PLOW AND SANDER MANUAL Wing-sander.pdf · PLOW AND SANDER MANUAL Page 6 of 59 Overview As an...

PLOW AND SANDER MANUAL

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Last updated: August 2018


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Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 4

Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 6

Knowledge of an Employee ......................................................................................................... 6

Skills of an Employee ................................................................................................................... 6

OH&S Regulations ........................................................................................................................... 7

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8

Normal Practice ........................................................................................................................... 8

Danger Spots ............................................................................................................................... 8

Pre-Trip Inspection .......................................................................................................................... 9

Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 9

Under the Hood ........................................................................................................................... 9

Walk Around ................................................................................................................................ 9

In Cab Checks ............................................................................................................................ 10

Air Brake Inspection .................................................................................................................. 10

Starting the Engine ........................................................................................................................ 11

Ether .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Hydraulics .................................................................................................................................. 12

Safe Plow and Sanding Operation ................................................................................................ 12

Policies and Procedures ............................................................................................................ 12

Pre-check all controls ................................................................................................................ 12

Reporting on Road Conditions ...................................................................................................... 13

Snow Removal Standard ........................................................................................................... 13

Ice Control Standard.................................................................................................................. 14

Miscellaneous Winter Maintenance Standard ......................................................................... 14

Terminology .............................................................................................................................. 15

Collecting Data .......................................................................................................................... 16

Metering Devices .......................................................................................................................... 16

Hydraulic Control Levers and Rocker Panel .............................................................................. 16

Compu-Spread (REXROTH) ........................................................................................................ 17


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Storm Guard System ................................................................................................................. 18

Sander Box .................................................................................................................................... 18

Two-Way Box Sander ................................................................................................................ 18

Hopper Sander .......................................................................................................................... 19

Side-Dump Box .......................................................................................................................... 19

The Hydro-Drum ........................................................................................................................ 20

Sander Operation .......................................................................................................................... 21

Know your Sander ..................................................................................................................... 22

Checking the sanders ................................................................................................................ 23

Sanding Curves .......................................................................................................................... 23

Truck Mounted Plows ................................................................................................................... 25

The One-Way Plow .................................................................................................................... 25

The Roll-Over Plow .................................................................................................................... 26

Midmount Plow (Under Slung) ................................................................................................. 27

The Revers-a-cast ...................................................................................................................... 28

Tenco Plow ................................................................................................................................ 29

Plow Float .................................................................................................................................. 29

Personal Safety .......................................................................................................................... 30

Truck Mounted Snow Wing .......................................................................................................... 32

Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................... 32

Inspection .................................................................................................................................. 33

Installation ................................................................................................................................. 33

Wing Operation ............................................................................................................................. 34

Before Plowing .......................................................................................................................... 34

During Plowing .......................................................................................................................... 34

After Plowing ............................................................................................................................. 37

Railroad Crossing ....................................................................................................................... 37

Left-hand Wings ........................................................................................................................ 37

Wing Position ............................................................................................................................ 38

Fixed and 20” Hinge .................................................................................................................. 40

Pressure Relief Valve ................................................................................................................. 40


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Requirements for certification .................................................................................................. 40

The Blades ..................................................................................................................................... 41

Check the Plow .......................................................................................................................... 41

Changing of plow blades ........................................................................................................... 42

Courtesy to Public ......................................................................................................................... 43

Vehicles on the road.................................................................................................................. 43

Abandoned Vehicles .................................................................................................................. 43

Service to the public .................................................................................................................. 44

Park and Shutdown ....................................................................................................................... 44

Relatable SOP’s ............................................................................................................................. 46

Appendix A .................................................................................................................................... 47

Definitions of Terminology ........................................................................................................ 47

Appendix B .................................................................................................................................... 46

SPECIALISTS IN ATTACHMENT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING .............................................. 46

Appendix C .................................................................................................................................... 50


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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Rexroth 440 ................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 2: Air over hydraulic controls ............................................................................................ 17

Figure 3: Rotary dial valve controls .............................................................................................. 17

Figure 4: Compu-Spread ............................................................................................................... 17

Figure 5: Storm Guard controls .................................................................................................... 18

Figure 6: Two-Way Box Sander ..................................................................................................... 18

Figure 7: The Hopper Sander ........................................................................................................ 19

Figure 8: The Side-dump Box ........................................................................................................ 19

Figure 9: The Hydro-Drum ............................................................................................................ 20

Figure 10: Pre-Wetting System ..................................................................................................... 21

Figure 11: Sanding Curves on driving lanes .................................................................................. 24

Figure 12: The One-Way Plow ...................................................................................................... 25

Figure 13: Chain connecting the moldboard to the push frame .................................................. 26

Figure 14: The Roll-Over Plow ...................................................................................................... 27

Figure 15: The Mid-mount/Under Slung Plow ............................................................................. 27

Figure 16: The Revers-a-cast Plow ................................................................................................ 28

Figure 17: Tenco Plow ................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 18: Power Float .................................................................................................................. 29

Figure 19: Driving and Passing Lane on a 4-Lane highway ........................................................... 34

Figure 20: Lowering the Wing ....................................................................................................... 35

Figure 21: Appropriate spacing below lift arm of wing ................................................................ 35

Figure 22: Push arm safety chains ................................................................................................ 36

Figure 23: Shoulder clean off with wing ....................................................................................... 36

Figure 24: Left-hand wing on a 4-lane highway ........................................................................... 38

Figure 25: Wing transport position ............................................................................................... 38

Figure 26: Wing work position ...................................................................................................... 38

Figure 27: Tight gap of wing hinge assembly ............................................................................... 39

Figure 28: Safety chain at end of front sliding plate .................................................................... 40

Figure 29: Blade assembly with frog and carbide insert .............................................................. 41

Figure 30: Changing of plow blades .............................................................................................. 42


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NOTE TO THE READER

The information in this manual does not include each and every unique solution that you may

encounter while operating or working on the MHI equipment. In the event that a situation is not

addressed in this manual is encountered, contact your supervisor if in doubt before proceeding

Recognizing that some changes on the unit may be made in the future, the information,

specifications and illustrations in this manual are based on information that was current at the

time of publication. Note that some illustrations are typical and may not reflect the exact

scenario in which the employer will be faced.

This publication is intended for MHI internal use only. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form by any means including

(but not limited to) electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise for any other

purpose without the written permission of the MHI.

TRUCK 2 TRAINING IS REQUIRED PRIOR TO TAKING THIS COURSE


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Overview As an employer, the Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (MHI) must ensure adequate training

exists. This manual along with training for new employees and coaching by supervisors will form the

foundation of the Ministry program. The course content and format to deem an operator competent

on plowing and sanding operations will consist of:

Review of them Ministry of Highways & Infrastructure (MHI) Plow and Sander Manual.

Review of specific equipment manuals,

Completing plowing and sander E-Learning Module,

Successfully passing plowing and sander LEARN exam, and

A practical evaluation of a pre-shift inspection and proper operation of the unit typically done

with the employee’s supervisor for a minimum of 16 hours. Some employees could take more

than 16 hours to be deemed competent based on prior experience and comfort level with

power mobile equipment.

Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Regulations states; an employer or contractor shall ensure that

only trained operators are required or permitted to operate powered mobile equipment (Section 154).

The OH&S definition of a “trained operator” means a worker who has successfully completed a training

program that includes all the elements set in Table 14.1 of the OH&S Regulations.

You as an employee must use the procedures outlined in the manual along with the material presented

during the training to ensure not only your safety, but those co-workers around you.

Knowledge of an Employee After attending training and then being deemed competent on plowing and sanding, employees will be

able to do the following:

Identify hazards associated with the work, including the principles of operations and features of

the unit,

Understand the manufacturer’s specifications related to the operation and safe load handling

for the unit that the worker will be using,

Repeat workplace safety practices and procedures, and

Understand legislation applying to the work.

Skills of an Employee The skills to be learned are:

Pre-operation inspection,

Start-up and shut-down procedures,

General operation including starting, stopping, turning, driving forward and reverse, parking,

lifting and operating around personnel,

Loading trucks and working around stockpiles, and

Operational maintenance such as servicing and refueling.


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OH&S Regulations This manual was based off of best practices, Ministry standards and of course, the Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) Regulations. If you want to understand the reasoning or the legal obligations between both the employer and employee, we recommend you do further reading of the regulations that can be found at www.publications.gov.sk.ca. The OH&S Regulations are broken into four sections that relate to this manual: • Plow and Sander regulations;

o Section 12 – General Duties of Employers o Section 13 – General Duties of Workers o Section 14 – Employment of Young Persons o Section 17 – Supervision of Work o Section 24 – Identifying Mark of Approved Equipment o Section 25 – Maintenance & Repair of Equipment o Section 132 – Designated Signalers o Section 153 – “Hours of Darkness” Means o Section 154 – Trained Operators for Power Mobile Equipment o Section 155 – Visual Inspection o Section 156 – Inspection and Maintenance o Section 157 – Requirements for Powered Mobile Equipment o Section 157.1 – Construction, Repair, etc. of Powered Mobile Equipment o Section 158 – Use of Seat Belt o Section 160 – Warning of Reverse Motion o Section 161 – Roll-Over Protection Structure o Section 164 – Dangerous Movements o Section 165 – Transporting Workers

• Training regulation.

o Table 14.1

www.publications.gov.sk.ca


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Introduction Plowing and Sanding operation is the timely removal of snow and ice from the highway system

with specialized equipment and material. The objective is to maintain the highway system in a

snow and ice free condition, as economically as possible; and within the limits of the approved

policy for snow and ice removal.

Normal Practice Do not begin road work when visibility is less than 200 m (as defined by Environment Canada).

This can be determined locally or from a nearby weather station. If equipment is already

operating on the road and the visibility is fluctuating around 200 m or is marginally less than

200 m, operation can be continued. If visibility drops to 100 m or below, then equipment

should be removed from the road at the nearest safe location.

Only emergency work (protection from injury or death) is carried out when visibility is less than

the visibility listed above. This work should only be performed after consultation with local

police and/or medical personnel, and with proper authorization.

All appropriate flashing lights on winter maintenance equipment must be in use whenever

equipment is operating. Snow removal and sanding operations around the major urban centers

should start 2 to 3 hours earlier than the normal time to provide reasonable service for the

early morning traffic.

Snowplows are to operate in the same direction as the traffic movement. The only exception

would be clean-up operation, where adequate traffic control is provided; Refer to "Winter

Clean Up" SOP. (For Example: use of snow blower, cleaning meridians and pulling snow banks.)

Whenever passing becomes hazardous, working equipment should pull over and stop, at least

every 10 km, to allow safe passing. Carry at least 2 m3 of sand or sand salt mix in the back of

the truck box to counter balance the weight of the snow plow and for emergency use on danger

spots. Ensure that sight triangles at intersections are clear of piled snow, so motorists' vision is

not obstructed.

EQUIPMENT MUST STOP AT RAILWAY CROSSING TO ENSURE IT IS SAFE TO

CROSS AND PLOWS OR BLADE CLEARS THE TRACK

Danger Spots The treatment and removal of snow and ice from weigh scale sites and approaches are carried

out as soon as practical after the driving lanes of secondary highways are cleared and treated.

Sand and salt easily damages the scales; therefore, these treatments should be limited to the

approaches and a short section of the ramps to and from the scales.

Some danger spots an operator should be aware about are as follows;


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Interchanges

Junctions

Steep grades

Sharp curves

Railroad crossings

Bridges and their approaches

intersections with stop signs

Pre-Trip Inspection A pre-shift inspection must be completed and documented at the start of each work day. This

includes a complete visual inspection of the equipment and the surrounding area to ensure that

no worker is endangered by the start-up of the equipment. If there are any defects or out-of-

service items, these must be reported immediately to your supervisor. Some examples of

legally mandatory items include a horn or other audible warning device, effective braking

system, seat-belts, etc. The Ministry expects that immediate steps are taken to eliminate

unnecessary risks with defective equipment

Approach

Inspect the equipment for leaks underneath that may indicate a problem (coolant,

engine oil, transmission fluid or gear oil)

Inspect the unit for any act of vandalism

Ensure the tires are of good pressure and not flat

Observe for loose or broken bolts

Check leaf springs for cracks

Under the Hood

Check Engine Oil Level and top up as needed

Check coolant level and top up as needed

Check all belts for proper tension and condition

Inspect differential and transmission for observable damages

Check fuel pump sediment bowl and fuel filters; if water is present, remove it

Make sure radiator is clear of obstruction

Check air cleaner and filter gauge

SAFETY NOTE IS TO NEVER START AN ENGINE BEFORE DOING UNDER HOOD

CHECKS.

Walk Around

Check frame/sub frames and connection including plow and wing

Ensure no studs or nuts are bent or broken


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Make sure the truck is clean with no cracks or leaks

Ensure all lights are functioning (head, plow, tail, clearance, back up, signal brake,

hazard, rotary, wig wag’s, sander/wing, fog)

In Cab Checks

Adjust the seat, mirrors and steering wheel

Remove/secure all loose objects

Keep glass clean

Proper operation of all switches and gauges

Ensure an effective braking and parking device

Be familiar with transmission and controls

Ensure horn and audible back up alarm are functioning

Air Brake Inspection Park the vehicle on level ground with the park brake set, the wheels blocked and the air tanks

drained (If possible).

Check security and condition of compressor, belts and airlines under hood.

Start engine and let air pressure build up.

With wheels blocked, release park brakes.

Check brake adjustments (push rod travel) manually. Adjust if necessary.

Verbally explain the proper procedure for adjusting an automatic slack adjuster.

Governor operation (be sure spring brakes are released):

cut-out pressure 115-135 psi (793-931 kPa)

cut-in pressure; fan brakes until compressor cuts in at a minimum of 80 psi (560

kPa)

Charge trailer system and rebuild pressure. Shut off engine.

Break service line (no air loss should occur).

Break supply line:

trailer brakes should apply immediately

there should be no air loss from trailer line

air from truck should shut off at a minimum pressure of 20 psi (138 kPa)

Reconnect lines, charge trailer and rebuild pressure.

At maximum pressure:

release park brake

shut off engine

Make and hold full foot-brake application:

maximum air loss after initial application is 4 psi (28 kPa) in one minute

listen for audible air leaks

With ignition key on, fan brakes to lower air pressure:

low warning system should operate at minimum 55 psi (379 kPa)


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trailer-supply valve should shut off air to trailer at a minimum of 20 psi (138 kPa)

truck park-brake valve should shut off minimum 20 psi (138 kPa). On some

vehicles the button may not pop out until the pressure drops as low as 7 psi (48

kPa). However, always ensure the spring brakes have been fully applied.

Start engine and rebuild air system on truck only. Time the build-up from 50-90 psi (345-

620 kPa). It should be less than three minutes at a maximum of 1,200 rpm.

Four final tests:

with trailer emergency brakes applied and truck park brakes released, try to

gently pull ahead to test emergency application of trailer brakes

charge trailer, apply park brakes on the truck only and try to gently pull ahead

release park brakes, move slowly ahead and apply trailer brakes with hand valve,

if equipped

move slowly ahead and make foot-brake application

NOTE: Repeat hand and foot-valve test on both sides of unit checking for response and, in

winter, for frozen wheels

Starting the Engine Most plowing and sanding equipment start by simply turning the ignition key. There are some

things to check before attempting to start the engine:

Ensure park brake is engaged

Hydraulic controls are in neutral position

Make sure all is clear and anyone around you know you are starting the engine

The supervisor or trainer will show you the proper procedure for the plow truck you will

be operating

Start engine and check gauges

Allow ample time for engine to warm up. This is a great opportunity to fill out the pre-

trip documentation

SAFETY NOTE IS TO MAKE SURE YOU KNOW HOW TO SHUT DOWN THE

ENGINE IN CASE OF TROUBLE

Ether This is a volatile liquid that is highly flammable and used as a starting aid for different units,

including the loader. This liquid is usually used in extremely cold temperature when the engine

is having trouble starting; usually when it’s cranking. These are the things you should know

about ether as a starting aid

1. Always use ether in small quantities:

2. Use ether only when engine is cranking; and


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3. Never use ether after the engine has fired up.

There are also several kind of pre-heating devices. Some heat the cylinder; others heat the air

entering the intake manifold. Most pre-heating devices get turned on by the key and you need

to wait for the indicator light to go out before attempting to start the engine.

Note: Most newer trucks have pre-heating devices and you should never use ether

Hydraulics

Hydraulic fluids are used to power motors and lifting rams by a pump

Hydraulic tank stores and helps cool fluids

Cleanliness is a must when dealing with hydraulics

Use card board to check for leaks

Ensure all leaks are repaired with caution because hydraulics may be under high

pressure

Hydraulic fluid is flammable

Before removing cap, shut down engine and make sure oil is cool

Use funnels with filters and screens

Do not overfill tank

Safe Plow and Sanding Operation

Policies and Procedures

Any time you use equipment, the key to a good day's work is proper maintenance of your

equipment. Your first task, at the beginning of your shift, is to check your unit and make sure

that it is ready to go. Make sure that your truck can put in a day's work by attending to little

problems before they become larger problems. This pre-start check includes the plow and the

sander. The plow takes quite a beating when in use and you have to make sure that the welds,

braces and pins are in good condition. Let all sander motors run for a few minutes to make sure

that everything is in good condition, and operational.

Pre-check all controls There are several models of control consoles throughout the ministry. You must make sure that

you know where the controls are located and that motors respond in the proper direction.

Sloppy response to the controls may indicate a problem which should be attended to.

Once you have made sure that all your controls operate properly, you are ready to begin work.

Automatic transmission caution:

Under severe load conditions, your automatic transmission fluid may have a tendency to

become very hot. If your transmission overheats: pull off the road; put the transmission in

neutral; set the idle at 1500 rpm; allow the temperature to return to normal. Automatic

transmissions have a hold gear which will control unnecessary shifting up and down, better


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controlling excessive heating of the transmission (refer to truck specific manual for this

information).

Reporting on Road Conditions Operations will normally be carried out in order of priority, Level 1 – 3.

Level 1 – Major Arterial Highways and other highways with AADT > 1500

Level 2 – Minor Arterial Highways, collector highway, local highway and ancillary

services with AADT between 300-1500

Level 3 – Rural Road Class 2-5 Regional highways with AADT < 300

There are three main operations of the winter maintenance program where a service level is

identified. They are:

1. Snow Removal

2. Ice Control

3. Miscellaneous Winter Maintenance

These 3 operations will be described in detail below.

Snow Removal Standard Snow removal involves the removal of snow pack and/or slush by mechanical means. There are

two major snow removal operations; Storm Conditions, and Storm Clean-up.

Storm Conditions

During and after storm conditions the objectives is to allow reasonable travel on the driving

lanes. The driving lane on four lane divided highways is the right lane.

Level 1

Level 1 highways should have snow removal on the driving lanes within 6 hours of the cessation

of the storm. Extended hours may be required to achieve this level in extreme circumstances.

The guideline to initiate snowplowing on level 1 highways is when 3 cm of snow has

accumulated on the driving lanes. Once initiated snowplowing will continue until cessation of

the storm event or until the department determines that resources cannot keep up with storm

conditions. At such time, a decision may be made to remove resources from the highway until

storm conditions improve.

Level 2

Level 2 highways should have snow removal within 12 hours of the cessation of the storm.

Extended hours may be required to achieve this level in extreme circumstances. The guideline

to initiate snowplowing on level 2 highways is when 3 cm of snow has accumulated on the

driving lanes. Once initiated snowplowing will continue until cessation of the storm event or

until the department determines that resources cannot keep up with storm conditions. At such


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time, a decision may be made to remove resources from the highway until storm conditions

improve. Snowplowing should commence when resources are available without jeopardizing

service on Level 1 highways.

Level 3

Level 3 highways should have snow removal within 24 hours of the cessation of the storm

event. Snowplowing should commence when resources are available without jeopardizing

service on Level 1 and Level 2 highways.

Ice Control Standard Ice control is the application of sand, salt and/or chemical mixtures on the driving surface to

add traction and aid in the removal of snow and ice. Sand, salt and chemical mixtures are

applied when conditions are appropriate to aid in the removal or prevention of snow and ice

buildup in the travel lanes. Only the minimum amount of salt should be used to effectively

provide the necessary snow and ice control. Maximum time limits for the treatment of ice for

various program elements can be found in the winter maintenance manual (Material Usage

302-1). Application rates of salt can also be found in the document.

Level 1

Level 1 highways should have ice control or have been assessed for ice control within 6 hours of

the cessation of the storm.

Level 2

Level 2 highways should have ice control or have been assessed for ice control within 12 hours

of the cessation of the storm.

Level 3

Level 3 highways should have ice control or have been assessed for ice control within 24 hours

of the cessation of the storm.

Miscellaneous Winter Maintenance Standard Activities related to winter work that include road surveillance, sanding of approaches, hauling

of snow, field ridging, snow fencing, sweeping winter sand off the road surface and producing

minor amounts of treated winter sand. These activities will occur when the Snow Removal and

Ice Control Standards have been satisfied.

Road Surveillance

The minimum level of surveillance for all highways when good winter driving conditions exist is

defined below.


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Level 1

Daily surveillance on Level 1 highways. The type of surveillance performed on Level 1 highways

shall include a minimum of daily road inspections on highways with Annual Average Daily

Traffic (AADT) > 5000 and weekly road inspections on highways with AADT < 5000.

Level 2

Weekly road inspections on Level 2 highways

Level 3

Weekly road inspections on Level 3 highways that require winter maintenance. Surveillance

frequency may increase as weather conditions change and there is potential for deteriorating

road conditions. Road surveillance will be conducted as detailed in MPPM Section 2202-3

Winter Surveillance.

Terminology One of the big problems a supervisor might have is an employee reporting on road conditions

with things like: "Pretty bad - lousy driving - rotten day mess “. All these expressions don't

really mean a thing to your supervisor who is twenty kilometers away. When you are asked to

report on conditions you should be prepared to use a common language which everyone

understands. All the expressions are easy to understand so there is little need to explain. If you

are not clear as to what is meant by the expressions, ask your supervisor.

Some examples of good expressions for reporting on road conditions are as follows:

(SEE Appendix A for their definitions)

Winter Conditions Exists

Seasonal Driving Conditions

Slush

Ice Covered

Icy or Slippery Sections

Wet/freezing

Pavement Frost

Drifting Snow

Swirling snow

Loose Snow

Heavy Snow

Snow Packed

Snow Drifts

Travel Not Recommended

Closed

Fog

Visibility Zero

Visibility Poor

Visibility Reduced

Visibility Good

CORRECT REPORTING OF CONDITIONS WILL ENABLE YOUR SUPERVISOR TO GIVE

YOU PROPER DIRECTIONS, AND ENSURE A CORRECT ROAD REPORT TO THE

MOTORING PUBLIC.


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Collecting Data Every field personnel at each maintenance section shall provide a report of road conditions by

6:30 am to their area office. The area office coordinator will update the Telenium system as

soon as all information is in, but no later than 7:30 a.m. The Saskatoon, Kenaston, Findlater,

Moose Jaw and Regina Maintenance Sections will update the Telenium system directly no later

than 6:00 a.m. Maintenance Sections will provide further updates to the Area offices no later

than 9:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m., if necessary.

DURING SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS, UPDATES SHALL BE PROVIDED AS

CONDITIONS CHANGE.

Metering Devices The boxes equipped with conveyors and spinners also have metering controls. These will

regulate the sand or salt that you are discharging. Make sure all hydraulic fittings that are not in

use are blanked or are doubled back into one another where possible. This minimizes dirt and

debris from entering the fittings.

Hydraulic Control Levers and Rocker Panel These controls are mounted in the cab of the truck; accessible to the operator and allows the

operator to regulate the speed of the spinner and conveyor. Note the rotary dials shown in

figure 1. This is an electrically operated system which controls the vehicle’s hydraulics.

Figure 1: Rexroth 440

Figure 2 is a standard configuration that was used from 1990 to 1999 on deportment units. Air

valves activated by the levers controlled the hydraulic valves. Light, safety stand and hydro-

drum are activated by the white rocker switches


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Figure 2: Air over hydraulic controls

Figure 3 is a system that was commonly used prior to the late 90’s on department fleet. This

system regulated the flow of hydraulic oil to the spinner and conveyor by rotary dials. The

higher the number, the more oil flows, the faster the attachment turned. The control is located

adjacent to the right side of the driver’s seat. One of the disadvantages of this control was the

unit got hot with usage, due to restricted oil flow.

Figure 3: Rotary dial valve controls

Compu-Spread (REXROTH) This controller is used by the operator to regulate application of material. Notice the rotary

dials that adjust the speed of the spinner and conveyor. The rotary dials on the #230 serve the

same function as the dials on the Hydraulic Flow Control Value in the previous picture.

Figure 4: Compu-Spread


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Storm Guard System This system works the same as the other two systems the only difference is the on-dash screen

display.

Figure 5: Storm Guard controls

Sander Box There are several types of sanders used by the Ministry of Highways & Infrastructure that will

be noted in this manual. Their features will be identified in the following pages. The Two-Way

Box Sander, The Hopper Sander, The Side Dump (Tenco Box) Sander and the Hydro-drum will

be discussed further.

Two-Way Box Sander This type of box is able to tilt to the back or front depending on operator preference. Sand

material can be dispersed from the front by way of the chain conveyor and the spinner (the

preferred method) or through the Hydro Drum attachment mounted on the rear.

The advantage of this unit is that when the box is tipped forward as shown in figure 6 the

material is discharged in front of the drive wheels. This provides traction for the unit on adverse

road surfaces.

When unloading after sanding has been completed for the day, make sure the hydraulic lines

that are affected are disconnected (2 way boxes).

Figure 6: Two-Way Box Sander


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Hopper Sander Hopper sanders come in different sizes. The larger ones (11 meters) are frame mounted on the

bigger tandem axle units. The medium size hoppers (8 meters) are used without removing the

truck box. Some smaller hoppers are also available for single axle trucks. The hopper has a main

conveyor and a cross conveyor as shown in figure 7The main conveyor runs the length of the

hopper to feed the cross conveyor which, in turn, feeds the spinner. All sander motors are

powered by the hydraulic system and controlled by switches on the console. With the belly

sanders there is only one conveyor, the main conveyor. This type of Sander has the unique

quality for sanding in City & Town areas where overhead power & telephone lines are a

problem. Since 2001, the "Hopper" box has become a standard for the department tandem

truck fleet.

Figure 7: The Hopper Sander

Side-Dump Box Common suppliers for this type of truck box are Tenco, LA Rochelle, Dutch Industries, A.T.

Manufactures, and B.W.S. This box has some excellent safety features for City & Town

operation and for treating slippery roads because it places the weight and sand out on the

driver’s side without lifting the box. This improves stability, eliminates the hazard of low wires,

and discharges material in front of the unit drive wheels for improved traction.

Figure 8: The Side-dump Box


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Side-Dump Box Caution:

Never use the floor to move the load when loading with a small tractor. (This action can

spread the sides of the truck box, bending the rear posts.)

Remember the open cover gate over chain before loading.

Never work under the box without proper safety bars in place.

Hinge pin has to be greased regularly.

Cover gate over conveyor chain hinge has to be greased.

Never attempt to dislodge an object without shutting the unit down. Zero Energy

Never attempt to haul large rocks or boulders. These might cause damage to the floor

and side walls of box.

NEVER OPEN THE TAIL GATE WITH THE SIDE FLOOR RAISED. THIS TENDS TO

BEND THE REAR POST.

The Hydro-Drum This is an attachment used for the standard (one-way) truck boxes, and is also used on the Two-

way, Side-Dump and Hopper Boxes for sealing during the summer months.

The hydro-drum is not recommended to be used for winter sanding operation. The

disadvantage is the truck box has to be raised to feed the hydro-drum and the material is

discharged behind the drive wheels. This becomes a safety issue on adverse driving surfaces

and weather conditions. Figure 9 show a basic "under slung" hydro drum, used on most of the

truck fleet. The truck box is raised by the operator to allow the material to be discharged out

through the rotating drum.

Figure 9: The Hydro-Drum


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LOWER THE TRUCK BOX AND SHUT THE TRUCK ENGINE OFF BEFORE LEAVING

THE OPERATORS SEAT TO MAKE ADJUSTMENTS OR REMOVE DEBRIS FROM

CONVEYORS OR SANDERS. ZERO ENERGY

Sander Operation If plowing can be described as a task requiring skill, operating a sander has to be described as

an art. An experienced operator can control the application rate, the distance covered and the

pattern of spreading. This is accomplished by controlling the speed and the direction of the

spinner and by adjusting the rate of application. Newer controllers should be operated in

automatic allowing for better consistency. Both the Rexroth 440 and the storm guard systems

have the ability to operate in automatic. While all this is taking place, you also have to

remember that the sander motors are run by the hydraulic pump. The speed you travel and

engine rpm also affect the sanding operation. The decision to sand or not to sand is a

complicated one to make. You have to take into account a great number of things before

making your decision.

Temperature

At various temperatures, it is often necessary to sand. Salt is usually ineffective (a waste of

time) at temperatures below -80 C to -10"C unless treated with a pre-wetting solution. Salt that

has been pre-wetted begins to work quicker at a lower temperature and has better retention

by not being blown off the road. Sand alone will not improve traction at lower temperatures

because it usually gets blown off the road, sand can also be pre-wetted for better results.

Pre-Wetting

The pre-wetting system can be turned on or off depending on the conditions if you think you

need it. Pre-spray nozzles aimed into conveyor.

Figure 10: Pre-Wetting System


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Traffic

Heavily traveled areas will either blow sand off the road or grind it into the surface depending

on the temperature. If it is cold and there is a lot of wind, sanding is a waste of time because

the sand is blown off the road, or not in the correct location. Sanding is usually used in

temperatures below -10 and may require a pre-wet to melt and refreeze sand to the road

providing traction.

Another important point to consider is the weather forecast. Is it going to get colder or

warmer? Is the wind expected to pick up or calm down? Is it going to be cloudy or sunny? If you

salt and sand and then the weather suddenly changes, you may end up with a lot of ice or snow

accumulation on the road.

Location

The location will also influence the decision to sand or not to sand. You may have to sand some

areas and not others because of the time of day and the amount of sunshine. It may be a good

idea to sand in the morning and foolish to do it three hours later ... and then again, the exact

opposite may also be true.

Geography

Saskatchewan has a great diversity of climate and weather conditions. What is true for one

district may be completely wrong for the other.

As you can see, there are many factors to be taken into consideration before you can make a

decision to sand or not to sand. Quite often, your supervisor will discuss the matter with other

experienced employees before deciding whether to sand or not.

Know your Sander No two sanders will function in the same way. One sander will give you a good pattern at a

given setting and a given speed while another will react in a completely different way at the

same setting.

The Spinner: The spinner can be rotated right or left. The rotation can greatly influence the

pattern. The spinner must always be activated first when starting sanding

operations. Check for function and direction of rotation.

The Shield: Another way to adjust the pattern is to raise, lower or rotate the shield on the

spinner.

The Auger: The rate of application will also be controlled by the speed of the auger. The

faster the auger, the more material you apply. The auger should not be activated

unless the spinner is in motion.


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Conveyors: The conveyor(s) control the flow to the spinner. Always activate (or deactivate)

the sander motors in proper sequence in order to avoid blockage. Ensure

adequate tension on conveyor chain. A pause switch that starts and stops the

conveyors and spinners at the same time is usually used for sander operation.

Activate the spinner

Activate the cross conveyor (if applicable)

Activate the main conveyor

The Gate: The rate of application is also adjusted by the opening of the gate which controls

the flow to the spinner. The wider the gate opening, the more material is applied

Checking the sanders

Visually check the conveyors to make sure they are free of obstructions

Check that the spinner is free and the shield is adjusted properly

Check the conveyors and the chains for proper tension

Check the operation of the revolving and wig-wag lights

Check all hydraulic lines and connections for leaks, damage and wear

When the initial check is made and the engine is started,

Make sure area is clear and no persons are close, when checking sander functions.

Always check sander function for proper operation before loading the box with material.

Check gear boxes for leaks

Check spinners, conveyors, chain and Hydro-Drum, (if applicable) to see if they turn

properly

Sanding Curves Both driving lanes should be sanded on curves and when salting. The salt should be placed as

close to the high side of the curve as possible. When it is impractical to sand both lanes for lack

of sand, the following method is the best, as some of the sand will get thrown downward with

traffic. You will notice in figure 11 that the majority of the material is placed on the right side of

the curve. A small amount is still applied to the inside wheel path on the inside lane


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Figure 11: Sanding Curves on driving lanes

On a straightway

Sanding is usually concentrated on the crown of the road. The crown of a properly shaped road

is elevated so that water can run to both sides. In winter, the brine formed by salt and the

melting snow and ice will also run to both sides of the road. This also gives one-wheel path for

each vehicle on the treated surface. In the case of multiple-lane highways, the crown is usually

in the middle of the road surface and you would be sanding one lane or two lanes at a time

starting with the lanes closest to the crown.

Downhill

Traveling downhill can be quite an experience at times. One way to control your speed and to

minimize danger is to select a transmission gear which will help you maintain proper speed. If

your unit has an Allison automatic transmission, make sure you select a holding gear; otherwise

the transmission will automatically shift up as you pick up speed. Note, engine retarders are not

recommended for use if winter conditions exists.

Stability

Special care must be taken while operating the two-way or conventional sander truck during

sanding operations. Since you have to raise the box in order to sand, the center of gravity is

raised to the point where the truck becomes unstable. You must be careful to control your

speed in situations where the truck could tilt sideways (curves, running a wheel off the

pavement etc.).

Overhead

Don't forget that you need a lot more clearance when sanding with a two-way or conventional

box truck. Fully raised, you may need as much as 6 meters of clearance. Beware of wires and

underpasses.


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Truck Mounted Plows Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways & Infrastructure uses 4 different types of Plows. The one-

way, the roll-over, the Reverse-A-Cast, and the under slung. Many of our units also have wing

attachments to increase efficiency. Over the past years our shops have worked to standardize

the plow attachments on all trucks so they will accommodate all plows and are quick and easy

to hook-up and un-hook.

The following is a description of each plow, the capabilities, adjustments, and features to

provide for safe effective operation.

The One-Way Plow This plow casts the snow in only one direction (to the right) as the name implies. These plows

have various widths of cut and should be checked to ensure the width is what you expect.

These plows are also equipped with shoes or wheels. The following pages will cover important

issues on proper operation.

As the name implies, the plow can only discharge in one direction. It has a cylinder that lifts and

lowers it on the road surface as required by the operator. Note the rubber flop that is attached

to the upper edge of the scoop as shown in figure 12. This is designed to minimize the snow

from coming over the top of the plow back onto the truck.

Figure 12: The One-Way Plow

The attack angle is set and maintained by adjusting the telescopic moldboard brace.

Lengthening the brace will increase the angle of attack, shortening it will decrease the angle of

attack. Frink, London and Tenco all advise that the pin that we have been calling a shear pin is

not a shear pin. However, if the pin does break, the moldboard will drop forward. Therefor a

good quality chain must connect the moldboard to the push frame as shown in figure 13.


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Figure 13: Chain connecting the moldboard to the push frame

Tipping the moldboard forward to a 55 or 60-degree angle will reduce the chances of digging in.

The trip mechanism is only effective if the plow is equipped with shoes or casters. This is in

accordance with Manufacturers Specifications. This will minimize pushing the plow unit

sideways, when plow trips. Attach the lift chains to the lifting beam using the double grab links.

Adjust the chains so that the leading or nose end picks up just ahead of the heel or discharge

end. This prevents the nose from "digging in", when the plow is lifted or lowered. When the

proper setting has been found, mark the links so the correct links are used when remounting

the plow. Finally make sure that all fasteners, bolts, nuts, cotter pins, lock rings etc. are secured

properly.

The Roll-Over Plow This plow has the ability to cast snow in either direction. With the use of hydraulic cylinders in a

drum it will roll over from side to side.

This plow has only small skids mounted on the frog of the plow that have carbide inserts or are

hard surfaced. Both top and bottom have carbide tipped blades. This type of plow does not

have a safety or tripping device and their use should be confined to paved surfaces. Unlike the

one-way plow it has hydraulic couplers to disconnect and connect when unhooking and

hooking up to the truck.


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Figure 14: The Roll-Over Plow

As the name suggests, this type of plow rolls 1800 from side to side to allow for left or right

discharge. Hydraulic cylinders enclosed in the center of the plow frame are activated by the

operator to move scoop to desired position.

Midmount Plow (Under Slung) The Midmounted Blade is designed primarily for the removal of snow drifts along roadways.

The blade operates by utilizing an air over hydraulic system. The air (upper) side of cylinders

provides an added downward pressure along with cushioning effect for the blade while

operating. The hydraulic (lower) side of cylinders provides necessary lifting of the blade for

height adjustment and transport, and along with the adjusting chain, controls the height of the

cutting edge.

Caution must be exercised when roadways get soft as these plows will tend to dig in. The mid

mount blade tends to give operator's unobstructed view as the plow is behind the cab. As with

Drag Plows you won't get the swirling snow in operator’s sight line.

Plow must be adjusted with a partial load of sand. If adjusted without a load there will be a

greater down pressure when loaded Unit is equipped with a safety that will lift blade if it senses

blade is digging in.

Figure 15: The Mid-mount/Under Slung Plow


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ALWAYS MAKE SURE BLADE IS RAISED BEFORE BACKING OUT OF SHOP

The Revers-a-cast This plow has the ability to cast snow in either left or right direction, or can be used as a dozer

for straight ahead pushing. It is also equipped with special trip devices to protect it from

damage. Like the roll-over plow it has hydraulic couplers that have to be disconnected and

connected when unhooking and hooking up to the truck.

Figure 16: The Revers-a-cast Plow

Revers-a-cast (Left)

This plow is still in use in some locations. It has hydraulic cylinders that turn the plow left or

right. There are also cylinders that lift and lower the discharge ends of the scoop. The scoop of

this plow is mode of hard flexible plastic which allows movement.

The Monroe, WBM, ATI, Henderson, and Highway plows also have the ability to plow in both

directions and push like a dozer. This makes all of them very versatile in cleanup operation.


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Tenco Plow This type of plow has a flexible upper scoop. The hydraulic cylinder in the center of the scoop

pivots the scoop for left or right discharge.

Figure 17: Tenco Plow

Plow Float Since the year 2000 the ministry has included the addition of the “power float”, for snow plows,

on the new hydraulic systems in the winter truck fleet. This power float has a number of

benefits;

Reduced blade wear

Reduced damage to the road surface

Reduced fuel consumption

Increased vehicle maneuverability on icy surfaces

Figure 18: Power Float


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The arrow in figure 18 indicates the position of plow float sensor on push frame. The on/off

rocker switch which activates the power float can be seen on the right side of the console. The

activation light which shines yellow when activated is in the top right corner of the console

above the power float switch.

The following, is the recommended procedure for adjusting and setting the power float. Lower

the plow down to the ground and place 2 pieces of 2x4 wood under the blade keep it 1" - 1 ½”

off the ground. Turn the power float on. Position the sensor so the power float activation light

just goes out at this plow position. The sensor must be mounted not less than 10 mm from the

metal lift arm.

THE KEY POINT IS THAT THE POWER FLOAT IS INTENDED TO REDUCE THE

LIKELY HOOD OF DIG IN’S WHEN USED PROPERLY

Personal Safety In spite of the fact that you maintain your equipment in top condition, there are still plenty of

situations where you may be exposed to hazards. Here are a few tips from the pros.

ALWAYS dress properly for the weather conditions

NEVER rely entirely on the cab heater for survival

ALWAYS ease off the accelerator if you suddenly enter a white out

NEVER make a sudden move if you can't see properly

ALWAYS be on the lookout for the unexpected

NEVER assume that the way is clear

Size

Your ability to judge distance becomes very important when operating near posts, railings,

bridges and curbs. Hitting such obstacles at any speed could cause a lot of damage and/or

injury. The operator must be aware of the extra length the plow adds to the front of the truck.

and the additional width of the wing.

Speed

The type of snow and the weather conditions will dictate your speed. Don't forget that snow

drifts usually consist of hard packed snow and hitting them too fast could cause the truck to

swerve and damage to the plow can result. Or in some cases the unit could be pushed into the

opposing lane of traffic. Some operators have found themselves suddenly on the wrong side of

the road after hitting a snow drift. Excessive speed and the right wind conditions will also

produce a “cloud” of snow in front of you which can obstruct your vision. The cloud of snow is

also greater behind you. The Ministry recommends a maximum of 40km/h when treating and a

maximum of 60km/h when plowing.


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IF YOU CAN’T SEE THE TRAFFIC THEY CAN’T SEE YOU

Steering

The truck will not handle in the usual manner when you start plowing snow. You will find that

the steering response is slower and that you may have a tendency to over-steer or over-correct.

You have to stay alert and keep in mind that a severe steering correction could send you

shooting across the road into oncoming traffic. The danger is especially great if you ever run a

wheel off the pavement. Avoid jerking the steering, slow down and pull out gradually. You can

resume your speed when you are back on solid pavement

Plow Hang-ups

During a plowing operation, you lower the plow and run the blade on the pavement. There are

some important exceptions to this. You must stop at all railroad tracks; raise your plow in order

to clear the tracks. Failure to do so could bring your truck to a sudden stop resulting in

equipment damage and personal injury. If your plow does contact a railroad track the

supervisor must be notified. The proper authority, either CN Rail or CP Rail must be informed of

the situation. Many bridges and overpasses may also present a hazard to the plow make sure

you know the bridges in your area and that you raise your plow as required. At times, the

expansion joint at the end of the bridge may change in height due to temperature change or

frost. This causes a ridge for the plow to catch on.

See and be Seen

The key to your safety and that of the motoring public is visibility. People have to be able to see

you, and you have to be able to see other vehicles. Make sure that all your lights, including the

rear flashers, your windshield and mirrors stay clean. This means that you will have to pull off

the road from time to time to clean them. It's is recommended to stop every 2 hours to stretch

your legs and check your vehicle. This gives you a good opportunity to stretch and ease the

built-up tension in your shoulders and back.

STOP AND CLEAN LIGHTS AND WINDOWS AS REQUIRED FOR BEST VISIBILITY

The revolving light and the rear wig-wag lights are used to make the highways safer for the

public as well as for yourself and your fellow workers. These lights alert motorists to the fact

that there is equipment working on or near the highway. Overuse or abuse of these lights

creates public indifference

Use the revolving light when you are plowing and sanding


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Use the revolving lights when driving the vehicle with a plow or wing attachment (such a

vehicle is classed as over-dimension). Use lights as per policy MP & SM 304-1

Use the revolving light when you are parked on the side of the road and doing some

work nearby

DO NOT use the revolving light when you are traveling down the highway without a

plow or wing and not performing any work

DO NOT use the 4 way flashers when performing work on the highway

In the best of weather conditions, backing up can be hazardous; backing up a plow truck on the

highway in the middle of a snowstorm can create problem. Ensure back up lights and alarm is

functioning properly as noted in the circle check.

Normally, approaches are cleaned after a storm but if the accumulation of snow on a side road

presents a danger to motorists you may have to clean the approach during the storm. Storm or

no storm, extreme care must be taken when backing up. Remember there are blind spots

around your vehicle and that you must keep a constant watch on the ever-changing traffic

situation behind you in order to be able to operate safely. You are much better off to go to the

next approach and turn around to make the extra pass or clean the approach.

While plowing a divided highway, you should avoid backing up. As a rule, tandem plowing will

be used to plow these highways and their interchanges. It is recommended by the ministry that

a distance of 1 km be maintained between plow trucks when plowing in tandem.

Priorities

Each maintenance section has different priorities. You will have to pay special attention to hills,

dangerous curves and important intersections. The level of service (and the speed at which

service is dispensed) depends on the safety requirements and the number of motorists which

use a certain road. Your goal is to restore the road surface to safe conditions as quickly as

possible or, to restore the roadway to an acceptable condition so that people can travel in

relative safety.

Truck Mounted Snow Wing The wing is used to provide additional plowing widths, clear accumulations of snow from

shoulders and remove snow banks and drifts from the road surface. The snow that is

discharged from a plow truck's front mounted plow is picked up by the wing and pushed further

back or off to the side of the road surface. The width of the road cleared of snow is thereby

increased in a single pass of the truck unit.

Responsibilities Prior to winter operations, the Supervisor and/or Equipment Operator should ensure the wing

is in good working order and any necessary repairs are made before the unit is used. During the


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winter, the operator is responsible for ensuring that subsequent repairs are attended to and

the unit is maintained in a safe operable condition.

Operators are to ensure the unit is inspected daily at the beginning of their shift and

periodically throughout the working day. This practice will enable the operator to identify any

hazards or defects that may affect the safe operation or integrity of the unit. If any hazards or

defects are noted, then the operator is responsible to ensure that required steps are taken to

correct them.

Adequate orientation and training must be provided to ensure operators understand and know

how to operate and maintain the wing correctly

Inspection Before a wing is put into operation, the equipment must be checked and inspected to ensure it

is in satisfactory and safe condition. The following defects if noted should be scheduled for

repairs or replacement. .

Damaged or worn blades/shoes

Cracked, bent or excessively rusted mounted bracket for wing braces

Cracked or broken welds

Damage to front wing mast, hydraulic cylinder, lines.

Damage to rear lift cylinder/lines

Missing or defective safety chain

Breaks/cracks in telescoping wing brace and end joints

Damaged trip mechanism, mounting bolts, brackets and support members (cracked,

bent, work, rusted, etc.)

Any-damage to the main wing scoop

THE ABOVE INSPECTION MUST BE PERFORMED DAILY WHEN THE UNIT IS

USED TO ENSURE OPERATIONAL READINESS FOR SUBSEQUENT USAGE.

ANY DEFECTS MUST BE REPORTED TO THE SUPERVISOR AND CORRECTED.

Installation Guidelines for installation and removal are to be reviewed at each of the section locations.

These guidelines are to be relevant to the type of wing unit that is located at that section. This

is due to the fact there are different types of wings used within the Ministry. They are Tenco,

LaRochelle, Frink and shop built.

When installing or removing the wing, safe working practices and procedures are to be stressed

and adhered to at all time.


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Wing Operation An operator needs to be aware of the forces that will be put on the truck in a given situation.

With the wing on the truck it adds width and therefore more caution is needed. With the wing

down the snow/slush has a greater mechanical advantage over the truck. Both the "front

mount" wing and the "rear mount" wing may push the complete truck to the side, into the

adjacent driving lane. The rear of the truck may also be kicked out into the adjacent driving lane

which could cause a spin out. The operator must be ready for anything. It should also be noted

that some of the low volume, secondary road surfaces are too narrow to support the use of the

width of the wing when it is down in plowing mode. If, in the opinion of the operator, a road

surface is deemed too narrow to safely use the wing, then the wing should be lifted up into the

transport position. In this case, plowing can continue by using the front mounted plow.

Even though your plow truck may be equipped with a right and left wing, only one wing can be

used at a time and this is dictated by 2 lane or 4 lane plowing and lane positioning. If you are on

a 2 lane road you will only ever use the right wing. If you are on a 4 lane road you will use the

right wing when in the driving lane or the left wing in the passing lane.

Figure 19: Driving and Passing Lane on a 4-Lane highway

Before Plowing

The operator must check the wing to ensure that all mounting components are in safe

operating condition. This would be determined by inspecting the unit.

There must be sufficient blade and shoe material to perform the necessary plowing

operations.

The operator must be familiar with the "in-cab" controls, the wing functions effectively

and there is no leakage on hydraulic cylinders and lines.

During Plowing When lowering the wing, the heel (rear) of the wing must be lowered first as shown in figure

20. As the heel is lowered, it will swing out away from the truck. When the heel of the wing is a

sufficient distance away from the truck, then the toe (front) of the wing can be lowered.

Driving Lane Passing Lane


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Figure 20: Lowering the Wing

MAKE SURE THE HEEL OF THE WING COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE ROAD

SURFACE BEFORE THE TOE END.

When cleaning the road surface with the wing, do not keep the cylinders bottomed out. The

front and rear lift cylinders should be raised slightly to allow the wing to float. This will allow

the wing to progress over uneven surfaces without causing excess stress or downward pressure

on the unit. This also facilitates a faster lift of the wing if needed to be brought up quickly. Note

the space below the lift arm as shown in figure 21, this is the proper work position.

Figure 21: Appropriate spacing below lift arm of wing


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The push arm safety chains as shown in figure 22 must be in place at all time when operating

with a wing.

Figure 22: Push arm safety chains

When cleaning off shoulder DO NOT extend the entire wing over the edge. To do so could

cause increased strain, side push or cause the unit to "dig-in". Under normal operation, no

more than 2 feet of the wing should be extended over the shoulder edge. This will ensure that

the majority of the wing blade will be situated on a solid, level surface. The 2 feet that are

extended passed the edge of the road should not be allowed to dig in the ground, but should be

held up to ensure minimal stress on the unit. The left picture in figure 23 is the proper use of a

wing. The right image is incorrect; you should never dig in the ground with the wing.

Figure 23: Shoulder clean off with wing

DO

NOT

USE


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Caution should be used when plowing on gravel shoulders. The wing should not be used unless

the shoulder is hard (frozen) enough that the wing will not dig into the material. When in doubt

about the condition of the surface, reduce speed; the wing should be raised slightly on both the

front and rear so that it clears the ground surface and reduces the possibility of "dig-in".

THE WING HSOULD NOT BE USED ON A SOFT, UNFROZEN OR UNSTABLE

SURFACE CONDITION, DRIVING SURFAC OR SHOULDER

When not using the wing, it should be lifted and brought in as close to the truck unit as possible

to eliminate excessive over width. The safety chain should be attached to provide additional

means of support when transporting for long distances. This provides an additional safety

support in the event of an unplanned movement of the control lever or a failure in the

hydraulic system.

After Plowing

Wash the unit after each use to remove snow, salt, and/or sand accumulations.

Inspect the wing to ensure there is no damage and defects. Report to the Supervisor if

defects are noted. Repairs must be made to ensure the unit is operable for the next

time it is needed.

Replace worn blades or shoes as necessary (operator responsibility).

Lubricate, grease or service components as required.

If wing is to be removed, the required SOP guidelines are to be followed.

Railroad Crossing It is not recommended to use the wing when removing snow from and around a railroad

crossing. The ability for the operator to see what is happening with the wing, and the problem

of side distance/depth perception, create a difficult situation. To eliminate the possibility of

striking objections adjacent to the crossing such as signs, the operator should fold the wing to

the side of the truck. Clean up operations should then be performed using the front mounted

plow. In addition, it is not recommended to use the wing when removing snow from a bridge

deck or guard rails due to the extra width.

Left-hand Wings There are a number of left hand wings in various locations. These units are primarily used for

four-lane highways. However, when the unit is transported on a two-lane road way, it is vital

that the operator has the wing in the fully raised position, as close as possible to the side of the

truck. Even if the wing is partially lowered, then it could come close to an approaching vehicle,

which then presents a safety hazard. As a precautionary measure, if the truck unit is working on

a two-lane road way, either plowing with the front plow or in a sanding or salting mode, the

safety chain must be attached to the wing to prevent an unplanned / unwanted lowering of the

wing. Figure 24 illustrates the correct position for the unit while operating on a 4 lane highway


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Figure 24: Left-hand wing on a 4-lane highway

Wing Position The "transport" position is to be used when the wing is not in use and the unit will be

transported for a considerable distance. This position allows the wing to be closer to the side of

the truck unit, and hang below the passenger side window, thereby enabling the operator to

see out of the passenger side mirror.

Figure 25: Wing transport position

The "work" position places the wing farther out from the truck unit, and raises it above the

window height. Care and caution by the operator is important when the wing is in this position

as visibility on the passenger side may be affected.

Figure 26: Wing work position


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When the wing is moved from the "transport" position to the "work" position and back again,

the truck unit must be fully stopped. In the process of changing these positions, the support

arms to the rear of the wing are above the scoop. Therefore, there is no support behind the

scoop and frog assembly. Any backward pressure on the blade of the wing created by the truck

unit moving forward could cause the wing scoop to buckle and fold under.

UNIT MUST BE FULLY STOPPED WHEN MOVING WING FROM TRANSPORT

POSITION TO WORK POSITION AND BACK AGAIN

The nut on the support bolt must be kept tight at all times. There should be no gap between

the rear of the front wing pivot and the mating surface of the hinge assembly. A gap between

these two points could create significant vibration and chatter to the wing, which in turn

increases wear, stress and metal fatigue on adjoining components. Figure 27 is showing

excessive gap, there needs to be no gap but not so tight that it limits the ability to pivot.

Figure 27: Tight gap of wing hinge assembly

Remember: The operator is responsible for the correct and safe use of the wing. The wing

should never be carried half way between the fully raised and fully lowered position. Nor

should the wing be carried partially off the road surface if not being used. The wing should be

down on the surface when in the plowing mode, or fully up when it is not in use. With the wing

fully up, when not in use, it is then visible to the operator who is aware of its correct position.


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Fixed and 20” Hinge One (1) safety chain is welded at end of front sliding plate to chain shackle welded on side wing.

This chain is mounted with a fixed or 20" hinge and must be in place when in operation. The

Safety chain is attached from the front mast to the top of the wing scoop. The front of the wing

requires the use of a safety chain or depending on the manufacturer, it may require 2 chains.

This is an important safety feature on the wing as it helps to ensure the wing won’t swing out

into traffic if it becomes separated. This will minimize danger to both the operator and the

public.

Figure 28: Safety chain at end of front sliding plate

Pressure Relief Valve Since 2003, all Ministry of Highways wing attachments are equipped with a pressure relief valve

that is connected to the rear hydraulic cylinder that lifts and lowers the wing. This relief valve is

designed to release the pressure on the cylinder when 250 PSI is reached. This prevents the

operator from applying excessive downward force on the wing, which could cause the wing to

dig in and create severe damage. Relief in the valve is achieved by hydraulic pressure

overcoming spring pressure, which prevents the operator from applying more than the

necessary 250 PSI. downward force.

Requirements for certification

Pre-trip circle checks of the unit

Working position of wing and proper lifting/lowering procedures

Correct position and operation for plowing

Plowing speeds for varying conditions

Putting the unit in transport position

Shut down procedure and use of safety chain for travel or overnight storage

Ministry policy/safety precautions for operating on 2 lane and 4 lane highways.


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The Blades Plow blades are designed with 3 foot and 4 foot (1.22 m) lengths which have carbide insert.

Carbide is one of the hardest substances known to man. The insert prolongs the life of the

blades and allows many kilometers of blade-to-pavement plowing. Although the carbide insert

can last a long time, you have to monitor the condition of the blades to make sure there is

enough of the insert left. The blade, by itself, wears down very quickly and severe damage to

the frog can result. All plows use the same blades. When you check the plow blades for wear,

make sure you check all of them. There is really no rule of thumb as to which blade will wear

out first.

Figure 29: Blade assembly with frog and carbide insert

Check the Plow Pre-trip inspections must be performed, prior to using the equipment. Here's a true story. It's

early morning and the foreman gets on the phone to bring the crew in early. There has been a

storm overnight and the plows have to get to work before the morning traffic hits the road.

Employees rush in, start up their units and rush out to their assigned duties. Within half an hour

one employee is back in the yard, his blade is worn out, he has to replace it. Because the

operator didn't check his blade before leaving the shop, this employee has in fact wasted all

that time traveling to the work area only to find out that they had to return to the yard.

Plow checks must be completed as early as possible after plowing so that any damage or

repairs can be taken care of before the next shift. Checks must be repeated during the day

while plowing; a check every 2 hours is recommended.

check for damage to plow brackets

check the main pin and make sure it is properly secured

check the general condition of the plow frame

Carbide

Insert


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check the moldboard for cracks

check the blades, make sure all the bolts are secure

check the condition of the blade, estimate service time remaining

check hydraulic hose(s) for leaks, or wear or damage

make sure plow lights operate properly

check shoes, flap, chains, all pins and bolts for wear and damage

check wheels and grease them before starting "if applicable”

Changing of plow blades Checking the condition of the blades is very important. You cannot average the number of

hours or the number of kilometers blades are supposed to last. In some cases, if you are using

shoes, there will be less wear on the blades, but if you are plowing on coarse surfaces your

blades will wear out quickly. The only rule of thumb is that you have to check often to make

sure that you don't damage the frog on the plow. As soon as the carbide insert starts to chip

out of the blade or the insert gets down to 5-6 mm (1/4 in), ask your supervisor or an

experienced employee for their advice. Do not set out with a nearly worn out blade. When a

blade change is necessary, be sure to block the push frame of the plow with blocks or stands

and shown in figure 30. Always refer to the appropriate SOP for proper procedure and use of

PPE when changing blades.

Figure 30: Changing of plow blades

NEVER GET UNDER A PLOW THAT HAS BEEN LIFTED UP, UNLESS THE PLOW IS

SECURELY BLOCKED TO PREVENT DOWNWARD MOVEMENT


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Courtesy to Public Believe it or not, even in the middle of a snow storm while you are plowing, being considerate

is still important. When you think about it, good manners really amount to good sense and safe

working practices. You have the responsibility to uphold the Ministry Policy and Procedure and

comply with them. Check your mirrors frequently within reason; don’t allow traffic to build up

behind you. Slow down at regular intervals when it is safe to do so in order to allow traffic to

pass. It is recommended that you stop when safe at least every 10 KMS to let traffic go by.

Failure to do so could result in driver impatience and sooner or later someone will take a

chance and try to pass you at a time when visibility is poor.

When pulling off the road lift the plow before slowing down. This allows the snow cloud

created when plowing to be reduced. Slow down. Move out of the traveled path when slowing

down to prevent a vehicle behind you from rear ending your unit. Then pull over and let traffic

pass.

Within reason, you should try to control your speed to keep down the snow cloud which you

may produce. Special care must be taken when you notice pedestrians. Control your speed in

anticipation of this. Speed may also be a factor when you pass parked cars, private driveways,

intersections and road signs.

Vehicles on the road You will run across many situations when it comes to other vehicles on the road. Some people

get impatient following you when you plow or sand at a relatively low speed, sooner or later

someone behind you will try to pass. The motorist pulls out and then suddenly realizes that

they just run out of freshly plowed or sanded road. Quite often, the motorist in question will

hesitate and sit there by your side for several seconds. Be

patient, slow down, flip your sand switch off when you see the vehicle pull out and slow down

enough to let him pass. As soon as the coast is clear, switch the sand switch on, sand functions

will then return to normal operations

Switching off the Sander unit also applies to oncoming cars. In order to avoid throwing sand at

the vehicle you meet, shut down your sander for a few seconds.

Abandoned Vehicles You will, from time to time, come across vehicles which have been abandoned by the side of

the road. If a vehicle is left by the side of the road for more than 72 consecutive hours, the

vehicle will be deemed to have been abandoned and will be towed away. A vehicle may,

however, be removed if such a vehicle constitutes a present or potential hazard to person or

property. Maintenance personnel who observe such a vehicle must report the situation to the

SUPERVISOR or directly to the R.C.M.P. during the off hours. If the R.C.M.P. is unable to

respond, the vehicle may be removed to a safer location by our forces. If the vehicle cannot be

moved, additional signing and/or flares must be supplied to protect the public.


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Service to the public Your first priority is to plow and/or sand the highway, that's what you've been hired and trained

to do. However, as a highways employee you are also expected to assist stranded motorists by

forwarding messages through your GOS issue cell phones and by providing assistance in

emergency cases. Always inform your supervisor of any action taken or help given. In all

situations, you must weigh the nature of the emergency against the possible consequences of

not doing your work. It is not the policy of the ministry to tow vehicles belonging to others. In

an extreme situation where a stranded vehicle may pose a grave danger, you can tow the

vehicle out of the way but make sure that the owner of the towed vehicle is the one who

attaches the chain or the tow rope to his vehicle. If you have to do it because the owner of the

vehicle is unable to do so, make sure you attach the chain in accordance with the instructions of

the owner. The towed unit should be pulled to where it can be parked safely and where other

assistance can be obtained.

Park and Shutdown You must always lower the plow to the ground when you stop or park your truck for any length

of time. The only reason for leaving the plow up in the air when you’re not in the driver’s seat is

to check the condition of the blade. Follow these steps when parking the plow truck:

Stop the truck and put transmission in neutral

Apply parking brake

Lower plow to the ground

Ensure the wing has safety chain attached or is lowered to the ground

Make sure all controls are in neutral

NEVER GET UNDER A PLOW THAT HAS BEEN LIFTED UP UNLESS THE PLOW IS

SECURELY BLOCKED TO PREVENT DOWNWARD MOVEMENT

The reason for lowering the plow to the ground is twofold; it is a question of safety (it can't fall

and hurt someone if it is already down) and it takes the strain off the plow frame, the truck

suspension and the hydraulics. ALWAYS PARK WITH THE PLOW ON THE GROUND. As mentioned

in the sander section, the forward mounted spinners are preferred because they afford better

traction to the vehicle doing the sanding. Unfortunately, this feature presents a problem.

Because you are spreading so much sand and salt underneath the truck, you will have to make

sure the undercarriage is washed daily or as often as possible when the truck is involved in sand

/salt operations. You will have to pay special attention to all grease fittings during the winter

months and make sure that new grease is injected often to displace the grit and the brine which

may find their way into the various joints. This may have to be done daily in extreme

conditions.


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WHEN SANDING, CLEAN TRUCK UNDERCARRIAGE AND GREASE TRUCK AS

OFTEN AS REQUIRED

You should avoid parking the unit for long periods of time with sand in it. This is especially

important during the colder months because the sand warms up in the garage but doesn't

actually have time to dry. You could likely end up with a frozen load after a few hours of

exposure to cold weather.

Experts say that a piece of equipment ages and deteriorates even if it is not in use. This is

especially true of equipment which is not stored properly. Plow and plow frames have to be

inspected carefully before they are stored for the summer. Cracks or broken welds have to be

repaired and the unit is often painted. As an operator, you will have to make sure that the plow

of your truck is prepared for the next season. Make sure a proper repair request is filled out

and processed.

ALWAYS MAKE SURE THAT:

The attachment is thoroughly washed and cleaned before storing.

The plow is blocked properly, so it is not resting on ground.

The hydraulic connections are blanked.

The chains and hydraulic lines are supported off the ground.

The hydraulic rams are fully depressed to prevent rust on the polished portion of the

ram.

One ram (on the two-way plow) is fully depressed and the other is covered to protect it.

The hopper sanders and changeover boxes have to be steam cleaned and the inside of

the hopper, the chains and conveyors have to be coated with oil to prevent rusting.

Check all gear boxes and top up, with appropriate oil, if required grease all points.


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Relatable SOP’s Visit the MHI website (MHIsafety.ca) and review the following SOP’s

Washing

Winter clean up

Entering Exiting Units

Safe Lifting

Backing up

Blade Changes

These guidelines are only a few very important ones. Further information that is important to

the efficiency & effectiveness of the winter operation are available in these manuals:

Practice & Procedures

Policy & Standards

Winter Maintenance Services (301)

Snow and Ice Control (302)


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Appendix A

Definitions of Terminology Winter Condition Exist: If conditions other

than seasonal driving are reported; it

automatically shows winter condition exits

(yellow line on the map)

Seasonal Driving Condition: No specific

problems however there could be the

occasional condition

Ice Covered: The entire driving surface is

covered with ice.

Slush: A buildup of slush on the driving

surface. This may occur during moderate or

heavy snowfall if pavement temperatures

are at or near the freezing point, creating

driving conditions that could make

controlling a vehicle difficult.

Icy or Slippery sections: An intermittent

icing situation identified due to rain,

pavement frost, sticking snow/ice patches.

Wet/freezing: Highway is wet subject to

freezing as temperatures drop.

Pavement frost: Buildup of frost that

reduces braking power of vehicle.

Drifting Snow: Ground drifting caused by

winds, which may affect surface conditions

on the highway, such as sticking snow, or

may reduce visibility.

Swirling Snow: A condition created by

traffic in loose snow that reduces visibility.

Loose Snow: Less than 8 cm of loose snow

covers the driving surface that may cause

some driving difficulties.

Heavy snow: More than 8 cm of loose snow

covers the driving surface. Traffic

encounters problems when meeting

Snow Packed: This condition exists mainly

on gravel roads where the entire driving

surface is covered with packed snow.

Snow drifts: Small snow dunes exist on the

driving surface at intermittent intervals.

Travel not recommended: This means

visibility is less than 200 meters and/or the

surface is icy; and/or the highway is

doubtful; and/or the highway is blocked.

Closed: Highway is impassable (or has been

closed for operational reasons)

Fog: Reported when visibility is reduced.

Visibility Good: You can see more than 500

meters.

Visibility Reduced: You can see less than

250-500 meters.

Visibility Zero: You can see less than 100

meters. Under this condition, highway

maintenance equipment may be removed

Visibility Poor: You can see less than 250

meters. Under this condition, highway

maintenance equipment will not begin work

on the road until visibility improves.

Equipment already on the road may be

removed if visibility continues to

deteriorates.


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Appendix B

SPECIALISTS IN ATTACHMENT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

WBM WELDCO-BEALES MFG.

Highway Truck Plows, 2-Way RVSP12

Installation Guidelines

1. Truck sizes and frame heights vary considerably, as do plow lift groups and their

installation heights. As a general guide the cutting edge of the plow should have a final

installation angle of 70 degrees plus or minus 5 degrees. This is to be measured installed

on the truck with the plow in the lowered position and the truck on stable, level ground.

The smaller the angle the more aggressive the blade will be. The greater the angle the

less aggressive the attack angle of the blade. Set the blade attack angle to suit your

regional conditions. See diagram below.

2. If truck height and plow plate positions are such that the desired blade or cutting edge

angle cannot be achieved there is provision for further adjustment in the plow arms.


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Each plow arm has three bolts that can be removed and re-positioned in multiple

configurations to alter blade angle. Ensure that both plow arms are in the same position

after all adjustments have been performed. See diagram below.

Check clearances between the plow arms and frame mounts or related components

after installation and any adjustments have been completed. Ensure sufficient clearance

exists between all components.

3. The RVSP style plow uses compressions springs to control and allow the trip function of

the blade. Spring length can be varied with resulting changes to blade performance. See

the chart below outlining the effects of changing spring length or tension. Normal

installed spring length is approximately 10-1/2 inches. All springs should be adjusted to

the same length and checked before operation. Be aware of the possible operational

changes to the blade when changing the spring adjustment.

4. The blade saver option, when installed on plow trucks decreases the pressure exerted

by the cutting edges of the blade onto the surface being cleaned. This helps to reduce


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edge wear and increases cutting edge service life. There are primarily two different

types of blade savers in the marketplace. One uses an air bag set up while the other

works through the hydraulic system. WBM does not manufacture blade saver systems.

Check with the manufacturer of your specific unit for proper installation, operation and

maintenance. Many users start with a target setting of approximately 15% – 20% of

total blade weight as the set weight on the cutting edge with blade saver engaged. It is

up to each Municipality, County, or Regional Plowing Authority to determine what an

acceptable setting is for their area. Things like road conditions, operator experience,

plowing speed, and snow conditions are some of the factors used in making this

determination.

Operation

1. With the large number of variables involved in safe and successful plowing as well as

local regulations it is the responsibility if the local governing body or road clearing

authority to determine the acceptable parameters for safe plow operation. Some

factors to consider in this are road conditions, road types, operator experience and

acceptable plowing speeds.

2. Snowplow blade pitch can be varied to change the cutting edge attack angle. Changing

this angle can make a blade more or less aggressive. The more aggressive the blade

angle the better it will clean off packed snow from a road surface but the harder it will

be to trip the blade when an obstacle is hit. Set the attack angle to a safe and

comfortable level where proper clearing can be achieved at reasonable speeds without

damage or harm to person or property.

3. The force required to trip the snowplow moldboard can also be altered by varying the

amount of pressure on the compression springs. This is done by tightening or loosening

the large bolts holding the springs. Tightening the springs increases the force required to

trip the moldboard while decreasing the amount the moldboard can tilt or rotate in the

tripped position. Decreasing spring tension decreases the force required to trip the

moldboard while increasing the amount of blade travel or rotation in the tripped

position. Springs are set at approximately 10-1/2 inches in length from the factory.

Adjust the springs to a safe and suitable tension for your conditions and operational

requirements. The springs are under pressure, use caution when adjusting.

4. There are two 5/16” shear bolts in the trip mechanism of the snowplow located

between the two trip springs (one bolt per side). The bolts can be left in or removed

depending on the operational needs and plow settings. If one finds the plow trips too

easy or there is too much plow “chatter” while plowing light loads or during transport,

the bolts can remain. If one wants to decrease the force required to initially trip the

plow the bolts can be removed. Determine what is best suited to your conditions.

5. Never make sharp turns while plowing. The abrupt change in direction and sideways

force to the plow can cause the plow to react differently to obstacles when tripping.

Remember the greater the blade angle the greater the forward force that is required to


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trip the blade but the less likely the cutting edge will catch any surface irregularity when

plowing in a straight direction. Reduce speed and blade angle when plowing driveways,

crossovers, road way approaches or rough surfaces.

6. Plow trucks equipped with blade saver systems have reduced weight or downward

pressure on the cutting edge of the blade. The plow and truck will react differently when

the blade saver is engaged versus when it is not engaged. Also note the variance may

differ between trucks as well. Become familiar with the difference in handling and

operation before getting out on busy roads or streets.

7. Know or become familiar with your snow plow route before the snow falls. Take note,

remove or repair any rough areas, surface irregularities or obstacles before they

become an incident or hazard.

Maintenance

1. Daily or at each shift change a walk around inspection of the plow and its connections to

the truck must be performed. Damaged or broken components must be repaired by

qualified personnel.

2. Any grease points on the plow shall be greased daily or once per shift of operation.

3. Worn or broken cutting edges must be replaced. Never run cutting edges that will not

completely cover and protect the main structure of the lower portion of the moldboard

while plowing.

4. Check for worn or broken trip mechanism springs daily. Springs are under pressure and

should only be adjusted or replaced by qualified service personnel.

5. Tighten or replace any worn or loose bolts found during the inspection process.

6. Have any weld repairs performed by a qualified welder.

7. When performing any inspections, maintenance, or repairs on the snow plow ensure

the blade is lowered and/or properly supported to prevent injury.

12155 – 154 STREET, EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA T5V 1J3 (780) 454-5244 TOLL FREE: 1-

800-661-4155 FAX: (780) 455-6770

www.weldco-beales.com


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Appendix C


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