Plugin vehicle 2025 stakeholder success vision updated October 2017
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Transcript of Plugin vehicle 2025 stakeholder success vision updated October 2017
Plugin Vehicle 2025 Stakeholder Success Vision
First draft for discussion and input – 20 October 2017
The electrification of transport has an extraordinary diversity of ingredients, interests, types of players and needs. This Innovate UK initiative is designed to help provide some collective long term focus and organisational connectivity across the many stakeholders and provide a central pot of value for innovation needs in this emerging domain.
Although the sector is still in a relatively embryonic stage it is a sector that many believe will move extremely quickly and where the following will be essential to drive sector growth, deliver stakeholder needs and position the UK to be a commercial leader in this domain both in the UK and for export:
early identification of opportunities and the needs of other stakeholders organisational efficiency across the sector
creativity in developing and quickly progressing opportunities Although there are many stakeholders engaged in supporting this domain with different interests and different time horizons there is no shared view of success across them. Innovate UK is therefore leading the development of this “2025 success vision” for the electrification of transport, as viewed from the perspectives of the main stakeholder types. It looks through each stakeholder lens, and is articulated in the form of potential desired outcomes for each stakeholder. It is:
Not something that is intended to represent formal or position policy for any party
Is not intended to define how those outcomes are achieved
Is not necessarily “complete” or fully inclusive – this is a first draft populated by inputs from a small number of stakeholders
Although it is currently biased towards the passenger and light vehicle domains it is intended to be inclusive of all plugin vehicle types
It is not intended to be cast in stone but will be a set of living perspectives that will develop over time
This is a first step - It does not consider driverless cars at this point in time
The goals are:
To create a living document framework for discussion amongst and between stakeholders and cross pollinate knowledge of desirable and win-win outcomes
To be a resource for innovators to better understand desired stakeholder outcomes and innovation opportunities
To enable gap analysis so that stakeholder groups can collectively organise more effectively.
To give Innovate UK and the Catapult network use of a framework to understand where innovation support resources are needed to maximise the pace and economic impact of the sector
The vision is in a light touch format that is designed to be engaging, interesting, and solicit further creative contributions as an open source piece of work. Please contribute any thinking or insights you have as this is a crowdsourcing process and we do need your input. Please contribute either on the LinkedIn page associated with this document, or if you would prefer, please email [email protected] either with your comments, questions, or if it suits you better, a marked up version of the document itself would be welcome.
Vehicle user lens
Today’s perspective
The EV user population is moving on from “innovator” early adopters many of whom have a good understanding of the technology and energy, to user groups now who have no technical
background and no understanding of energy.
Motivations to buy are very varied: social/green responsibility, lifestyle, coolness, driving pleasure, cost
Range anxiety is experienced far less by actual EV users than non-EV users imagine
Tensions exist between pure Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV or EV), Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and internal combustion engine car users in terms of use and misuse of charging spaces, including BEV users perceiving they have more right to charge point access
than PHEVs
Residual market/ re-sale not a mature market, especially for early adopters
Confusion on connector and charger types for new EV users or users who aren’t the regular
users of EVs
Charge point anxiety experienced with public charging (i.e. anxiety over availability, smart card recognition and charger state of health). Users are unable to guarantee charging point availability (not in use), serviceability, or that charging points are not obstructed such as by
vehicles that aren’t plugin
New drivers or infrequent users of public charging find it confusing as to which type of charger and lead they need to use, especially for rapid charging. Some don’t understand the
difference between AC and DC
Physically finding charge points can be very difficult, especially in complex street scenes, multi-
stories/car parks
Charging systems for public charging are flat rate systems with no “smart” grid support value
Public charging can be a transactional and clunky process for new or infrequent users,
especially with differences from one manufacturer to another
Users tend to “take as much energy as they can” rather than “what they really need”
No “intelligent mobility” thinking currently, joining up between vehicle, lifestyle, infrastructure and energy providers, other transport modes
New/infrequent users unsure what is safe to do or not do regarding charging in wet weather
Users unaware or unsure of risks associated with ad hoc charging on extension leads or domestic 3 pin plug charging and some perceptions that it may limit what they can safely do
in the home when charging (am I safe to put the oven on?)
Confusion over different power charge options and how long a charge event will take for their vehicle, whether that is a) how long to full battery, or b) how long to charge to achieve a
desired mileage range increase for specific journey needs
There is currently no social code of conduct or accepted practice for EV charging, use of EV charge spaces. As a result behavioral practices vary leading to tensions and frustrations among EV users from time to time. E.g. is it acceptable to unplug someone else’s EV if it has finished charging? Most EV users believe it is but some do not. This is just one area of practice that
can frustrate.
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Vehicle Users
A joined-up end to end experience for any driver, especially for new or infrequent users
A diverse range of charging and grid service options and interfaces for both low capacity low use EVs that may only need slow charge rates with significant flexibility on when charging is needed through to high capacity high usage EVs which will require faster more time and
location specific charging. Business models and pricing to suit the type of service.
Maximized incentives for modifying charge behavior
Reliable journey and range information and management, presented in ways that suits different users i.e. some users are comfortable working in “miles range” but others will need
range information in “destination” or “journey” terms (i.e. you will make your trip)
Battery health can very accurately and robustly determined to enable a confident vehicle re-
sale market where the remaining life/performance of the battery will play a big role in value
Solutions that tailor differently for EV vs PHEV drivers so that these two separate domains
work in harmony with each other
Diverse options and opt in methods for smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) income (and potentially other services) to support the grid with clear information on what the rewards will be and what safeguards there are to ensure a user’s EV has the necessary energy when they need it
Integration with car parking and car park space management needs and easy to access travel option integration with other transport modes
Interoperability with ubiquitous payment solution across network operators e.g. Kwikpay
Diversity of charging solutions for those without off street parking and different charging rate needs
Much easier ways of understanding which EV type is suited to a vehicle users needs
Much easier ways for a user to understand which charger cable/connector is appropriate for their car and their journey needs
An EV user wide accepted code of conduct on use of public charging infrastructure and EV
charging spaces
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Distribution Network Operator lens
Today’s perspective
No visibility (by network operators) of EV charge use or intended use, and no influence in
managing demand or other network characteristics such as harmonics
Circumstance specific constraints on providing new EV charger grid connections
(predominantly for rapids and large numbers of lower power chargers)
Limited visibility of clusters developing
No existing regulatory ability to harness V2G
No incentive or operating framework for customers to choose smart charge points
Patchy level of low voltage network visibility of installed chargers to inform smart charging, or
to improve the performance and management of the distribution network
No ability to adjust charging levels in localized areas to avoid network faults
No ability to influence EV charging in recovery from network outage/black start circumstances
No mechanisms or business models to harness EVs in providing niche services to the efficiency of the local energy system such as harmonics management or phase balancing
Other stakeholders at times not considering implications from a networks perspective of bigger/faster equipment, new solutions, new services
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Distribution Network Operators
A rapid means of identifying emerging cluster issues of plugin ownership or use
Visibility of geo-specific time-specific intended EV charging events to enable network
operational mitigation actions to be taken if necessary
A standardized method for network operators to communicate with and influence chargers in
very geo-specific ways
Maximum diversity of charging point capacity and use
A means of encouraging EV to EV charging at times of network stress
Visibility of new charge point connections (and removals!)
Ability to provide rapid assessment of new charge connection viability
A broad range of solutions to enable existing points of connections to support charging at low
cost
The ability to use EV resources to support load management, phase balancing, harmonics
management, power factor correction, and voltage support, black start etc.
LV network visibility and control, to enable fully automated HV and LV network, and in turn
facilitating smart solution deployments
Means of EVs interacting with entire property via smart home/smart building setup to allow customers to choose what load to flex in response to request for grid services or choose to provide power from EV to home/in-home battery to EV during peak periods to avoid network
issues
Consideration from other stakeholders of whole system implications when looking to introduce new equipment/services/solutions
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Local authority/urban lens
Today’s perspective
Concern that growth in public EV charging outstripping available infrastructure
Challenges in providing charging for users who only have street parking
Investment/business models for new infrastructure not clear/mature
Poor visibility of power network locality suitability (e.g. capacity/constraint and voltage level
to connect at)
Often substantial portfolios of car parks with little or no charging provision, some of which are
owned and operated by local authorities, others operated by private operators
No workable means of using charging point availability information in a domain to either encourage use generally or to encourage economic generation through new visitors to a
locality
Limited understanding of current populations of EVs in a locality or their type, or future user vehicle choice types, or charging arrangement preferences
Only limited options currently to physically build charging infrastructure into conventional infrastructure, especially retrofit
No ability to benefit from V2G to increase charging capabilities in a locality (i.e. to use energy from a vehicle in a locality that does not need the energy to transfer that energy to another
EV in the locality)
Limited means for Local Authorities to effectively communicate to existing or future EV users
where new charge point deployments will be and when
Limited/no visibility of likely future mobility trends (e.g. trends towards more use of car clubs
or public transport)
Limited understanding of housing stock types in a locality re potential for off street parking
Poor visibility of future charging technology options in the pipeline
Poor visibility of charge connector standards changes and their effect on compatibility of
existing and future charge infrastructure choices and asset stranding or loss in availability risks
Unknown - how to future proof infrastructure/enhance future deployment of wireless
charging if it becomes a dominant technology
Local authority processes traditionally very fragmented, planning, parking, energy, housing,
authority owned transport and different from LA to LA
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Local Authorities
Ubiquitous charging with clear investment models and supply chain structures to deliver, maintain and run on commercial terms
A means of understanding desired charge use and trends for a given region/town/specific locality
A means of understanding actual use
Methods for encouraging EV/zero emission vehicle use over ICE use
Minimized trip hazards for pedestrians
Minimize the need for on-street parking, reallocating car parking space to other uses
Maximum use and flexibility of street side parking where it is absolutely necessary
Minimize car dominance in public/dense pedestrian spaces, to address air quality challenges ideally developing enforced zero emission zones
Minimization of accidents caused by silence of EVs, which is of highest risk in environments that are still noisy because where petrol/diesel vehicles are still dominant and when hearing
EVs is the hardest
A means of providing travelers with Mobility As A Service (MAAS) information to encourage
use of public transport, walking, cycling or other alternatives over EV use
A means of encouraging electric only use of PHEVs in bui lt up areas to reduce emissions
Seamless integration of charging infrastructure with street infrastructure in proximity to EV
user demand. E.g. Amsterdam model
Ensuring street charging infrastructure meets the highest accessibility standards, and does not
impede goods vehicle loading/unloading
Facilitate charging points for special use cases such as disabled bays
Ensure local planning rules encourage and support the switch to EV amongst delivery and
servicing vehicles (e.g. providing them with charging capability at loading/unloading locations)
Parking charges that encourage low emissions choices
Car park space enforcement systems that robustly police both use of spaces, use of chargers
and enable policing of legitimate use (e.g. EVs plugged in but no longer on charge)
Working collaboratively and proactively with DNOs to deliver strategic infrastructure
deployment
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Energy Supplier lens
Today’s perspective
Limited means of maintaining continuity of “energy charging relationship” between a domestic energy customer environment and an EV charging environment (Ecotricity the only
example of success)
No means to use EV resources for balancing settlement
EV owners considered niche market, outside of core business, varied expectations as to uptake curve
Lack of coherent proposition to provide local optimization of energy resources such as local generation (e.g. solar), EVs and smart devices in the home
Generally low smart meter penetration
Undeveloped understanding of the role EVs can play in ancillary services
Lack of appreciation by customers of their future potential to engage in the energy ecosystem
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Energy Suppliers
Integrated customer charging propositions into a single relationship – charge at home, at work
and on the road with a single integrated tariff, payment and billing service
Universal smart meter adoption with innovations configured in such a way as to offer balancing services that connect through to integrated building and EV energy management
EVs potentially forming a core customer segment
Creation of single smart offering covering all energy consumption and micro-generation touch points
Consented visibility by energy suppliers of distributed controllable loads – capacity and load
rate
Customer to be crucially important stakeholder and participant in optimal grid balancing
system and in order to extract maximum value.
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Charge Point Network Operator (CPNO) lens
Today’s perspective
Starting to move away from ‘free fuel’ concept on the public charging side of things, through
to cost and use representative charging arrangements
Moving from a government funded industry, through to a commercially viable market
There are policy measures in place to incentivize uptake, however not enough (see Norway as
an example)
Lack of collaboration, communication and visibility on projects/innovations coming to market between CPNOs and other key stakeholders (such as DNO/DSOs)
Smart/managed chargers will in time provide a powerful tool for grid operators to manage grid constraints - yet the marketplace and requirements to enable viable services to be traded
is in its infancy
A large-scale viable on-street charging solution doesn’t exist, but solving this challenge is key to enabling full market adoption
There’s a lack of infrastructure for 24 hour fleet operators (i.e. taxi or postal services). Rapid charging is key, yet it is costly and requires unsustainable amounts of power for large scale
roll out.
Fragmented energy system, user has little control over their source of electricity/when they
want to charge/integration with solar, etc.
No joint up approach to e-mobility-as-a-service; car clubs/ride hailing/charge point
operators/energy providers/landowners…
Charging infrastructure is exclusively “one-way”, there is currently no viable return from
vehicle to grid
Different approaches are being taken for interface to public charging points; membership vs
PAYG, RFID vs token vs App, creating a disjointed/confusing experience for the driver
No standardized tariffs or business models
Lack of standardized sockets on the car side (particularly for rapid charging), creates confusion
amongst drivers
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Charge Point Network Operators
A frictionless, integrated public charging experience where the driver parks in a bay and walks away, returning to a car charged as much as they need or have asked for. No substantial
forethought, authentication or perhaps even plugging in required
A viable business model for all stakeholders across all types of charging
A marketplace in which grid operators utilize CPNOs to manage the load on the grid, at a
national, regional and local level
Integrated approach between renewable energy (including micro-generation), battery storage and electric vehicle charging, with CPNOs offering fast response load balancing services without inconveniencing charger connected customers and with widespread vehicle
to grid technology providing additional benefits to grid operators
Charge point operators know the state of charge of EV batteries in the vicinity of their charge points for owners who have consented that information (whether via an app you might have or via a third party source of data?) allowing charge point owners may want to “attract” drivers for example energy costs are suddenly low (e.g. when there is available renewable
energy on the system that isn’t being used) or even negative
Charge point operators may value knowing intended charging of a user/driver (i.e. before the event) so they could manage charge point queuing or suggest alternative locations, and also knowing how much energy a car NEEDS for its intended use and state of charge would enable the development of strategies for incentivizing either “charge only what is needed” vs “charge as much as you can” which is typical of today
Operators likely to value distinguishing if an intended or actual charging event was for an PHEV or BEV
A common framework for hosting data on charge points that are experiencing faults to make both the task of an EV user more informed but also to enable other charge point operators in the locality to use that information to inform the strategy for managing their own charge
points in the locality
Charge point operators might value knowing the distribution density of EVs at street by street level (a perspective local authorities and network operators might also value) and the trends
in terms of the numbers and their use
They would probably value simpler/better satisfaction/dissatisfaction regarding an individual
charging experience so that they can understand how to improve customer satisfaction
They would value having much more visibility/accessibility of grid capacity information for new connections and a better forward view of grid availability in order to consult on large scale roll outs (particularly for rapids or large fleet operations), minimize install costs and
project management time
They would value knowing trends in charging events (frequency/duration etc.) for different
battery capacity cars
For a domestic scenario, they might value being able to know a homeowners tariff (particularly if a dynamic time of use) to be able to develop charging strategies
It’s a given that cybersecurity needs to be best in class to protect personal data, infrastructure, vehicles and energy network systems
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
National Grid (views span all NG roles)
Today’s perspective
Targeted network reinforcement required to facilitate future capacity from uptake of Electric
Vehicles (EVs)
Lack of forward visibility in both charging infrastructure requirements and network capacity
Regulatory and/or commercial frameworks may not unlock the necessary network
investments required to support charging infrastructure
We are seeing an ever changing and divergent energy mix which requires more flexibility in our energy system. Electric vehicles offer a great opportunity for balancing the system
We have limited understanding of the impacts of electrification of transport
We have limited understanding of the economic impacts of electrification of transport on end consumers
There’s limited regulatory consideration for electrification of transport and how it interacts with energy systems
Level of clarity around scalable, commercial customer solutions and business models to enable future roll out of national solution
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for National Grid
Holistic and transparent view on new and existing EV charging infrastructure provides visibility
to plan network reinforcements as required
Cross-sector coordination ensures economic and efficient network investments to facilitate
future capacity requirements
Suitable regulatory and commercial frameworks exist to unlock network investment required
to support charging infrastructure
Utilize smart charging and vehicle-to-grid as part of a wider range of solutions for balancing
the system in a cost effective manner.
To understand the impacts of electrification of transport
Understand the future behaviors/needs for electrification of transport and how the system needs to be designed and operated accordingly in order to deliver the SO actions for electrification of transport at the lowest economic cost to end consumer
The regulatory framework fully considers electrification of transport and how it interacts with energy systems
Utilization is sufficient to enable cost recovery.
Location of infrastructure is based on both availability of sites and customers
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Automotive OEM lens
Today’s perspective
PHEV a confidence building ‘consumer choice’ although likely a stepping stone to full EV
adoption
Mixed levels of understanding or visibility among OEM engineers of the energy supply/
network side challenges or the benefits EV to the energy system
Little availability to ‘open’ own systems and products to other entities (e.g. on board systems)
Electric Vehicles seen as a niche market in some quarters (this view is rapidly changing)
A tendency within OEM quarters to assume EVs are owned by their drivers
Falling cost of batteries is driving design towards bigger batteries for extended range
Confusion in the market as to what is an electric car, what is a hybrid, greater differentiation
between real Ultra Low Emission and Low Emission Vehicles
A perception that charging infrastructure isn’t being installed with a future proof outlook, such as increasing charge point power on its existing network connection, future bidirectional
capability, provision of at least suitable cabling (e.g. when building or refurbishing car parks)
Concern exists over the difference between charging point technologies and their respective advantages/ disadvantages; can variety co-exist successfully?
The public (from an Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) survey) often perceive that they drive more miles and longer distances than they actually do
Approx 2/3 of UK homes have parking that is favorable for home/off street charging (ETI
analysis)
Car buyers and the automotive press now seen as much more enthusiastic towards the
potential of EVs
Fragmented standalone charging network operators make it hard for OEMs to act as an agent
in helping EV users access available public charging
Buyers of vehicles (of any type) tend to be motivated and focused on purchase/lease cost rather than total cost of ownership because the running cost data is usually less visible or less
understood
A number of perceptions by some owners of conventional vehicles that create barriers to sales
for them:
o the energy system won’t have the capacity to give them reliable charging
o that EV use are more carbon intense than conventional cars
o battery cycling will lead to unacceptably short vehicle life
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Automotive OEMs
Broad range of electrified technologies with BEVs taking significantly increased share as costs fall and battery capacities rise while PHEV sales remain static
Wide range of vehicle sizes and body styles available as plug-in.
Developing connectivity platforms allowing a single user account with a single mobility service provider to access infrastructure provided by a wide range of network operators without use
of PAYG or multiple user accounts
Grid Demand Side Response (DSR) and V2G capability part of the value equation (esp. if
vehicle financed) for ownership
Widespread societal confidence in battery durability, vehicle life, including in grid support
scenarios such as DSR and V2G
OEMs may value knowing local weather/climate/traffic conditions on a journey ahead to give better range information to the driver and optimize charging strategies. For example, if it is cold, likely to soon rain, with darkness approaching, it would be possible to more accurately
estimate the current journey range minimum charge needed for the intended journey ahead
Similar to the previous point, understanding the driving styles of individual drivers would
enable more refined energy and charging needs calculations
Change in ownership models: mobility as a service trajectory
Vehicle deeply integrated with infrastructure and other vehicles: connected cars can exchange information with other road users, gather data from multiple sources (i.e. users calendars,
traffic info, weather info, national and local grid)
Seamless charging experience, without need for multiple accounts with charging providers
Multiple vehicle offering and mobility solutions to cover all customer’s needs, without need to resort to big vehicle batteries where not needed
Improvements in charging infrastructure allow to fast charge within minutes: experience becomes closer to current ICE vehicles, with public charging infrastructure at the heart of
vehicle usage
Public transportation and logistics fleets can resort to quick charge (‘energy bursts’) when
stopping to pick up passengers/deliver goods
OEMs becoming more active in/ or supporting charging network operators to facilitate higher
power charging into market as an enabler to long range EVs.
Consumers weighing fuel cost advantage much more objectively as part of vehicle selection and with much easier ways of informing them on which EV type/model suits their
lifestyle/journey use patterns
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Government lens
Today’s perspective
2% of new car sales are BEV and PHEV (able to drive 10 miles with zero tail pipe emissions)
100,000 vehicles on the road
Automotive and Electric Vehicles Bill going through parliament to:
o Take powers to require all new charge points in the UK to be smart enabled
o Powers to require fuel retailers to provide rapid charge points
o Powers to require charge points to be interoperable
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
2025 vision for Government (and beyond in some instances)
Strong public awareness of the low running and maintenance costs of EVs
Range anxiety a term that is no longer used
A proactive smart energy system that is prepared for the ongoing growth of the sector
Maximum contribution of EVs to reducing the costs of energy for the UK and providing cost benefits to participating EV users
Nearly all cars and vans to be zero emission by 2050
An end to sales of pure ICE cars by 2040
Ensure compliance with EU and UK air quality limits
Support economic growth in this sector, and become market leaders
No net increase in road traffic accidents from plugin vehicles
A nationwide network of charging infrastructure at range of charging levels
Never more than 20 miles away from a public charge point on the UK strategic road network (A roads and motorways) 95% of the time by 2021
Interoperable easy to use nationwide charging infrastructure, with a pay as you experience for ad hoc charging
Electric vehicles cheaper than conventional cars and EV range equivalent
Can you add any perspectives or insights to the above?
Other stakeholder lenses
Do you have any insights on the today vs 2025 lenses for any of the following other stakeholder lenses?
What might these value as successful outcomes 2025?
Car Park Operators?
Intelligent Transport Systems supply chain?
Smart grid equipment or innovation companies?
Street furniture supply chain?
Commercial fleet operators
Emergency services?
Energy DSR aggregators?
Fleet operators?
Petrol filling stations?
Owners of energy generation resources (e.g. local PV)?
Other lenses….and can you add any perspectives or insights to them?
Thank you to the Contributors
This document was contributed to both formally and informally by the following:
POD Point
National Grid
The Renewable Energy Association
Energy Systems Catapult
Three Automotive OEMs
Two Power Distribution Network Operators
One Energy Supplier
One Local Authority
UK Power Networks
[email protected] Senior Innovation Lead – Energy Systems 07867 462690