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CHAPTER 1: ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING

PLUMBING

Plumbing the at an! te"hni#ue $% in&talling

'i'e&( %i)tue&( an! $the a''aatu&e& in

buil!ing& %$ binging in the &u''l* $% li#ui!&(

&ub&tan"e& an!+$ inge!ient& an! em$,ing

them- an! &u"h .ate( li#ui! an! $the "aie!/

.a&te& ha0a!$u& t$ health( &anitati$n( li%e an!

'$'et* 'i'e& an! %i)tue& a%te in&tallati$n ie(

the 2'lumbing &*&tem3 4Se"ti$n 5167 The

Re,i&e! Nati$nal Plumbing C$!e $% the

Phili''ine& 18889

PLUMBING SSTEM

Plumbing S*&tem in"lu!e& all '$table .ate

&u''l* an! !i&tibuti$n 'i'e&( all 'lumbing

%i)tue& an! ta'&- all &anita* an! &t$m

!ainage &*&tem&- ,ent 'i'e&( $$% !ain&(

lea!e& an! !$.n&'$ut&- an! all buil!ing !ain&

an! &e.e&( in"lu!ing thei e&'e"ti,e ;$int& an!

"$nne"ti$n&- !e,i"e&( e"e'ta"le&( an!

a''utenan"e& .ithin the '$'et*- .ate line& in

the 'emi&e&- '$table( ta'( h$t an! "hille! .ate

'i'ing- '$table .ate teating $ u&ing

e#ui'ment- %uel ga& 'i'ing- .ate heate& an!

,ent& %$ &ame

4Se"ti$n 51615 NPC 18889

A Plumbing &*&tem( e!u"e! t$ it& &im'le&t

tem&( "$n&i&t& $% a &u''l* 'i'e lea!ing t$ a

%i)tue an! a !ain'i'e ta<ing the u&e! .ate

a.a* %$m thi& %i)tue

The &*&tem "$n&titute& the %$ll$.ing:

1 The .ate &u''l* an! .ate !i&tibuti$n

&*&tem Caie& .ate %$m the .ate &$u"e(

&teet main $ a 'um' t$ the buil!ing an! t$

,ai$u& '$int& in the buil!ing at .hi"h .ate i&

u&e!

5 The 'lumbing %i)tue& The e"e'ta"le& that

e"ei,e the &u''lie! .ate an! all$. the

$""u'ant& $% the buil!ing t$ u&e the .ate

= The !ainage &*&tem The 'i'ing net.$<

.ithin the buil!ing .hi"h "$n,e*& %$m the

'lumbing %i)tue& all .a&te& an! %e"al matte

4&anita* !ainage9 a& .ell a& ain.ate 4&t$m

!ainage9 t$ a '$int $% !i&'$&al $ a teatment

%a"ilit*

THE PLUMBER

The 'lumbe i& the $ne .h$ .$<& $ engage& in

the bu&ine&& $% in&talling in buil!ing& the 'i'e&

%i)tue& an! $the a''aatu& %$ binging in the

.ate &u''l* an! em$,ing li#ui! an! .ateb$ne

.a&te&

Thee ae thee "ateg$ie& $% 'lumbe& ba&e!

u'$n thei ga"e& $% e)'eien"e& The* ae:

1 A''enti"e 'lumbe/ a beginne at the ta!e

.h$ u&uall* &e,e& %$ = t$ > *ea& a& hel'e t$ a

;$une*man5 ?$une*man 'lumbe/ ha& &e,e!

hi& a''enti"e&hi' an! i& "$m'etent t$ 'e%$m

the ta&<& $% in&talling an! e'aiing 'lumbing

= Ma&te 'lumbe/ a 'e&$n te"hni"all* an!legall* #uali%ie! an! li"en&e! t$ 'a"ti"e the

'$%e&&i$n $% ma&te 'lumbing .ith$ut limitati$n&

in a""$!an"e .ith Re'ubli" A"t 1=6@( ha,ing

'a&&e! the e)aminati$n& "$n!u"te! b* the

P$%e&&i$nal Regulati$n C$mmi&&i$n 4PRC9( ha&

e"ei,e! a "eti%i"ate $% egi&tati$n %$m the

b$a! $% ma&te 'lumbing an! '$&&e&&e& the

"uent li"en&e t$ 'a"ti"e 4Se"ti$n 51> NPC

59

THE PLUMBING COE

The im'$'e in&tallati$n $% 'lumbing ma* a%%e"t

the health $% the $""u'ant& $% a buil!ing an!

"eate a "ente '$int %$ the &'ea! $% !i&ea&e

The '$&&ibilit* i& $% &u%%i"ient 'ubli" intee&t& t$

e#uie the egulati$n $% 'lumbing b* la. The

ight $% the g$,enment t$ egulate the !etail& $%

'lumbing i& ba&e! $n the 'in"i'le $% the

'$te"ti$n $% 'ubli" health

The ba&i" g$al $% the Nati$nal Plumbing C$!e $%

the Phili''ine& i& t$ en&ue the #uali%ie!$b&e,an"e $% the late&t '$,i&i$n $% the

'lumbing an! en,i$nmental la.&

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THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GODERNING THE

NATIONAL PLUMBING COE

1 All 'emi&e& inten!e! %$ human u&e $

habitati$n &hall be '$,i!e! .ith a &u''l* $% 'ue

an! .h$le&$me .ate( neithe "$nne"te! t$

un&a%e .ate &u''l* n$ &ub;e"t t$ ba"<%l$. $ba"</ &i'h$nage

5 Plumbing %i)tue&( !e,i"e& an! a''utenan"e&

&hall be &u''lie! .ith .ate in &u%%i"ient ,$lume

an! 'e&&ue a!e#uate t$ %un"ti$n &ati&%a"t$il*

an! .ith$ut un!ue n$i&e

= Plumbing &hall be !e&igne! an! a!;u&te! t$

u&e the minimum #uantit* $% .ate "$n&i&tent

.ith '$'e 'e%$man"e an! "leaning

e,i"e& %$ heating an! &t$ing .ate &hall be

&$ !e&igne! an! in&talle! a& t$ 'e,ent !ange&

%$m e)'l$&i$n th$ugh $,eheating

> E,e* buil!ing abutting $n a &teet( alle* $

ea&ement .ith a 'ubli" &e.e &hall "$nne"t it&

'lumbing %i)tue& t$ the &e.e &*&tem

7 Ea"h %amil* !.elling unit &hall ha,e at lea&t

$ne .ate "l$&et( $ne <it"hen t*'e &in<( a

la,at$* an! a bathtub $ &h$.e t$ meet the

ba&i" e#uiement& $% &anitati$n an! 'e&$nal

h*giene

6 Plumbing %i)tue& &hall be ma!e $% &m$$th

n$n/ab&$bent mateial( %ee %$m "$n"eale!

%$uling &u%a"e& an! &hall be l$"ate! in ,entilate!

en"l$&ue&

@ The !ainage &*&tem &hall be !e&igne!(

"$n&tu"te! an! maintaine! t$ &a%egua! again&t

%$uling( !e'$&it $% &$li!&( "l$gging an! .ith

a!e#uate "lean$ut& &$ aange! that the 'i'e&ma* be ea!il* "leane!

8 All 'i'ing &hall be $% !uable NAMPAP/

a''$,e! mateial&( %ee %$m !e%e"ti,e

.$<man&hi'( !e&igne! an! "$n&tu"te! b*

Regi&tee! Ma&te Plumbe& t$ en&ue

&ati&%a"t$* &e,i"e

1 Ea"h %i)tue !ie"tl* "$nne"te! t$ the

!ainage &*&tem &hall be e#ui''e! .ith a .ate/

&eale! ta'11 The !ainage 'i'e& 'i'ing &*&tem

&hall be !e&igne! t$ '$,i!e a!e#uate "i"ulati$n$% ai %ee %$m &i'h$nage( a&'iati$n $ %$"ing

$% ta' &eal& un!e $!ina* u&e

15 Dent teminal& &hall e)ten! t$ the $ute ai

an! in&talle! t$ 'e,ent "l$gging an! the etun

$% %$ul ai t$ the buil!ing

1= Plumbing &*&tem& &hall be &ub;e"te! t$ &u"h

te&t& t$ e%%e"ti,el* !i&"l$&e all lea<& an! !e%e"t&

in the .$<man&hi'

1 Sub&tan"e .hi"h .ill "l$g the 'i'e&( '$!u"e

e)'l$&i,e mi)tue&( !e&t$* the 'i'e& $ thei

;$int& $ inte%ee un!ul* .ith the &e.age/

!i&'$&al '$"e&& &hall

n$t be all$.e! t$ ente the buil!ing !ainage

&*&tem

1> P$'e '$te"ti$n &hall be '$,i!e! t$

'e,ent "$ntaminati$n $% %$$!( .ate( &teile

g$$!& an! &imila mateial& b* ba"<%l$. $%

&e.age hen ne"e&&a*( the %i)tue( !e,i"e $a''lian"e &hall be "$nne"te! in!ie"tl* .ith the

buil!ing !ainage &*&tem

17 N$ .ate "l$&et &hall be l$"ate! in a $$m $

"$m'atment .hi"h i& n$t '$'el* lighte! an!

,entilate!

16 I% thee i& n$ &e.e &*&tem in the aea(

&uitable '$,i&i$n &hall be ma!e %$ the !i&'$&al

$% buil!ing &e.age b* &$me a""e'te! meth$! $%

&e.age teatment an! !i&'$&al( &u"h a& a &e'ti"

tan<

1@ hee a 'lumbing !ainage &*&tem ma* be

&ub;e"t t$ ba"<%l$. $% &e.age( &uitable '$,i&i$n

&hall be ma!e t$ 'e,ent it& $,e%l$. in the

buil!ing

18 Plumbing &*&tem& &hall be maintaine! in

&e,i"eable "$n!iti$n b* Regi&tee! Ma&te

Plumbe&

5 All 'lumbing %i)tue& &hall be in&talle!

'$'el* &'a"e!( t$ be a""e&&ible %$thei

inten!e! u&e

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51 Plumbing &hall be in&talle! .ith !ue ega! t$

the 'e&e,ati$n $% the &tength $% &tu"tual

membe& an! the 'e,enti$n $% !amage t$ .all&

an! $the &u%a"e& th$ugh %i)tue u&age

55 Se.age $ $the .a&te %$m 'lumbing

&*&tem&( .hi"h ma* be !eletei$u& t$ &u%a"e $&ub/&u%a"e .ate& &hall n$t be !i&"hage! int$

the g$un! $ int$ an* .ate.a*( unle&& %i&t

en!ee! inn$"u$u& th$ugh &ub;e"ti$n t$ &$me

a""e'table %$m $% teatment

BRIEF HISTOR OF PLUMBING PRACTICE IN

THE PHILIPPINES

In 185( the Plumbing Ta!e .a& !ul*

e"$gni0e! b* the g$,enment in the Cit* $%

Manila Ma&te Plumbe ?$hn F Haa& be"ame

the %i&t Chie% $% the i,i&i$n $% PlumbingC$n&tu"ti$n an! In&'e"ti$n A Plumbing C$!e

ba&e! $n the Plumbing C$!e $% the Unite!

State& .a& in"$'$ate! int$ the Buil!ing C$!e

%$ the Cit* $% Manila

In 18=>( the Nati$nal Ma&te Plumbe&

A&&$"iati$n $% the Phili''ine& 4NAMPAP9 .a&

%$mall* $gani0e!

Manila Cit* O!inan"e 511( the Plumbing

C$!e $% the Cit* $% Manila .a& ena"te! an!

'la"e! un!e the e'atment $% Publi" Se,i"e&(Manila

In 18>( the Thi! C$nge&& a''$,e! H$u&e

Bill N$ 875 .hi"h in ?une 1@( 18>>( be"ame

RA 1=6@ Plumbing La. $% the Phili''ine&

u'$n ati%i"ati$n $% Pe&i!ent Ram$n Mag&a*&a*

On ?anua* 5@( 18>8( the Nati$nal Plumbing

C$!e $% the Phili''ine& 'e'ae! b* NAMPAP.a& '$mulgate! an! a''$,e! b* Mala"aang

Be%$e Matial La. in 1865( Re'ubli" A"t N$

7>1 $the.i&e <n$.n a& the Buil!ing C$!e $%

the Phili''ine& .a& 'a&&e! .ith the Nati$nal

Plumbing C$!e $% 18>8 a& e%eal "$!e in %ull

te)t The P$%e&&i$nal Regulati$n C$mmi&&i$n

4PRC9 a!$'te! the Re,i&e! Plumbing C$!e $%

1888 .hi"h Pe&i!ent ?$&e'h E&ta!a a''$,e!

e"embe 51( 1888 'u&uant t$ Se"ti$n $%

RA 1=6@ <n$.n a& the Plumbing La.

TPICAL PLUMBING SSTEM OF A TOILET

AN BATHCHAPTER 5: PROPERTIES OF

ATER GENERAL

ate 'la*& an im'$tant 'at in the 'lumbing

&*&tem It i& a "$mm$n( but in man* .a*&( an

unu&ual li#ui! Lage #uantitie& $% .ate ae

e#uie! in buil!ing& %$ 'e&$nal u&e( %$$!

'e'aati$n( "leaning an! geneal !$me&ti"

'u'$&e&( an! '$&&ibl* al&$ %$ %ie %ighting(

laun!ie&( &.imming '$$l&( iigati$n an!

e"eati$nal u&e

e &$metime& ten! t$ thin< $% .ate a& an

ine)hau&tible natual e&$u"e

H$.e,e( $u &u''l* $% %e&h .ate i& !e%initel*

limite!( an! im'$,e! "$n&e,ati$n 'a"ti"e& ae

ne"e&&a* i% $u nee!& ae t$ be &u''lie!

THE EMAN OF ATER

EMAN REJUIREMENT

in<ing( C$$<ing( i&h.a&hing Mu&t be 'ue(

&teili0e! an! '$te"te! %$m "$ntaminati$n

Su''lie& ta<en !ie"t %$m main& $ %$m

e)"lu&i,e &t$age

Pe&$nal a&hing an! $me&ti" Cleaning

Simila but m$!eate! t$ all$. "$l! an! h$t

&u''lie& t$ be !a.n %$m main &t$age tan< $

"i&ten ,ia !i&tibuti$n net.$<

Laun!* Geneall* "lean an! .h$le&$me( &$%t

an! %ee %$m I$n an! Mangane&e &taining

Fie Fighting High Pe&&ue C$nne"ti$n& mu&t

n$t 'emit "$ntaminati$n $% main& .ate

S.imming Clean( %iltee! an! &teili0e! .ith %ee

"hl$ine e&i!ue %$ '$&t/&teili0ati$n Can be

e"i"ulate!

B$ile& an! Heating Plant& S$%t teate! .ate(&t$e! an! "i"ulate! &e'aate %$m !$me&ti"

&u''lie&

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Iigati$n N$ &'e"ial e#uiement( e)"e't

ea&$nabl* %ee %$m &$li!& an! &lit 4e&ult in

bl$"<e! Pi'e& an! n$00le&9 an! uu!e"$m'$&e!

mateial 4'$lluti$n9

THE ATER CCLE

The "*"le ba&i"all* "$n&i&t& $% .ate enteing the

atm$&'hee th$ugh e,a'$ati$n an! etuning

th$ugh "$n!en&ati$n i& that the&e '$"e&&e&

e&ult in natual.ate 'ui%i"ati$n hen .ate

e,a'$ate&( $nl* .ate m$le"ule& lea,e the

&u%a"e& &alt& an! $the &$li!& in &$luti$n emain

behin! The "$n!en&e! .ate i& thu& 'ui%ie!

.ate/ e)"e't in &$ %a a& it 'i"<& u' '$llutant& in

the ai Thu& e,a'$ati$n an! "$n!en&ati$n $%

.ate ,a'$ ae the &$u"e $% all natual %e&h

.ate $n eath

Fe&h .ate %$m 'e"i'itati$n %alling $n the

g$un! ga!uall* ma<e it& .a* th$ugh &team&(

i,e& an! la<e& t$ $"ean& $ &ea& a& a e&ult A&

'e"i'itati$n hit& the g$un!( it ma* %$ll$. eithe

$% t.$ altenati,e 'ath.a*&( .hi"h ae

A m$le"ule $% H5O "an ab&$b a ma)imum

"a'a"it* $% 15 gain&

4Relati,e Humi!it*9

RHK 4+159 ) 1K ==

RHK 41+159 ) 1K @===

Im'e,i$u& La*e/ !$e& n$t all$. H5O t$ 'a&&

th$ugh

8 Pui%ie! ate/ .ate that un!eg$e& a

'$"e&& .hee the '$llutant& ae em$,e! $

en!ee! hamle&&

1 P$llute! ate/ .ate that "$ntain& $ne $

m$e im'uitie& that ma<e the .ate un&uitable

%$ a !e&ie! u&e

11 Ga* ate/ .ate !aine! %$m la,at$ie&(

&in<( laun!* ta*& an! &h$.e&- "$ntain& min$

'$llutant&

15 Bla"< ate/ .ate !aine! %$m .ate

"l$&et& an! uinal&- "aie& b$!* .a&te& an!

"$ntain& ma;$ '$llutant&

1= St$m ate/ ain.ate !aine! %$m $$%gutte& an! !$.n&'$ut&

ATER JUALIT PROBLEMS AN THEIR

CORRECTION

PROBLEM CAUSE EFFECT CORRECTION

1 A"i!it* C$ntain& "ab$n !i$)i!e Ci&ten an!

'$n! .ate& "$ntaining !e"a*ing ,egetati$n ae

li<el* t$ be a"i!i" C$$&i$n $% n$n%e$u& 'i'e&(

u&ting an! "l$gging

$% &teel 'i'e&

Pa&&ing the .ate

th$ugh a be! $%

"u&he! mable $

lime&t$ne t$

a"hie,e al<alinit*( $

a!!ing &$!ium

&ili"ate

5 Ha!ne&& Pe&en"e $%

Magne&ium an!

Cal"ium

Cl$gging $% 'i'e&

Im'aie! laun!eing

an! %$$!

'e'aati$n

Int$!u"ti$n $% .ate

&$%tene& ma!e u'

$% e$lite 4a

geeni&h ganula

mateial9

= Tubi!it* Silt $ &u&'en!e!

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matte& 'i"<e! u' in

&u%a"e $ nea

&u%a"e %l$.

i&"$l$ati$n an!

ba! ta&te

Filtati$n

C$l$ Pe&en"e $% I$n

an! Mangane&e

i&"$l$ati$n $%

%i)tue& an! Laun!*

Pe"i'itati$n b*

%iltati$n th$ugh

mangane&e 0e$lite

4$)i!i0ing %ilte9

> P$lluti$n C$ntaminati$n b*

$gani" matte $

&e.age

i&ea&e Chl$inati$n

ATER PURIFICATION

ate 'ui%i"ati$n i& an* meth$! that .ill em$,e

$ne $ m$e mateial& that

ma<e the .ate un&uitable %$ a gi,en u&e The

meth$!& that ae "$mm$nl* u&e! in

.ate 'ui%i"ati$n ae:

1 Settling $ Se!imentati$n

5 Filtati$n

= A!&$'ti$n+ Fl$""ulati$n/C$agulati$n

Aeati$n

> i&tillati$n

7 i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n

The natual .ate in"lu!e& all $% the&e

'ui%i"ati$n meth$!& e)"e't !i&in%e"ti$n

Sitting in la<e&( '$n!&( $ the $"ean&( .ate i&

&ub;e"t t$ &ettling 4&e!imentati$n9 A&

it 'e"$late& th$ugh &$il $ '$$u& $"<&( it i&

%iltee! 4%iltati$n9 S$il an! humu& ae

al&$ g$$! "hemi"al a!&$bent& 4"$agulati$n+

%l$""ulati$n9 A& .ate %l$.& !$.n

&team& an! i,e&( !etitu& i& em$,e! b*

bi$l$gi"al $)i!ati$n 4aeati$n9 A& .ate

e,a'$ate& an! "$n!en&e&( it i& !i&tille!

4!i&tillati$n9

Thu&( nume$u& %e&h.ate &$u"e& might be

&a%e t$ !in< .ee it n$ %$ human

'$lluti$n The m$&t &ei$u& theat t$ human

health i& "$ntaminati$n .ith !i&ea&e"au&ing

$gani&m& an! 'aa&ite&( .hi"h "$me %$m the

e)"ement& $% human& an!

thei !$me&ti" animal& In human &ettlement&(

$ne "an &ee h$. the $gani&m& ma*

get int$ .ate an! be 'a&&e! $nt$ 'e$'le be%$e

an* $% the natual 'ui%i"ati$n

'$"e&&e& "an .$<

THE METROPOLITAN CEBU ATER ISTRICT

4MC9

The Met$'$litan Cebu ate i&ti"t 4MC9 i&the &$le "$mme"ial '$,i!e in

Met$ Cebu "$m'i&ing $% %$u "itie& an! %$u

muni"i'alitie& A& $% *ea 5(

MC &e,e! $% the t$tal '$'ulati$n $%

Met$ Cebu

MC i& 'imail* ta&<e! t$ !eli,e a!e#uate(

&a%e( '$table an! a%%$!able .ate t$

i& "$n&&i$nae&

MC ha& t.$ &$u"e& $ it& .ate &u''l*:

1 G$un! ate

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5 Su%a"e ate

GROUN ATER TREATMENT PRECESS

USE B MC

G$un! .ate &$u"e& ae natuall* an!

'e&umabl* 'ui%ie! b* a "$m'a"t thi"<

%ilte me!ia la*e $% unga!e! &an!&( &$il& an!

$"<& at "$n&i!eable !e'th Hen"e(

!i&in%e"ti$n u&ing Chl$ine Ga& an! $the

Chl$ine Salt& i& the $nl* teatment '$"e&&

em'l$*e! Hee( .ate that i& e)ta"te! %$m

thei g$un! th$ugh a 'um'ing e#ui'ment

i& all$.e! t$ 'a&& th$ugh "hl$inati$n %a"ilit*

u&ing "hl$ine ga& t$ <ill an* 'e&en"e $%

"$li%$m $gani&m& an! $the %$m& $% ba"teia

ate i& the &t$e! in a e&e,$i ea!*

%$ !i&tibuti$n int$ ea"h "$n"e&&i$naie3& %au"et

At "etain aea& in the !i&tibuti$n net.$<( ie"t

%ee! 'um'ing &tati$n& ae

em'l$*e! t$ augment the .ate &u''l* The&e

ae &tategi"all* l$"ate! in !i%%eent

aea& Met$ Cebu

SURFACE ATER BASIC TREATMENT

PROCESS EMPLOE B MCRun$%% $

&u%a"e .ate i& %i&t &t$e! in !am F$m thi&(

.ate g$e& th$ugh a

&eie& $% teatment '$"e&&e&

The Buhi&an am 4Ti&a Filtati$n9

Buhi&an am i& Cebu3& %i&t an! $nl* !amMC3& $nl* &u%a"e .ate &$u"e It

&u''lie& the Ti&a 4Labang$n9 %ilte 'lant .ith u'

t$ 7 "ubi" mete 'e h$u 47(

lite& 'e h$u $ 1>@( gall$n& 'e h$u9 $

ab$ut an a,eage $% ( "ubi" mete

!ail* 4 milli$n lite& $ 1> milli$n gall$n&9

Thi& !am i& l$"ate! in Buhi&an( a &$uthen

m$untain baangga* $% Cebu Cit* Thi& .a&

!e&igne! b* 56 *ea/$l! Eu&ebiu& ?uliu&

Hal&ema AG an! P( the .inning bi!e( a&<e!

Ph' 7=( 75@ t$ !$ the .$< On N$,embe

1( 1811( the !am .a& "$m'lete! an!

ea!* t$ be %ille!

ith a height $% 56 mete&( the "$n"ete !am

ha& a "$ni"al a"h !e&ign .hi"h

tan&%e& the &te&& in the e&e,$i 4"au&e! b*

.ate &tain9 t$ the &i!e& $% the !am

theeb* an"h$ing it %iml* in 'la"e

Thee > mete .i!e %l$$! gate& e)i&t %$ %l$$!

"$nt$l 'u'$&e& It& l$ng

"$n"ete &'ill.a* all$.& $,e%l$. .ate t$

e&"a'e &a%el* .hen the !am gate& ae

ai&e!

T.$ <il$mete& $% a. .ate main 'i'e& e)ten!

%$m the !am t$ the !i&tibuti$n

e&e,$i in Ti&a F$m the latte( a %$u <il$mete

'i'eline !i&tibute& .ate t$

"$n"e&&i$naie& in Cebu Cit* An$the 51

<il$mete& $% 'i'eline& .ee al&$ lai! %$

im'$,e! .ate !i&tibuti$n

T$!a* the alm$&t 1 *ea $l! Buhi&an am i&

a& &t$ng a& .hen it %i&t

$'eate!

TREATMENT PROCESS

MC teat& the &u%a"e .ate u&ing the

"$n,enti$nal '$"e&& "$m'i&ing $% the

%$ll$.ing:

1 Aeati$n

5 C$agulati$n/ Fl$""ulati$n

= Se!imentati$n

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Filtati$n

> i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n

1 Aeati$n/ ate i& &'a*e! int$ the ai t$

elea&e an* ta''e! ga&e& an! ab&$b

a!!iti$nal $)*gen %$ bette ta&te5 C$agulati$n/Fl$""ulati$n/ Thi& i& the '$"e&& b* .hi"h &mall

&e!iment 'ati"le&

.hi"h !$ n$t &ettle .ell "$mbine t$gethe t$ %$m

lage 'ati"le& .hi"h "an be

em$,e! b* &e!imentati$n Thi& '$"e&&

in"lu!e& 'h*&i"al an! "hemi"al

'$"e&&:

a C$agulati$n/ i& the "hemi"al '$"e&& in .hi"h

the "$agulant ea"t& .ith

the &e!iment t$ ma<e it "a'able $% "$mbining

int$ lage 'ati"le& Thi& i&

"alle! !e&tabili0ati$n

b Fl$""ulati$n/ i& the 'h*&i"al '$"e&& in .hi"h

the &e!iment 'ati"le&

"$lli!e .ith ea"h $the an! &ti"< t$gethe

= Se!imentati$n/ Thi& i& the '$"e&& b* .hi"h

&u&'en!e! &$li!& ae em$,e! %$m

the .ate b* ga,it* &ettling an! !e'$&iti$n Thi&

'$"e&& u&uall* %$ll$.&

"$agulati$n/%l$""ulati$n The $b;e"ti,e $% thi&

'$"e&& i& t$ em$,e m$&t $% the

&u&'en!e! &$li!&( e!u"ing the l$a!& $n the

%ilte&

Filtati$n/ Thi& i& the 'a&&age $% %lui! th$ugh

a '$$u& me!ium &u&'en!e!

matte .hi"h !i! n$t &ettle b* ga,it* In .ate

'ui%i"ati$n( matte t$ be em$,e!

in"lu!e& &u&'en!e! &ilt( "la*( "$ll$i!&( an!

mi"$$gani&m& in"lu!ing algae(

ba"teia( an! ,iu&e& A %ilte be! "$n&i&t& $% a

ganula n$n/'$$u& mateial hel!

$ne 'la"e b* the %$"e $% ga,it* $ b* the

!ie"ti$n $% %l$.

> i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n/ Thi& i& the m$&t

im'$tant '$"e&& u&e! in the

'$!u"ti$n $% .ate $% a &a%e an! &anita* #ualit*

Chl$inati$n i& the meth$! $%

int$!u"ing a "$nt$lle! am$unt $% "hl$ine t$ the

.ate in $!e t$ attain a

!e&ie! !egee $% !i&in%e"ti$n

A%te the '$"e&&e&( .ate i& &t$e! in a

e&e,$i( then t$ the tan&mi&&i$n main&( then

t$ the( !i&tibuti$n line&( !$.n t$ the &e,i"e

"$nne"ti$n& an! la&tl* t$ the

"$n"e&&i$naie3& %au"etSURFACE ATER

SUPPL AN TREATMENT SSTEM

ate i& ta<en %$m the .ate &he! e&e,$i an!

'i'e! t$ the teatment 'lant At

the 'lant( 419 .ate i& aeate! t$ elea&e ta''e!

ga&e& an! t$ ab&$b $)*gen %$ bette

ta&te( 459 Alum+ta.a& 4aluminum &ul%ate9 i&

a!!e! t$ "$agulate $gani" 'ati"le&( an! 4=9

the .ate i& 'ut int$ a &ettling ba&in %$ &e,eal

h$u& t$ all$. "$agulate! 'ati"le& t$

&ettle It i& then 49 %iltee! th$ugh &an! %ilte&(

4>9 Chl$ine i& a!!e! t$ <ill ba"teia an!

'ut int$ a &t$age tan< %$ !i&tibuti$n t$

"$n"e&&i$naie& CHAPTER =: PLUMBING

FITURES

FITURES/ e"e'ta"le& atta"he! t$ a 'lumbing

&*&tem $the than a ta' in .hi"h .ate

$ .a&te ma* be "$lle"te! $ etaine! %$

ultimate !i&"hage int$ the 'lumbing &*&tem

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COMMON TPES OF PLUMBING FITURES

USE IN RESIENCES

1 ate "l$&et Uinal

5 La,at$* > Bi!et

= it"hen &in< 7 Bath tub

ATER CLOSET/ A 'lumbing %i)tue u&e! t$

e"ei,e human e)"emental an! t$

!i&"hage it th$ugh a .a&te 'i'e( u&ing .ate a&

a "$n,e*ing me!ium ate "l$&et&

ae "la&&i%ie! a""$!ing t$ !e&ign( ma<e( %lu&hing

me"hani&m( &ha'e an! in&tallati$n

A TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO

ESIGN

1 Si'h$n .a&h!$.n = Si'h$n D$te)

5 Si'h$n ;et Re,e&e ta'

1 SIPHON ASHON/ The lea&t e)'en&i,e

but the

n$i&ie&t- $nl* &mall am$unt $% &tan!ing

.ate&u&"e'tible t$ %$uling( &taining an!

"$ntaminati$n It i&

me"hani"all* &ati&%a"t$* an! i& l$.e in 'i"e

Hen"e(

it i& .i!el* u&e! an! entiel* a""e'table .hee

'i"e i&

the main "$n&i!eati$n

5 SIPHON ?ET/ The ;et being &ubmege!

int$!u"e& it&

.ate un!e.ate &$ that it& $'eati$n i& entiel*

mu%%le!

It ha& a lage am$unt $% &tan!ing .ate t$

'e,ent %$uling

It i& me"hani"all* e%%i"ient but e)'en&i,e

= SIPHON DORTE/ thi& t*'e $% b$.l !e,el$'&

it& %lu&hing

a"ti$n th$ugh the .ate enteing th$ugh

!iag$nal h$le&

a$un! the im .hi"h "eate& a &.iling a"ti$n

.hi"h %$m&

a ,$te) in the "ente It i& "$n&i!ee! t$ be the

m$&t

#uiet( m$&t e%%i"ient an! m$&t &anita* .ate

"l$&et REDERSE TRAP the ta' .a*

l$"ate! at the ea $%

the .ate "l$&et eliminate! the bul!ge at the%$nt The

!e&ign an! a''eaan"e $% the b$.l 'lu& it& lage

.ate

aea an! #uietne&& in $'eati$n( ma<e it

!e&iable than

&i'h$n .a&h !$.n

B TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO MAE

1 One/'ie"e = Pail Flu&h

5 Cl$&e C$u'le! S#uat b$.l

1 ONE/PIECE ATER CLOSET/ The .ate

"l$&et %i)tue i& manu%a"tue! .ith the

b$.l an! the %lu&h tan< m$l!e! int$ a &ingle unit

U&uall* u&e! in tan!em .ith the

bi!et

5 CLOSE COUPLE ATER CLOSET/ a

.ate "l$&et .hee in the %lu&h tan< i&

&e'aate but i& atta"he! t$ the t$ilet b$.l It i& a

t.$/'ie"e m$!el

= PAIL FLUSH ATER CLOSET/ a .ate "l$&et

"$m'i&ing $nl* $% a b$.l .ith$ut

a %lu&h tan< Flu&hing a"ti$n i& $btaine! $nl*

th$ugh .ate '$ue! %$m a 'ail $

bu"<et Thi& i& u&e! in aea& .hee unning

.ate &*&tem& ae n$t a,ailable SJUAT

8

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BOL ATER/ A .ate "l$&et that i& $the.i&e

<n$.n a& Ea&ten

t*'e &in"e the u&e a&&ume& a &#uatting

'$&iti$n athe than a &itting '$&iti$n

C TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO

FLUSING MECHANISM

1 Flu&h tan<

5 Flu&h Dal,e 4%lu&h$mete9

1 FLUSH TAN/ h$l!& a &u''l* $% .ate %$

%lu&hing a %i)tue &u"h a& the .ate

"l$&et It ha& a "a'a"it* $% > t$ 7 gall$n&

5 FLUSH DALDE/ ,al,e !e&igne! t$ &u''l* a

%i)e! #uantit* $% .ate %$ %lu&hing

'u'$&e& It i& a"ti,ate! b* !ie"t .ate 'e&&ue

.ith$ut the u&e $% a %lu&h tan<

It i& al&$ <n$.n a& Flu&h$mete $ Flu&h$mete

,al,e The %lu&h ,al,e e#uie&

1 t$ 5 '&i %l$. 'e&&ue

TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO SHAPE

1 R$un! F$nt5 El$ngate! F$nt

1 ROUN FRONT/ inten!e! %$ in&tallati$n $n alimite! &'a"e

5 ELONGETE FRONT/ i& m$e "$m%$table

but $""u'ie& a lage &'a"e

E TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO

INSTALLATION

1 Fee Stan!ing 4Fl$u m$unte!9

5 all Hung 4all M$unte!9 MINIMUM ATER

CLOSET CLEARANCES

ROUGHING/IN IMENSIONS OF ATER

CLOSET

PLUMBING FITURE MATERIALS 4GENERAL

REJUIREMENTS9

JUALIT OF FITURES

i en&e

ii uable

iii N$n/ab&$bent

i, Sm$$th( Im'e,i$u& Su%a"e

, Fee %$m unne"e&&a* "$n"eale! %$uling

&u%a"e&

MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU

DALUE

i ate "l$&et 'i,ate in&tallati$n 67mm Q 4=

9 FU( Q

ii ate "l$&et 'ubli" in&tallati$n 67mm, Q

4=9 7 FU( Q

u&e 7 FU .hen "$m'uting %$ &e'ti" tan< &i0e

SIE OF ATER SUPPL AN SFU

DALUEi ate "l$&et( Flu&h tan< 15 mm Q

41+5 9 = 4Pi,ate9

> 4Publi"9

ii ate "l$&et( Flu&h Dal,e 5>mm Q 419

7 4Pi,ate9

1 4Publi"9

MINIMUM SIE OF DENT

i The minimum &i0e $% ,ent %$ .ate "l$&et i&

>1mm Q

DENTILATION OF T B

i Ceiling m$unt e)hau&t %an !u"t t*'e

ii Themal e)hau&t %an

TILES IN TERMS OF ESIGN FOR TB

i 5mm ) 5mm %$ "eami"

LADATOR/ a %i)tue !e&igne! %$ the .a&hing $%

the han!& $ %a"e It i& al&$ <n$.n a&

.a&h ba&in

TPES OF LADATOR

9

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1 all Hung la,at$*

5 Pe!e&tal La,at$*

= C$unte T*'e La,at$*a O,e C$unte

b Un!e "$unte

One/ Pie"e La,at$*

TPES OF LADATOR FAUCET

a Cente Set

b i!e S'ea!

ROUGHING/IN OF LADATOR MINIMUM

LADATOR CLEARANCE

MATERIALS FOR LADATORIES

a Dite$u& China

b Enamele! Ca&t I$n

" Stainle&& Steel

! Pla&ti"

MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER FU DALUE

$ a&h ba&in( in &et& =@mmQ 5 FU

$ a&h ba&in( &ingle =@mm Q 1 FU

SIE OF ATER SUPPL PIPE SFU

DALUE

$ La,at$* 15mmQ 41+59 1 4Pi,ate u&e9

54Publi" u&e9

MINIMUM SIE OF DENT FOR LADATOR

$ The minimum &i0e $% ,ent %$ a la,at$* i&

=5mmQ

BIET/ a 'lumbing %i)tue u&e! %$ .a&hing the

mi!!le 'at $% the b$!*( e&'e"iall* the

genital& It i& al&$ <n$.n a& the Sit0 Bath/

Setting an! "leaan"e %$ bi!et &hall be the &ame

a& in the .ate "l$&et

/ Bi!et minimum ta' !iamete i& =@mm an! it&

FU ,alue i& 5

/ Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm an! SFU i& 5

4'i,ate9 $ 4'ubli"9

BATH TUB/ a tube %$ bathing( u&uall* a %i)e!

'lumbing in&tallati$n !e&igne! %$ $ne

'e&$n It i& a,ailable in le%t $utlet an! ight

$utlet

minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mmQ 41 9

bathtub minimum ta' !iamete i& =@mm an!

the FU ,alue i& 5

&i0e $% &u''l* 'i'e i& 15mm an! SFU ,alue i&

5 4'i,ate9 an! 4'ubli"9

REJUIREMENTS FOR HIRLPOOL

BATHTUBS 4SEC 11 NPC 18889

a P$,i!e em$,able a""e&& 'anel t$ the 'um'

b L$"ate the "i"ulati$n 'um' ab$,e the "$.n

.ei $% the ta'

" The 'um' an! the "i"ulati$n 'i'ing &hall be

&el%/!aining t$ minimi0e .ate

etenti$n

! Su"ti$n %itting& $n .hil'$$l bathtub& &hall

"$m'l* .ith the li&te! &tan!a!&

URINAL/ A &anita* %i)tue e#ui''e! .ith a .ate

&u''l* an! !ain %$ %lu&hing a.a*

uine

TPES OF URINAL1 all hung Uinal

5 Pe!e&tal Uinal

= Stall Uinal T$ugh Uinal

MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR URINALS

MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU DALUE

a Uinal( all/m$unte! >1mm 459 7 FU

b Uinal( Stall >1mm 459 7 FU

" Uinal( Ta' am >1mm 459 = FU

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SIE OF SUPPL PIPE AN SFU DALUE

a Uinal( all/m$unte! 18mm 4=+9 >

SFU

b Uinal( Stall 18mm 4=+9 >

SFU

MINIMUM SIE OF DENT

a The minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mmQ

SINS

MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU DALUE

it"hen Sin< 4Re&i!ential9- 1 Q =@ mm Q

5 FU

>1mm minimum .a&te 'i'e

Ba Sin< 4C$mme"ial9 1 Q =@ mm Q

5 FU

>1mm minimum .a&te 'i'e

Ba Sin< 4Pi,ate9 1 Q =@ mm Q 1

FU

=@mm minimum .a&te 'i'e

Sin< 4C$mme"ial( In!u&tial( In&tituti$nal9 1

Q =@ mm Q = FU

>@mm minimum .a&te 'i'e

Sin< 4Clini"9- Flu&hing Rim = Q 67mm Q

7 FU

Se,i"e &in< 4Sl$'9 5 Q >1 mm Q

=FU

Laun!* Tub 1 Q =@ mm Q 5 FU

SIE OF SUPPL PIPE AN SFU DALUE

it"hen &in< Q =@ mm Q 5

4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9

S"ulle* &in< =+ Q =@ mm Q 5

4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9

Sl$' Sin< Q =@ mm Q 5 4Pi,ate9- 1

4Publi"9

Laun!* Tub Q =@ mm Q 5

4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9

Ba &in< Q =@ mm Q 1

4Pi,ate9- 5 4Publi"9

RINING FOUNTAIN

Minimum ta' !iamete i& =1mm an! FU

,alue i& 1

Si0e $% .a&te &u''l* i& 15mm Q an! the SFU

,alue 4ea"h %au"et9 i& 1 4'i,ate

u&e9 $ 5 4'ubli" u&e9

Minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =5mm Q 41 9

SHOER BATH

Minimum ta' !iamete i& >1mm an! the FU

,alue i& 5 Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm Q an!

the SFU ,alue 4ea"h hea!9 i& 5 4'i,ate

u&e9 $ 4'ubli" u&e9

Minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mm Q

FLOOR RAINS

Minimum ta' !iamete i& >1mm an! the FU

,alue i& 5

HOSE BIBB

Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm Q an! the SFU

,alue i& = 4'i,ate u&e9 $ >

4'ubli" u&e9

ITCHEN SIN/ a 'lumbing %i)tue& u&uall*

"$n&i&ting $% a ba&in .ith a .ate &u''l*(

"$nne"te! .ith a !ain

TPES OF ITCHEN SIN

a Single B$.l/ Single ain

b $uble B$.l/ Single ain

" $uble B$.l/ $uble ain! Ti'le B$.l

e C$ne Sin<

11

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OTHER PLUMBING FITURES

SLOP SIN/ A !ee' &in<( u&uall* &et l$. an!

u&e! b* ;anit$& %$ em't*ing 'ail&

$% !it* .ate an! m$' "leaning

RINING FOUNTAIN/ A %i)tue "$n&i&ting $% a&hall$. ba&in( t$gethe .ith a

.ate ;et !e&igne! t$ '$,i!e '$table .ate %$

human "$n&um'ti$n

LAUNR TUB/ A !ee' .i!e &in< $ but u&e!

%$ .a&hing "l$the& It i& al&$

<n$.n a& Laun!* Ta* $ Set Tub

SHOER BATH/ An a''aatu& %$ &'a*ing

.ate $n the b$!*( u&uall* %$m

ab$,e ain i& th$ugh the &h$.e bath %l$$

!ain

SCRUB SIN/ a 'lumbing %i)tue u&uall*

l$"ate! in the $'eating $$m in a

h$&'ital t$ enable 'e&$nnel t$ &"ub thei han!&

'i$ t$ a &ugi"al '$"e!ue-

the h$t an! "$l! .ate &u''l* i& a"ti,ate! b* a

<nee/a"ti$n mi)ing ,al,e $ b*

.i&t $ 'e!al "$nt$lPLUMBING UNIT 4Se"

5161= NPC 18889

The minimum &tan!a! #uantitie& $% 'lumbing

%i)tue& that !i&"hage .a&te int$ a

'lumbing in&tallati$n in"lu!e-

1 .ate mete

1 .ate "l$&et

1 la,at$*

1 &h$.e hea! an! !ain %$ a bathtub $ &h$.e

&tall

1 <it"hen &in<

1 laun!* ta*

= %l$$ !ain&

%au"et&+ h$&e Bibb

1= T$tal numbe& $% %i)tue& an! %itting& that

"$m'i&e a 'lumbing

unit

NOTES ON SHOER RECEPTOR 4NPC 18889

1 Ea"h &h$.e e"e't$ &hall be "$n&tu"te! t$

ha,e a %ini&he! !am( "ub $

the&h$l! $% at lea&t 5> mm l$.e that the

$ut&i!e %l$$

5 The !am $ the&h$l! &hall n$t be le&& than

>1mm n$ m$e than 55@mm in

!e'th( .hen mea&ue! %$m the t$' $% the !am

$ the&h$l! t$ the t$' $% the

!ain

PLUMBING ACCESSORIES1 S$a' h$l!e

5 Pa'e h$l!e

= T$$thbu&h an! tumble h$l!e

T$.el h$l!e+ t$.e ba

> Seat C$,e

TPICAL FITURE LAOUT FOR TOILET AN

BATH 4minimum !imen&i$n&9TOILET FITURE

CLEARANCES FOR ISABLE PERSONS 4'e

BP = The

A""e&&ibilit* La.9 GRABRAIL HEIGHTS ATURINALS

MOUNTING IMENSIONS FOR TOILET

BATHROOM ACCESSORIES

MOUNTING IMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES

AN FITTINGS AT SHOER

AREAMOUNTING IMENSIONS OF

ACCESSORIES AN FITTINGS

AT BATH TUB+ SHOERCHAPTER :

RAINAGE SSTEM

12

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The !ainage &*&tem i& "$m'$&e! $% the 'i'ing

net.$< .ithin a &tu"tue .hi"h

"$n,e*& &e.age( ain.ate( $ $the .a&te& %$m

thei '$int $% $igin t$ a '$int $%

!i&'$&al( &u"h a& a 'ubli" &e.e $ a 'i,ate

teatment %a"ilit* 4&e'ti" tan<9 Thi& &*&tem

i& $%ten <n$.n a& the D S*&tem 4ainage(

a&te an! Dent9 The "$m'lete

!ainage &*&tem i& &ub!i,i!e! int$ %$u 49 &ub/

&*&tem&( a& %$ll$.&

1 SOIL RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing that

"$n,e*& the !i&"hage $% .ate

"l$&et& $ %i)tue& ha,ing &imila %un"ti$n&

4"$ntaining %e"al matte9( .ith $

.ith$ut the !i&"hage& %$m $the %i)tue&

5 ASTE RAINAGE STEM $ SANITAR

RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing

that e"ei,e& the li#ui! !i&"hage( %$m 'lumbing

%i)tue& $the than th$&e %i)tue&

4.ate "l$&et&9 e"ei,ing %e"al matte Thi& 'i'ing

i& %ee $% %e"al %l$.

= STORM RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing&*&tem that e"ei,e& "lea .ate

!ainage %$m lea!e&( !$.n&'$ut&( &u%a"e un/

$%%( g$un! .ate( &ub&u%a"e

.ate( "$n!en&ate .ate( "$$ling .ate $ $the

&imila !i&"hage& an! "$n,e*&

them t$ the '$int $% !i&'$&al All &anita* .a&te&

mu&t be e)"lu!e!

DENT SSTEM/ the 'i'ing &*&tem that

e"ei,e& a %l$. $ ai t$ $ %$m a

!ainage &*&tem $ t$ '$,i!e a "i"ulati$n $% ai

.ithin &u"h &*&tem t$ '$te"t

ta' &eal& %$m &i'h$nage $ ba"< 'e&&ue

GENERAL REJUIREMENTS FOR A

PROPERL ESIGNE RAINAGE SSTEM

a The 'i'ing mu&t be ai tight( ga& tight an!

.ate tight

b Ea"h 'lumbing %i)tue( e)"e't th$&e .ith

integal ta'&( &hall be &e'aatel*

ta''e! b* an a''$,e! t*'e .ate &eal ta'

Thi& i& t$ 'e,ent $!$/la!en an!

gem/la!en t$ i&e $ut $% the !ainage &*&tem

an! "$ntaminate the &u$un!ing

ai in the $$m

" Ea"h 'lumbing %i)tue ta' &hall be '$,i!e!

.ith ,ent 'i'e& Thi& i& t$ '$te"t the

!ainage &*&tem again&t &i'h$nage an! ba"<

'e&&ue an! t$ a&&ue ai

"i"ulati$n th$ugh$ut the !ainage &*&tem

! A "lean$ut( ea&il* a""e&&ible( &hall be

'$,i!e! %$ in&'e"ti$n $ "leaning $% the

'i'e un The l$"ati$n $% the "lean$ut &hall be:

/ At the u''e en! $% e,e* h$i0$ntal .a&te $

&$il 'i'e

/ At e,e* "hange $% h$i0$ntal !ie"ti$n $% n$t

m$e than 55>

!egee&/ ithin 1> m 4>39 in&i!e the '$'et*

line be%$e the h$u&e &e.e

"$nne"ti$n

/ At e,e* 1>m 4>39 t$ a h$i0$ntal un $% a &$il

$ .a&te 'i'e

e All h$i0$ntal 'i'ing &hall be un in 'a"ti"al

alignment an! at a uni%$m ga!e $%

n$t le&& than 5 $ 5 "m 'e mete t$.a! the

'$int $% !i&'$&al

% All h$i0$ntal 'i'ing &hall be &u''$te! an!

an"h$e! at inte,al& n$t t$ e)"ee! =

mete&

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g Deti"al 'i'ing &hall be &e"ue! at &u%%i"ientl*

"l$&e inte,al& t$ <ee' the 'i'e in

alignment Sta"<& &hall be '$'el* &u''$te! at

thei ba&e&EFINITION FROM NPC 1888

EITION

HOUSE + BUILING RAIN/ 'at $% the l$.e&th$i0$ntal 'i'ing $% a 'lumbing &*&tem(

.hi"h e"ei,e& the !i&"hage& %$m the &$il(

.a&te an! $the !ainage 'i'e& in&i!e $% a

buil!ing an! "$n,e*& it t$ the h$u&e &e.e

$ut&i!e $% the buil!ing HOUSE + BUILING

SEER / e)ten!& %$m the h$u&e !ain at a

'$int 7 mete&

%$m the $ut&i!e %a"e $% the %$un!ati$n .all $% a

buil!ing t$ the ;un"ti$n .ith the &teet

&e.e $ t$ an* '$int $% !i&"hage( an!

"$n,e*ing the !ainage $% $ne buil!ing &ite N$

h$u&e+buil!ing &e.e &hall be &malle than

1>mm in !iamete( n$ le&& in &i0e than the

h$u&e+buil!ing !ain

ASTE PIPE / "$n,e*& $nl* .a&te.ate $

li#ui! .a&te %ee $% %e"al matte

SOIL PIPE/ an* 'i'e .hi"h "$n,e*& the!i&"hage $% .ate "l$&et( uinal $ %i)tue&

ha,ing &imila %un"ti$n&( .ith $ .ith$ut the

!i&"hage& %$m $the %i)tue& t$ the buil!ing

!ain $ buil!ing &e.e

SOIL STAC PIPE/ a ,eti"al &$il 'i'e "$n,e*ing

%e"al matte an! .a&te .ate

DENT PIPE / u&e! %$ en&uing the "i"ulati$n $%

ai in a 'lumbing &*&tem an! %$

elie,ing the negati,e 'e&&ue e)ete! $n ta'

&eal&

DENT STAC/ the ,eti"al ,ent 'i'e in&talle!

'imail* %$ '$,i!ing "i"ulati$n $% ai t$

an! %$m an* 'at $% the &$il( .a&te $% the

!ainage &*&tem

SEPTIC TAN/ A .atetight "$,ee! e"e'ta"le

!e&igne! an! "$n&tu"te! t$ e"ei,e

the !i&"hage $% &e.age %$m a buil!ing &e.e(

&e'aate &$li!& %$m the li#ui!( !ige&t

$gani" matte an! &t$e !ige&te! &$li!& the

"lai%ie! li#ui!& t$ !i&"hage %$ %inal

!i&'$&al

PRIDATE SEAGE ISPOSAL SSTEM/ a

&e'ti" tan< .ith the e%%luent !i&"haging

int$ a &ub&u%a"e !i&'$&al %iel!( &ee'age 'it& $

$% &u"h $the %a"ilitie& $ ma* be

'emitte! b* the 'lumbing "$!e

ROOF GUTTER/ the .ate "$lle"t$ at the ea,e&

$% the buil!ing

ON SPOUT/ A ,eti"al 'i'e .hi"h "$n,e*&

ain .ate( al&$ <n$.n a& "$n!u"t$ $

ain .ate

STORM RAIN/ Re"ei,e& &t$m .ate ( "lea(

ain $ &u%a"e/.ate .a&te 4S9

CATCH BASIN/ A e"e'ta"le in .hi"h li#ui!& ae

etaine! %$ a &u%%i"ient 'ei$! $% time

t$ all$. mateial& t$ &ettle t$ !e'$&it

TRAP/ A %itting $ !e,i"e !e&igne! an!

"$n&tu"te! t$ '$,i!e( .hen '$'el* ,ente!( a

li#ui! &eal .hi"h 'e,ent& the ba"<%l$. $% %$ul ai

$ methane ga& .ith$ut mateiall*

a%%e"ting the %l$. $% &e.age $ .a&te .ate

th$ugh itMATERIALS USE FOR THE

PLUMBING RAINAGE SSTEM APPRODE

B

THE 1888 NATIONAL PLUMBING COE

ECRETA RAINAGE PIPING

1 Ca&t i$n

5 u"tile i$n

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= Gal,ani0e! &teel 4&hall n$t be u&e!

un!eg$un! e't at lea&t 1>5mm ab$,e

g$un!9

Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n 4&hall n$t be u&e!

un!eg$un! e't at lea&t 1>5mm

ab$,e g$un!9

> Lea!

7 C$''e

6 Ba&&

@ Seie& 1( ',"( !m,

8 E)ta &tength ,iti%ie! "la* 'i'e 4&hall n$t be

u&e! ab$,e g$un! At lea&t

=mm bel$. %ini&h g$un! le,el9

1A''$,e! mateial ha,ing &m$$th an!

uni%$m b$e

NOTE: ABS an! PDC D "an be u&e! in high

i&e buil!ing& at the !i&"eti$n $% the

RMP an! .ith the %ull "$n&ent $% the $.ne

RAINAGE FITTING

1 Ca&t I$n

5 Malleable

= Lea!

Ba&&

> C$''e

7 ABS

6 PDC

@ Diti%ie! "la*

DENT PIPES

1 Ca&t i$n

5 u"tile "a&t i$n

= Gal,ani0e! &teel

Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n

> Lea!

7 C$''e

6 Ba&&

@ S"he!ule ( ABS( D

8 Seie& 1( PDC( D

DENT STACS1 C$''e

5 Ca&t i$n

= Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n

PDC

DENT FITTINGS

1 Ca&t I$n

5 Gal,ani0e! malleable i$n

= Gal,ani0e! &teel

Lea!

> C$''e

7 Ba&&

6 ABS

@ PDC

ON SPOUT 4INTERIOR9

1 Ca&t i$n

5 Gal,ani0e! &teel

= I$n

Ba&&

> C$''e

7 Lea!

6 S"he! ( ABS( MD

@ Seie& 1( PDC( D

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ONSPOUT 4MEIUM HEIGHT BUILING9

1 GI 'i'e( &"h =

5 CISP( S

= C$''e tube( t*'e D

S"h ( ABS( D

> Seie& 1( PDC( D

ON SPOUT 4ETERIOR+ LO HT BLG9

1 57 GA( Gal,ani0e! &heet metal .ith &teel 'i'e

$ "a&t i$n at it& l$.e&t &e"ti$n

!aining t$ the "at"h ba&in

ON SPOUT 4HIGH RISE9

1 Shall be $% &t$nge 'i'e mateial& t$ e&i&t the

high h*!$&tati" 'e&&ue

ROOF RAIN1 Ca&t i$n

5 C$''e

= Othe "$$&i$n e&i&tant mateial&

TRAPS 4SEC 1= NPC 18889

1 ABS

5 Ca&t ba&&

= Ca&t i$n

Lea!

> PDC

Figue 5/ The %un"ti$n $% the ta' an! $ne $% the

&e,eal %un"ti$n& $% a ,ent 'e,enting

&i'h$nageLOSS OF TRAP SEAL/ Thi& %ailue"an be attibute! !ie"tl* t$ ina!e#uate

,entilati$n

$% the ta' an! the &ub&e#uent minu& an! 'lu&

'e&&ue& .hi"h $""u in the 'i'ing

&*&tem See %igue =

Fi,e 4>9 Cau&e $% Ta' Seal L$&&

1 Si'h$nage/ The .ith!a.al $% a li#ui! %$m a

ta' !ue t$ a &u"ti$n "au&e! b* li#ui! %l$.

in a 'i'e

a ie"t Sel%/ &i'h$nage

b In!ie"t $ M$mentum Si'h$nage5 Ba"<

Pe&&ue/ 'e&&ue !e,el$'e! in $''$&iti$n t$

the %l$. $% li#ui! in a 'i'e !ue t$

%i"ti$n( ga,it* $ &$me $the e&ti"ti$n t$ %l$. $%

the "$n,e*e! %lui! E)"e&&i,e 'e&&ue

at the l$.e&t ban"h "au&ing ta' &eal t$ l$$< %$

$'ening

= E,a'$ati$n/ O""u& .hen a %i)tue i& n$t

u&e! %$ a l$ng time A ee' &eal i& the be&t

&$luti$n but "l$g& the 'i'e !ue t$ a""umulate!

&$li! .a&te&

Ca'illa* Atta"ti$n/ %$eign $b;e"t& in the ta'&

ab&$bing ta' &eal

> in! E%%e"t&/ &t$ng .in!& th$ugh the ,ent

&*&tem %$"ing .ate $ut $% the ta'

SUPPORTS/ ae !e,i"e& %$ h$l!ing an!

&e"uing 'i'e& an! %i)tue& t$ .all&( "eiling(

%l$$& $ &tu"tual membe& Su''$t& in"lu!e

hange&( an"h$&( ba"<et&( an! "a!le&

INIRECT ASTE PIPING 4Se"ti$n @1 NPC

18889 The !ain& $% the %$ll$.ing e#ui'ment&

&hall n$t be !ie"tl* "$nne"te! t$ an* &$il(

.a&te an! ,ent 'i'e&

1 E,a'$ati,e "$$le

5 Ai a&he

= Ai C$n!iti$ne

C$l! St$age R$$m

> Re%igeat$

7 C$$ling C$unte

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6 F$$! an! in<& St$age

@ Culina*+ i&h.a&hing Sin< %$ %$$!

'e'aati$n R$$m

C$$ling an! ai "$n!iti$ning e#ui'ment& ma*

be &e'aate! b* an aibea<

F$$! e#ui'ment& &hall be &e'aate! %$m the

!ainage &*&tem b* a %ull aiga'

Aibea</ a 'h*&i"al &e'aati$n( .hi"h ma* be a

l$. inlet int$ the in!ie"t .a&te

e"e't$ %$m the %i)tue( a''lian"e $ !e,i"e

in!ie"tl* "$nne"te!( at lea&t 5>mm

Aiga'( !ainage/ the un$b&tu"te! ,eti"al

!i&tan"e th$ugh the %ee atm$&'hee

bet.een the l$.e&t $'ening %$m an* 'i'e('lumbing %i)tue( a''lian"e $ a''utenan"e

"$n,e*ing .a&te t$ the %l$$! le,el im $% the

e"e't$RAINAGE( ASTE AN DENT 4D9

PIPING SSTEM

The !ainage &*&tem i& "$m'$&e! $% g$u'& $%

'i'e& an! %itting& that "$n,e* .a&te

%$m the buil!ing t$ the '$'e mean& $% !i&'$&al

&*&tem

1 Buil!ing Se.e/ That 'at $% the h$i0$ntal

'i'ing $% a !ainage &*&tem .hi"h

&*&tem .hi"h e)ten!& %$m the en! $% the

buil!ing an! .hi"h e"ei,e& the

!i&"hage $% the buil!ing !ain an! "$n,e*& it t$

the 'ubli" &e.e( 'i,ate &e.e(

in!i,i!ual &e.age !i&'$&al &*&tem $ $the '$int

$% !i&'$&al

5 Buil!ing !ain/ the 'at $% the l$.e&t h$i0$ntal

'i'ing $% a 'lumbing &*&tem

.hi"h e"ei,e& the !i&"hage %$m &$il( .a&te

an! $the !ainage 'i'e& in&i!e $%

a buil!ing an! "$n,e*& it t$ the h$u&e &e.e

= Se.age i&'$&al S*&tem A &*&tem %$ the

teatment an! !i&'$&al $% !$me&ti"

&e.age b* mean& $% a &e'ti" tan<( "e&&'$$l( $me"hani"al teatment( all

!e&igne! t$ &e,e a &ingle e&tabli&hment(

!e,el$'ment $ buil!ing

The !ainage 'i'ing &*&tem "$ntain& %itting& that

&e,e a& !ain&( ta'& an! ,ent&

ain&/ %itting& u&e! %$ !aining %lui! %$m '$int

$% u&e t$ the 'i'ing &*&tem

Ta'&/ %itting& $ !e,i"e !e&igne! an!

"$n&tu"te! t$ '$,i!e a li#ui! &eal .hi"h

'e,ent

the ba"< 'a&&age $% ai .ith$ut mateiall*

a%%e"ting the %l$. $% &e.age $ .ate th$ugh

it

Dent&/'i'e& an! %itting& in&talle! in the &*&tem t$

'$,i!e ai "i"ulati$n &$ a& t$ '$te"t

ta' &eal& %$m &i'h$nage an! ba"<

'e&&ueTPES OF TRAP COMMONL USE

IN RESIENTIAL FITURES

1 P/ Ta' u&e! at la,at$ie&( &in<&( %l$$ !ain

an! &"u''e&

5 um Ta' u&e! at bathtub& an! bi!et&

= H$u&e Ta'

Othe A''lian"e&

a Ba"< %l$. ,al,e

b Fl$. "$nt$l ,al,e

" Gea&e ta'+ gea&e inte"e't$um Ta'/ A

"*lin!i"al ta'

"$mm$nl* u&e! $n the !ain 'i'e

%$m a bathtub $ un!e the

bath$$m %l$$SIESS AN CAPACITIES OF

GREASE TRAPS

SIES IMENSIONS

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4mm9

L ) ) H

PIPE SIE INLET

AN OUTLET

4mmV9

FLO RATE

GPM LPS

/ 568 V ) 517 >1 5 1=

/ =1V ) 5= >1 = 18

/ ==V ) 51 >1 5>

/ =>7 ) 568 >1 > =5

1 =@1 ) => ) 5@= >1 6

5 7 ) =>7 ) 58@ >1 1 7=

= 6 ) ) =5 >1 1> 8>

758 ) 8> ) =@1 >1 5 157

> 788 ) 58 ) 1 67 5> 1@

7 675 ) 6 ) 6 67 => 551

6 @=5 ) >5 ) >1@ 67 >/>> =1>

@ @6= ) >>8 ) >@ 67 6> 6=

8 85 ) 65 ) @8 67 8> 7

1 1@= ) @>1 ) 8>= 67 1 7=1

11 15@ ) 117 ) 17 67 15> 6@8

15 155 ) 1> ) 158 15 1> 87

1= 1>8 ) 11> ) 11>7 15 5 1575

1 1@ ) 1=@ ) 156 15/156 5> 1>66

1> 558 ) 1@7 ) 117 156/1>5 = 1@8=

Ba"< Fl$. Dal,e/ e,i"e

that 'e,ent& the e,e&al $%

%l$. .hi"h might %l$$! an!

"au&e !amage t$ the

buil!ing

H$u&e Ta'/ a !e,i"e

in&talle! t$ 'e,ent

"i"ulati$n $% ai bet.een the

!ainage $% the buil!ing an!

the buil!ing &e.eN$te: Minimum height $%

@8mm e#uie! %$m "$,e $% gea&e ta' t$

b$tt$m $% %i)tue&

&e,e!

S$u"e: Metma Ta!ing an! In!u&tial

"$'$ati$n

CAT N$ 1>

POT N$ 51@6

FLO CONTROL DALDE IS

RECOMMENE FOR

INSTALLATION BEEEN

FREE LEDEL HANLE RAIN

AN GREASE TRAP TO

PREDENT FATS FROM

CLOGGING INTO PIPES

FREE LEDEL HANLE RAIN

4METMA BRAN9

USING FREE LEDEL HANLE

RAIN IS FOR EAS

RIPPING OF ASTE

ATER FROM ITCHEN

SINGREASE TRAP+ GREASE

INTERCEPTOR

NOTE:

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Gea&e ta' i& n$t e#uie! %$ in!i,i!ual !.elling

unit& $ %$ an* 'i,ate li,ing

#uate& 4&e" 1111( NPC 18889

: N$ %$$! .a&te !i&'$&al unit &hall be "$nne"te!

t$ $ !i&"hage! int$ an* gea&e

ta' 4Se" 11=( NPC 18889

SIING OF GRESE INTERCEPTORS 4TABLE

1/( NPC 18889

CK M ) ) R ) F

GREASE TRAP A EDICE FOR

REMODING FAT AN GREASE

FROM ASTE ATER B

ALLOING THE RETAINE

LIJUI TO COOL AN THE

GREASE TO SOLIIF- THEN

THE GREASE IS SEPARATE B

FLOATATION- IT RISES TO THE

TOP OF THE TRAP( HERE IT IS

HEL THE PRIME PURPOSE OF

A GREASE TRAP IS TO ASSURE

A FREE FLOING RAINAGE

THROUGH PIPE LINES AT ALL

TIMES B INTERCEPTING(

ACCUMULATING AN

RECODERING GLOBULES OF

GREASE FAT AN OILS FROM

ASTE ATER

NOTE:

1 Cubi" meteK 57 gall$n&HERE:

CK &i0e $% gea&e inte"e't$& 4li#ui! "a'a"it*9

MK Numbe $% meal& &e,e! at 'ea< h$u

RK a&te %l$. ate-

ith !i&h.a&hing ma"hine 7 gall$n %l$.

4'e meal+ !a*9

ith$ut !i&h.a&hing ma"hine > gall$n %l$.

4'e meal+ !a*9

Single &e,i"e <it"hen 5 gall$n %l$.

4'e meal+ !a*9

F$$! .a&te !i&'$&e 1 gall$n %l$. 4'e

meal+ !a*9

H$&'ital <it"hen 5> gall$n + be! + !a*

FK St$age Fa"t$&

Full* e#ui''e! "$mme"ial <it"hen

@ h$u $'eati$n: 1

1@ h$u $'eati$n: 5

5 h$u $'eati$n: =

Single &e,i"e <it"hen: 1>

SAMPLE PROBLEM-

etemine the "a'a"it* an! ,$lume $% the gea&e

ta' %$ a "anteen that &e,e&

an a,eage $% > meal& a !a* that i& $'en %$m

11: am t$ 6:'m

SOLUTION: SK M ) ) R ) F K > ) > ) 5>

) 1

SK W K 75> gall$n&

MK > meal&

K> "al+ meal+ !a*

RK 5> h$u&

FK 1

S$l,e %$ ,$lume $% gea&e ta' 4D9 m=

4"ubi" mete9

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DK 75>+ 57 K 5=6 "ubi" mete ,$lume $%

gea&e ta'

OTHER METHOS USE FOR SIING THE

GREASE INTERCEPTOR

F$ gea&e ta'& the &e,e n$n/&"he!ule!

meal& t$ a n$n&'e"i%i" numbe $%

$""u'ant&( a& in e&tauant&( %a&t %$$!& &e,i"e&

an! lun"he$nette&-

C K 8 4 ) N ) H ) G ) S9hee:

CK Li#ui! "a'a"it*

K Fa"ilit* a""e&& "$e%%i"ient

K 15> %$ %ee.a*&

K 1 %$ e"eati$n aea&

K @ %$ main high.a*&

K > %$ le&&e $a!&

NK numbe $% &eat& 4u&e %a"ti$nal ,alue i%

$""u'an"* i& ael* %ull9

HK Numbe $% h$u& 'e !a* $% $'eati$n

GK a&te %l$. ate 4geneal ,alue i& > Gal&9

SK Se.age "a'a"it* %a"t$

K 16 %$ $ut%l$. t$ 'ubli" &e.e

K 5> %$ $ut%l$. t$ $''$&ite !i&'$&al

F$ gea&e ta'& that &e,e &"he!ule! meal& t$

a &'e"i%i" numbe $% $""u'ant&

a& in h$&'ital& ( nu&ing h$me& an! &"h$$l&-

CK 1 4M ) G ) S9

hee-

MK numbe $% &"he!ule! meal& &e,e! 'e !a*-

1( 5 $ =

TPES OF DENTS

1 Main &$il an! .a&te ,ent

5 Main ,ent

= In!i,i!ual ,ent $ ba"< ,ent

Unit ,ent

> Ci"uit ,ent $ l$$' ,ent

7 Relie% ,ent

6 $<e ,ent

@ et ,ent

8 L$$'e! ,ent

1 Utilit* ,entMain &$il an! .a&te ,ent The'$ti$n $%

&$il &ta"< 'i'e ab$,e the highe&t in&talle!

%i)tue ban"h e)ten!ing th$ugh the $$%

In!i,i!ual ,ent $ ba"< ,ent The '$ti$n $% the

,ent 'i'e &*&tem .hi"h &e,e& a &ingle %i)tue

Main ,ent The 'in"i'al '$ti$n $% the ,ent

'i'e &*&tem t$ .hi"h ,ent ba"he& ma* be

"$nne"te! It &e,e& a& a "$lle"ting ,ent

line

Unit ,ent The '$ti$n $% the ,ent 'i'e &*&tem

.hi"h ,entilate& t.$ %i)tue $% &imila !e&ign

in&talle! $n $''$&ite &i!e& $% a 'atiti$nThe ,ent

&ta"< i&

in&talle! bet.een

the 5

n!

an! =

!

%i)tue

a& a 'e"auti$n In

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the "a&e the &$il

ban"h be"$me&

"l$gge!( the =

!

%i)tue &"$u& the

'i'e $% %e"al .a&te

.hi"h ma* $b&tu"t

the ,ent

Ci"uit ,ent $ l$$' ,ent The '$ti$n $% the

!ainage &*&tem .hi"h ,entilate& t.$ $

m$e %i)tue ta'& that !i&"hage int$ a &$il $

.a&te ban"h

i&'$&al %iel! aea:

AK 41> X 5> X 1>9 1@

AK > m5

Y 6 m5

4ule $% thumb9

Re,i&e !i&tan"e $% ten"he&

K 6+ 5@ K 5> m

SOIL

PERCOLATION

RATE 45>mm9 419

APPLICATION RATE

4GP+ SJ METER9

1 minute >6

5 minute& 755

> =

1 56=

1> 18=>

5 1715

= 11@=

> @7

7 >=Relie% Dent The '$ti$n $% the ,ent 'i'e

in&tallati$n that 'emit& a!!iti$nal "i"ulati$n $%

ai

a$un! the !ainage 'i'e& t$ eliminate ba"<

'e&&ue an! eta!ati$n $% .a&te %l$.

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