PM2.5 Carbonaceous species and BC Emitted from Peat Land...
Transcript of PM2.5 Carbonaceous species and BC Emitted from Peat Land...
Puji Lestari-ITBBogor, August 4-7, 2015 1
PM2.5 Carbonaceous species and BC Emitted from Peat
Land burning in Riau Sumatera
Puji LestariWindy Iriana, Yusuke Fuji*, Susumu Tohno*
Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitute of Technology Bandung (ITB)
Indonesia*Kyoto University-Japan
Email: [email protected]
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Background: Why PM2.5 ? According to the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED),
average PM2.5 emissions from fire (including deforestation,savanna, forest, agricultural waste, and peat fires) from 1997 to2010 in Indonesia are accounting for 9.2% of global fire PM2.5 emissions and 62% of Southeast Asian fire emissions
Peatland fire is a dominant source of PM2.5 emissions,accounting for 55% of all fire sources
Riau Province in Sumatra is one of the primary hotspots forpeatland fire during the dry season, and the smoke aerosol generated there cause haze in Riau and in neighboring countriessuch as Malaysia and Singapore
Limited data exist regarding the chemical characteristics of these smoke aerosols Puji Lestari-ITB 3
Background InformationNumber of Hot Spot in Riau
Number of Hot Spot in Different area
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Objectives of the study To analyze carbonaneous particulate PM2.5 emission
from peat land fires in Riau, Sumatera. To Quantitatively characterized carbon fraction of
Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC) of the aerosols derived from peatland fires to determine potential source profile and indicators.
To provide useful information to evaluate the contribution of Indonesian peatland fire aerosols to the air quality in Southeast Asia
7SEAS2010, Taiwan ,June15-18
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Burning site (BS) Sepahat, Bukit Batu,
Bengkalis
Background Site (BS)Kota Pakning , Bukit Batu
Urban Site (UBS)Pekanbaru City
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Sampling Locations: Riau Sumatra
Sampling Collection
BackgroundSite BurningSite
Minivolume sampler During burning periods May-June 2012
Analysis OC and EC were analyze at Laboratory Research Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan (Kyoto Univ colaborator) The carbonaceous contents of the aerosols collected in the quartz fiber filters were
quantified using a DRI Model 2001 OC/EC Carbon Analyzer, which employs thermal optical reflectance following the IMPROVE_A protocol.
The IMPROVE_A temperature defines temperature plateaus for thermally-derived carbon fractions as follows: 140 C for OC1, 280 C for OC2, 480 C for OC3, and 580 C for OC4 in helium (He) carrier gas; 580 C for EC1, 740 C for EC2, and 840 C for EC3 in a mixture of 98% He and 2% oxygen (O2) carrier gas (Chow et al., 2007).
BC were analyze using EEL type Smoke Stain Reflectometer OC, EC, and total carbon (TC) were calculated from the eight carbon fractions as
follows: OC= OC1 + OC2 + OC3 + OC4 + OP (1) EC = EC1 + EC2 + EC3 - OP (2) TC = OC + EC
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PM2.
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Sampel
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PM2,5 Concentration in Burning Site
Average7120 ± 3620 g/m3
550‐12143 g/m3
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Concentrations of PM2.5 in Urban & Background sites
Urban siteBackground site
AAQS
Black Carbon (BC) Concentration
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Concentration of BC at Burning Site and Background site (SBS)
Comparison of OC/EC Concentrations in Burning, Urban and Background sites
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Mass OC EC
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OC/EC contribution to PM2.5
OC26%
EC10%
Others64%
OC39%
EC13%
Others48%
OC71%
EC2%
Others27%
Urban Background site
Burning site
Carbon Fraction in Total Carbon Abundances of eight thermally-derived carbon fractions differ by carbon sources
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OC1 normally rich in biomass burningOC3 and OC4 relatively came from road dustOC2 was found in samples of coal combustion (decay plants)
EC2 and EC3 mainly emitted by motor vehicles
Carbon Fraction in different locations
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OC4
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Comparison of OC/EC ratio from PM2.5 emitted from Peat land and other burning sources (AE 87(2014) 164-
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16(OC/EC) provide some indication of the origins of carbonaceous PM2.5
Conclusions: PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosols collected at a peatland fire
hotspots had very high concentration of about 300 and 100 times of that colected at background and an urban sitesrespectively.
Average PM2.5 aerosols emitted from peatland fire were observed in very high concentrations (7120 ± 3620 ug/ m3) and were primarily composed of OC (71.0 ±5.11% of PM2.5 mass)
The OC/EC ratios (36.4 ± 9.08 for peatland fire), abundances ofeight thermally-derived carbon fractions,
PM2.5 from peat fire emissions is characterized by an abundance of OC1 and OC2 fractions
Emissions on burning site produces more volatile compounds with low molecular weight compared to the background sitePuji Lestari-ITB 17
7SEAS2010, Taiwan ,June15-18
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