as did Tom Heeney whofought Gene Tunney for the heavyweight title. Andmaybe you remember [ack Lovelock, the sensational NewZealand runner who broke the world's mile record inthe United States and went on to take the 1,jOometer runinthe Olympics.Rugby is the New Zealand type of football and is the

national game. It occupies a tremendous position in peacetime New Zealand life and an important position even inwartime. There are two varieties, the amateur game (Rug-2 6

by Union), played with 15 men on a team, and thefessional (Rugby League), played with !3 men. lrmany resemblances to American football, is just as t(for they play it without any padding or helmets), ana game which any American used to football wouldquickly. It is so much a part of New Zealand lifethere would be no quicker way for an Army unit tointo the heart of New Zealand than by forming aand playing rugby or teaching them our game. It is plon Saturday afternoons throughout the winter inZealand and every young man seems to play; even alike Dunedin, with a population of 82,700 people, has40 or 50 sides playing in normal times each week end

IH'mEYOU C- AN CATe flINA COlD WATER STREAtfI,SWING YOUR LINE OVER,ANOWOK TtlEMINABQllIHGP O O L O N T H E R I V E R B A f ' t K


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The "All Blacks," the New Zealand International team,so-called [rom their black jerseys with white femleafbadges, were until recently the undisputed world cham-pions at Rugby football. For a number of years Rugby re-placed American football in the universities, high schools,and athletic clubs of our own Pacific coast. Then the "AllBlacks" visited America and played all of our best teams.At the end of the tour they had won every match, run upmore than 1,000 points, and been scored on once. Thatkilled Rugby in the United States.

They say that a New Zealand baby, as soon as he canstand, seizes the pillow, staggers across his cot, and plantsit between the bed posts, and claims a touchdown-or a"try" as they say in New Zealand.A third type of football (soccer) is played with a round

ball instead of an oval one and a team of II men. This isthe game which is most popular in England, but it hasnever really caught on in New Zealand.Cricket, which is played in the summer, you may find

pretty dull, but try it yourself sometime and you will 'findit has all the subtlety of baseball, but the tempo is muchslower. Baseball and softball have recently been taken up,and you will very likely find yourself explaining some ofthe fine points of the game.Golf courses are easy to find all over the country, and

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UNTil C A PTA IH COOK (1769)P U T A StlORE DOMESTIC P IG S(Wf\ ICt i TURNED WILD), TtlEREWERE NOHAllVE ANIMALS I~ N,Z.EXC EP T TH E RA T. A S A RESU LT,SOME BIRDS NEVER tlA VlliG BEENSCARED OFF THEGRDUNO, LOSTTHE U S E OF THEIR W IN GS T f\EG IA NT MOA ( N O W EXTINCT)AHD THE K IW I AR E EXAM PLES

you will find lawn bowls but no bowling alleys. Tenwidely played-and well played.You can gel to an excellent beach by street car

practically every New Zealand town, and there isyachting, boating, and fishing, and it is very cheap.There is plenty of skiing, wild-deer hunting, and

pig shooting. Deer have bred so rapidly and havesuch damage to young trees that they have becometional pest. New Zealand troops are taken on deer-huexpeditions as part of their training in jungle warfa

Horse racing has been curtailed by the war buwill hear a lot about it, and a race meeting is a good


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10 meer New Zealanders. You can b et on pari-murue! ma-chines which they call the "rcte't=-shon for totalizer. Youwill lind on most race courses special booths where you canchange your dollars into New Zealand money. Some of thegreatest horses have been produced in New Zealand, in-cluding the famous "Phar Lap."

NEW ZEALAND AND THE WAR

IMAGINE the United States with an Army and Navy or13,000,000 men. Imagine on top of that a home guard oranother 8,000,000. That is the number we would have tohave under arms if we were !O match New Zealand's mo-bilization, allowing for the difference in population be-tween the two countries!

New Zealand troops, as you wil! quickly see for your-self, are a fine looking, sunburned, tough bunch of men,with as fine a record in this war as they had in the last.The division they sent to the Middle East in 1940 coveredthe retreat of the armies in Greece, exterminated the creamof the Nazi parachutists in Crete, were the first to reachTobruk after the critical battle of Sidi Rezegh in 1941, andwere very largely responsible for stopping Rommel's driveinto Egypt in the summer of 1942.The army hasn't won all the honors either. Their navy

has done its share too. Remember the running sea fight3 D

against the German battleship "Graf Spce"? It wasNew Zealand light cruiser "Achilles" that closed righand helped !O send her to destruction.

New Zealand's airmen have been in action from thethe war started. In fact the very first ace of the war.late Flying Officer Edgar (Cobber) Kain, was from Wington. New Zealand bomber and fighter squadronsin the thick of the Pacific fighting and, as a part oR. A. F., are operating every day from the British IsleYou can distinguish a New Zealand soldier who

been or is going overseas by the label "New Zealand"wears just below his shoulder. The bright colored paon the sleeves indicate the different units-like ourdivisional badges-and the colored "pugaree" on hishat tells which branch of the service he belongs to.B u t t e r and Guns. Apart from their hattie record thepie of the country have put their shoulders into theeffort in a way that no one else has surpassed. Theykept up their farm production even though many farhave been drafted, and they've exported even larger qtines of cheese, buuer, and meat to Britain duringwar than before.

Despite the fact that all steel has to b e imported,Zealand is turning out and even exporting to the MEast and India important quantities of small arms am


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flEfI~T + < E 'H R G E A N T Y O R K "NEW ZEA~ANO IS SERGEAtnKEITt\ ELLIOT, WtlO WDNTtlEVICTORIA CROSS,tHGBESTBATTLE -HONOR. THQUG ..HWOUNDED,t\E LED -ANATTACK ON FIVE ENEMYHE GUNS,AN ANTI-TAN K GU N , AN D CAPTU R ED130 PRISONERS

f i i r l-q/'\tlE;.W I ~* 1IHCRETEflEW ZEA LA N DERWIPED OUT 90%OF T+lE FAMOUSGERMAN 7Tt\fLYIN G DIV IS ION

,1+-1E~E W ZEA .LAN D L IGHT\\ \ ''A C + l1 LLES"puwfO\ Y ,PART IN THE DESTRU

OF THE GERK"N BI\h'~=_,-",;,~GRAF. .~-'-


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nition, grenades, light armored cars and so on. This hasbrought about a pressing manpower shortage and womenare replacing men wherever possible. All girls betweencertain ages are liable for work in essential services. NewZealand knows as we do that everything is at stake in thiswar and no sacrifice is too great.

NEW ZEALANDERS speak English with an accent antheir own. It is apt to sound a bit like English Cockney toAmerican ears, although it really isn't. Such words as"now" are given a rather nasal pronunciation like "neow."Words like "day" sometimes sound a little like "die."There is a story, probably untrue, of a child who was askedto describe a bison. He said, "A bison is what you washyour hands and fice in!"

You'll soon learn that the "Z" in New Zealand is pro-nounced Zed, not Zce. You'll find out, too, that your NewZealand buddy is no Puritan when it comes to swearing.You hear the word "bloody"-bloody this and bloodythat-all over the place, except in mixed company.

As in Australia and Great Britain, many words havedifferent meanings or are used differently. Thus, a biscuitis called a scone and an undershirt is called a singlet. Studythe following list carefully, it contains some real surprises.3 4

S E N D Y O U R G I R l A " 1 I K ( 'T~15GREENSTONECtlAR'" ORTIKI WASGREATlY VALUEDBY TM E MA OR I A S A TR I BA LOR PERSONALAEIRLOOM.YOU WILL FIND MANY NEWZHLAKDERS WEARIKG ATIKI, SOMETIMES AROUND

~f:lm~U~F~~l~6"sR ' ........ " " IGLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aisle (thcatre)-gllngw(J.YAparunent house-hlock 0/ {lIlIS.Ash c:lII--dmt hm.Ashman--dllstman.Atomizer-saM spray.Baggage car --i llggll ge va,Bartender-harman.Bill (money)-banknole or nou.Billboard-hollrding.Biscuit-scone or ttll Cllke.Bouncer_.hlfckcr 011/.Broiled (meal)-gri/led.Bus.ine$5suit--iol


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Cracker-hismil (Imswuu~d).Derby (hat)-bow/a.Des..,n-swt't'l or pudding.Di,hpan-w'lI~ing_up bowl.Dmggin---cht'm;lt.Drug store-


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latter is sometimes called (between men only) a "dyke"or "house of parliament." To "skire" is to boast or shootoff your mouth. A "tart" is a common name for a girl,just like our "dame," and does not mean a loose woman.

"Cow" is a common word of abuse, not so surprisingwhen so many of the people have to struggle with thebeasts. If something is godawful, they'll say it's a "faircow," or they'll cal! a bad day a "cow of a day." But tosay a thing is a "corker" or "bosker" means that it's swell,while "fair dinkum" means honest-to-god.

Don't cal! anyone a "hum" or you'll be in trouble. Toa New Zealander, as well as to an Australian, the wordis a vulgar way of referring to the backside.To help put you wise, here is a short list of the most

common slang words and expressions.

AnzaC'-Au5lralian and NewZealand Army Corps (in thelast war); a member of thatcorps.

A,u:ac Day--April ' -5 . The daythe Australians and New Z


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S'Ilnbol:ld.Volue: l'/)cenh

THREEPENCE

!~:n~:I~c3e~~:hl~i:~::::;':

It is easy to make change in New Zealand money once youlearn that 12 pennies moke 0 shilling ond 20 shillings make(] pound.The approximate values shown here ore based upon on

exchange role of $3.30 10 the pound.Here are some exchonge values 10 guide you:-

$1 =6s. l d. 50 = 3 shillings25(, = 15.6d. Dime = 7d.Nickel =3Ihd.

M 0 N EY I 12 pennies make a s 20 shillings make a p

S'lmbol:6d.Volue:8cenh

Poper nole, are u,ed IoriO'hillings. one pound ("0quid")'liv"pound"tenpounds and fifty pound .The Ten Shilling Note i.

worth about $1.65.The Pound Nole il worth

about$3.JO.Tile Guinea mean. 21 shil

ling. but th"',, i. no ,uch coinor bill.

SHlltiNGSymbol: IIValue: 16 cent.

THE FLORITWO SHILLIN

Symbol:Val.. e,]3cen

Nickname: tw

THE HALF CROor Two Shil!ings andSymbol: 216 . Value:Nickname: Holf 0


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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

THESE are practically the same as ours, but they use the"imperial gallon." This makes their gallons, quarts, andpints about one-fifth larger than ours. Their bushels arealso a little larger than the corresponding American units.

CDNCLUSIDN

YOU'RE going to like New Zealand and its people.American troops that have preceded you have made plentyof firm friends and thereby paved the way for you. You'llsoon feel at home, particularly if you remember from thebeginning that you have plenty to learn, especially fromthe New Zealanders themselves. No warnings are neededby any man of common sense and good will.

Always remember that it will take mutual cooperationto win the war, and mutual understanding to win thepeace. If you make friends wherever you go, you are notonly doing a fine job for yourself and your country, butfor humanity and the future of the world.

4 2

'Q U A " " ' "

INDIANOCEAN , ,

T ~~~iP~~~esn:~~esinc1~;!a::~i:o~;s~a;!~agti~~~i,n:Pl~o~:t;;the Japanese to jump from one;sland 10 the nexluotil theydonated the area off AUSlr3liasnorthern coast. It was from the bathis norlhern coast, and from New Caledonia and New ZealandtheUllited Nations slowed the Japdrive south.


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Pocket Guide to New Zealand

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