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f PLENARY AND GUEST SPEAKERS WELCOME AND OPENING PLENARY: Jon W. Allan, Director, Michigan Office of the Great Lakes Jon Allan became Director of the Office of the Great Lakes director in 2012, contributing his considerable experience in aquatic sciences and fisheries & wildlife to the office’s mission to protect, restore, and sustain the Great Lakes watershed. With nearly three decades of experience in environmental and energy policy, he has professionally applied his understanding of ecological management in a variety of academic, corporate, and public occupations. Allan’s research on wetlands, stream ecology, and water policy has been published in journals in Canada and the U.S. Organizations and individuals rely on his expertise to lead environmental planning and policy projects in Michigan and the Great Lakes region. Prior to his service with the State of Michigan, Allan taught courses in biology, ecology and environmental impact assessment at his alma mater, Michigan State University, and with other institutions. He also has held a variety of executive management positions in the private sector and has worked in the not-for profit sector. Allan advised during the Great Lakes Compact negotiations and co-chaired the State’s Water Resources Advisory Council tasked with formulating the state's implementation of the Great Lakes Compact. He has contributed his expertise in a range of roles with the State of Michigan, including those with Michigan's Groundwater Conservation Advisory Council, the Michigan Climate Action Council, and the Environmental Advisory Council for the Michigan DEQ. Allan serves as Chair of the Great Lakes Commission and is a board member or an advisor to numerous other regional organizations including the International Joint Commission’s Water Quality Board, the Great Lakes Executive Committee for the Water Quality Agreement, Great Ships Initiative and Michigan Sea Grant among others. He also serves on the Executive Committee for the Conference of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers. WELCOME AND OPENING PLENARY: Palencia Mobley, P.E., Deputy Director/Chief Engineer, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department Palencia Mobley, P.E. was appointed as the Deputy Director/Chief Engineer of the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department by Mayor Mike Duggan and approved by the Board of Water Commissioners in January 2016. In her role, she is responsible for the engineering, operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation/replacement of the linear water and sewer infrastructure. In addition, Ms. Mobley is also responsible for implementation of the department’s green infrastructure program as well which includes establishing a stormwater management office to meet NPDES and MS4 permit requirements. Prior to her appointment as Deputy Director, Mobley led the operations negotiations on behalf of the City for establishment of the new Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA). The GLWA is a regional water authority which pays the DWSD $50 million per year for the next 40 years to lease and operate the water and wastewater treatment facilities which serve Southeastern Michigan. This lease payment will be the primary funding source for future infrastructure investments, allowing the department to go from a $25 million to $75-$100 million annual capital improvement investment. Mobley is focused on improving customer service, developing a long-term capital improvement plan, and enhancing the development and training of DWSD staff. Mobley, an authority on water infrastructure and environmental engineering, has nearly twenty years of experience in planning, design and construction administration and management services for water and wastewater utilities across the country. She co-authored a proposal to the U.S. Department of Housing

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PLENARY AND GUEST SPEAKERS

WELCOME AND OPENING PLENARY: Jon W. Allan, Director, Michigan Office of the Great Lakes Jon Allan became Director of the Office of the Great Lakes director in 2012, contributing his considerable experience in aquatic sciences and fisheries & wildlife to the office’s mission to protect, restore, and sustain the Great Lakes watershed. With nearly three decades of experience in environmental and energy policy, he has professionally applied his understanding of ecological management in a variety of academic, corporate, and public occupations. Allan’s research on wetlands, stream ecology, and water policy has been published in journals in Canada and the U.S. Organizations and individuals rely on his expertise to lead environmental planning and policy projects in Michigan and the Great Lakes region.

Prior to his service with the State of Michigan, Allan taught courses in biology, ecology and environmental impact assessment at his alma mater, Michigan State University, and with other institutions. He also has held a variety of executive management positions in the private sector and has worked in the not-for profit sector.

Allan advised during the Great Lakes Compact negotiations and co-chaired the State’s Water Resources Advisory Council tasked with formulating the state's implementation of the Great Lakes Compact. He has contributed his expertise in a range of roles with the State of Michigan, including those with Michigan's Groundwater Conservation Advisory Council, the Michigan Climate Action Council, and the Environmental Advisory Council for the Michigan DEQ.

Allan serves as Chair of the Great Lakes Commission and is a board member or an advisor to numerous other regional organizations including the International Joint Commission’s Water Quality Board, the Great Lakes Executive Committee for the Water Quality Agreement, Great Ships Initiative and Michigan Sea Grant among others. He also serves on the Executive Committee for the Conference of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers.

WELCOME AND OPENING PLENARY: Palencia Mobley, P.E., Deputy Director/Chief Engineer, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department Palencia Mobley, P.E. was appointed as the Deputy Director/Chief Engineer of the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department by Mayor Mike Duggan and approved by the Board of Water Commissioners in January 2016. In her role, she is responsible for the engineering, operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation/replacement of the linear water and sewer infrastructure. In addition, Ms. Mobley is also responsible for implementation of the department’s green infrastructure program as well which includes establishing a stormwater management office to meet NPDES and MS4 permit requirements. Prior to her appointment as Deputy Director, Mobley led the operations negotiations on behalf of the City for establishment of the new Great Lakes

Water Authority (GLWA). The GLWA is a regional water authority which pays the DWSD $50 million per year for the next 40 years to lease and operate the water and wastewater treatment facilities which serve Southeastern Michigan. This lease payment will be the primary funding source for future infrastructure investments, allowing the department to go from a $25 million to $75-$100 million annual capital improvement investment.

Mobley is focused on improving customer service, developing a long-term capital improvement plan, and enhancing the development and training of DWSD staff. Mobley, an authority on water infrastructure and environmental engineering, has nearly twenty years of experience in planning, design and construction administration and management services for water and wastewater utilities across the country. She co-authored a proposal to the U.S. Department of Housing

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and Urban Development that resulted in an $8.9 million discretionary allocation for planning and resiliency for the City of Detroit. Mobley is passionate about green infrastructure for stormwater management and use of Detroit’s greatest asset, publicly owned land, to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Mobley is a graduate of the University of Michigan with Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering and Wayne State University with a Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering. In 2006, she became one of the youngest minority women to ever attain licensure as a Professional Engineer in the State of Michigan.

Silos to Bridges: Day 1 Panel Presentation How Detroit local government is building bridges across departments while advancing stormwater management: Palencia Mobley, Chief Engineer and Deputy Director, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department will describe the DWSD's collaborations with the other units of local government to advance stormwater management at the same time as addressing challenges of property vacancy, including Housing and Revitalization, Planning, Public Works, and Public Health. By building bridges across traditionally siloed governmental functions, DWSD is working to contribute to the broader aims to advance the city of Detroit.

KEYNOTE: Adam Freed, Principal, Sustainability Practice, Bloomberg Associates Adam Freed has more than 15 years of experience working on local and global urban issues, with a focus on sustainability, resilience and economic development. At Bloomberg Associates, Freed works with clients to craft and implement sustainability strategies and actions that go well beyond the environment — cutting costs, protecting health, increasing resilience, creating jobs and improving a city’s image.

Prior to joining Bloomberg Associates, Freed was the Deputy Managing Director of The Nature Conservancy’s Global Water Program, where he worked to help cities have safe, sustainable, and reliable water supplies. From 2008-2012, he served as Deputy Director of the New York City Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability, overseeing the implementation of

PlaNYC and related sustainability initiatives and developing the city’s first climate resilience program. As part of PlaNYC, the City planted 750,000 trees, created more than 200 new community playgrounds, enacted the nation’s most aggressive green buildings legislation, achieved the cleanest air quality in over 50 years, announced the largest expansion of its recycling program in 25 years, launched a $2 billion green infrastructure program, and lowered its GHG emissions 19%.

In addition to his time with City government, Freed was an Assistant Comptroller in the Office of the New York State Comptroller, where he led the review of large-scale economic development projects and crafted corporate governance strategies for the State’s $150 billion retirement fund.

Freed is also a Lecturer at Columbia University, a member of the NYC Water Board, and on the Board of ioby, a crowd-resourcing platform to support community-led improvement projects. He received his master's in Urban Planning from New York University and was a Mel King Community Fellow at MIT.

GUEST SPEAKER: Andrew J. Reese, PE, LEED-AP, D-WRE, Vice President, Amec Foster Wheeler Andy Reese is a Vice President for Amec Foster Wheeler and has over 35 years of experience in a wide range of stormwater management and surface water assignments from research in hydraulics and hydrology and modeling to public awareness campaigns and stormwater utility implementation. His current focus is municipal stormwater management with special emphasis on Green Infrastructure and stormwater programs and funding.

Reese is a popular speaker and thought leader having spoken at over fifty conferences including keynoting the inaugural STORMCON and the first Water Environment Federation Stormwater Congress. He has taught many short courses on topics related to stormwater management including recent webinars on Voo Doo Hydrology, Stormwater Utility Development and Green Infrastructure Program Development. He has published over fifty articles and papers including the best-selling textbook Municipal Stormwater Management and has worked in all 50 states and several provinces and other countries.

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SESSION SPEAKERS

ABEE-TAULLI, PAMELA, Environmental Planner, Develop Services Department, City of Austin, Texas Pamela Abee-Taulli received her M.S. in Community and Regional Planning from the University of Texas at Austin in 2008 and earned a LEED Green Associate credential in 2012. She is currently working on revising the landscape code and developing a Green Streets policy, as part of the larger revision of the Austin Land Development Code. Abee-Taulli has focused on green infrastructure since 2011, when she began working in the Planning division of the Watershed Protection Department, City of Austin. Abee-Taulli gardens and volunteers with school gardening and “greening” programs. Her first career was as a professor of Japanese literature, in which she has a

doctorate from Princeton University. Challenges for Developing and Implementing Green Infrastructure Policy Coordination is a significant challenge for developing effective green infrastructure (GI) policy. GI is multi-functional: from treating stormwater to improving human and environmental health, from combating air pollution and heat-island-effect to beautifying the environment through landscaping. But GI not only has many purposes; its diverse benefits appeal to multiple municipal and community actors. This presentation identifies organizational, procedural, and structural challenges for implementing GI, and offers strategies for designing workable policies.

ADDIS, CARRIE, Green Growth Manager, Eastside Community Network Carrie Addis joined the Eastside Community Network team this year as the Green Growth Manager, to develop and manage ECN's green initiative programs. She holds a B.S. of Environmental Science and M.S. of Biology (concentration in ecology/aquatic ecotoxicology) from Wayne State University. During college she helped found the small crowdfunded Detroit Reforesters 501(c)(3) which worked with neighbors to transform vacant lots into native reforested green spaces, and she aims to help citizens understand and embrace environmental practices within the urban landscape.

Strengthening Green Infrastructure Capacity By Increasing Social Capital in Urban Communities See Tonja Stapleton biography.

ALBRO, SANDRA, Research Associate, Applied Urban Ecology, Cleveland Botanical Garden / Holden Forests & Gardens Sandra Albro investigates how improvements to existing soils and addition of plants improve the ecological and social value of vacant urban land. Her topics of interest include stormwater management, low-maintenance plants, and human use of urban green space. She is Project Manager for Vacant to Vibrant, a Great Lakes Protection Fund–supported initiative to evaluate the success of clusters of small green infrastructure projects to achieve multiple community benefits in Gary, IN; Cleveland, OH; and Buffalo, NY.

Evaporative Loss: An Underestimated Aspect of Stormwater Management BMPs

ALLEN, TASHYA, Coastal Hazards Specialist, NOAA Office for Coastal Management Tashya Allen is a Coastal Hazards Specialist working for The Baldwin Group, Inc. at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office for Coastal Management, headquartered in Charleston, S.C. Tashya’s background is in community-based risk and vulnerability assessments and risk communication. She also specializes in the development of decision support tools for community resilience planning. Reducing Coastal Hazard Impacts with Green Infrastructure: A Tour of NOAA Resources Co-Presenter: Rachel Franks Taylor, The Baldwin Group Green infrastructure approaches are increasingly being considered as effective options for coastal communities aiming to reduce flooding, adapt to climate change, and protect the health of coastal waters and ecosystems. During this session, attendees will visualize potential coastal hazards and climate impacts in the Great Lakes and learn how green infrastructure can be effective in reducing impacts. Attendees will learn about a suite of products that NOAA has developed to support coastal managers and planners getting started in landscape scale green infrastructure planning efforts:

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• The Considering Climate Change in Coastal Conservation Guide and interactive How To helps planners update their conservation plans or develop new plans that incorporate hazard and climate information.

• Once conservation strategies are established, the Green Infrastructure Mapping Guide can help spatial analysts develop a GIS work plan to map priority conservation areas that account for coastal hazards and climate change.

• For those looking to not only increase their community’s resilience to hazards but also reduce flood insurance premiums, NOAA has developed another interactive How To that helps communities prioritize open space that qualifies for credit through FEMA’s Community Rating System.

• To accomplish these conservation prioritization efforts across the landscape, planners need land cover data and NOAA recently released high-resolution land cover for the Great Lakes.

Toledo’s Green Infrastructure Journey – The Whys, Wows, Woes, and What’s Next See Katie Rousseau biography.

ATKINSON, ASHLEY, Co-Director, Keep Growing Detroit Ashley Atkinson has worked in the field of community gardening, urban greening, and vacant land reuse for 18 years. She currently serves as a Co-Director at Keep Growing Detroit, whose mission is to promote a food sovereign Detroit, where the majority of fruits and vegetables consumed by Detroiters are grown by residents within the city limits. KGD supports a network of more than 1,400 gardens and farms in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park. Atkinson is a graduate of both Michigan State University and the University of Michigan where she studied International Development, Community Organization, and Environmental/Land Use Planning. In 2012, she was one of ten young people selected by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to receive their Young

Leaders in Health award in celebration of the foundation’s 40th Anniversary.

Rain Gardens to the Rescue: Uniting Urban Agriculture and Water Conservation Movements Co-presenters: Erma Leaphart, Siera Club – Great Lakes Program; Cynthia Ross, Friends of the Rouge The panel will highlight the work involved and successes associated with the “Growing Sustainable Water Solutions: Rain Gardens to the Rescue” project which involves leveraging the knowledge and expertise of community based urban agriculture and Great Lakes basin water protection and restoration organizations to reach new and broader grass roots audiences, incorporate economic development, and strengthen connections between the related issues of food, water and the environment. Panel members from Keep Growing Detroit, Friends of the Rouge, and the Sierra Club will discuss the initiative’s origins, implementation, success to date, challenges, what’s next, along with each organizations’ roles in bringing the idea to reality.

Gardens and farms cannot exist without access to water and most gardens struggle with consistent sources of water. Gardens on vacant lots usually do not have access to city water, the infrastructure long removed along with the house that used to be there. It is cost prohibitive to re-install connections and to pay the combined water and sewage rate. Most gardeners have been using simple methods, like mulching, to ensure the maximum capture of water and drip irrigation to control the amount of water plants receive. The Detroit urban agriculture community is full of innovators, many of whom have been designing and creating water catchment systems. The opportunity is ripe to comprehensively address the challenge of water access, while aiding storm water management efforts. Bringing together the urban agriculture and conservation communities creates new opportunities to develop green infrastructure and other technologies that provide both a more reliable and realist water source for growers and improve the impact of storm water on the city and environment.

The Rain Gardens to the Rescue program educates and enables residents to build rain gardens, water catchment systems, and healthy soils to help manage storm water and conserve water. Participants grow into “rain garden ambassadors” - teaching others about rain gardens, assisting with rain garden plantings, and spreading the message about the importance and need for rain gardens in the community. In its first year, residents worked together to plant 13 rain gardens (most in their front yards) capturing a total of 1,600 gallons of water off of their rooftops per storm. In its second year, 15 rain gardens will be planted. Another 20 gardens are planned to be planted in 2017. The program is also helping develop our local native plant industry. Keep Growing Detroit used seed from the Michigan Wildflower Farm and hand collected on Belle Isle to grow 1,254 native plants in the greenhouse at Plum Street Market Garden, which were used in all of the Rain Gardens to the Rescue plantings.

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BARLOCK, RACHAEL, Engineer, OHM Advisors Rachael Barlock received her BS in Environmental Engineering and MS in Civil Engineering focusing in Water Resources from Michigan Technological University in 2011 and 2013. She has been working for OHM Advisors since graduating and has been focused in working with hydrologic and hydraulic models for water distribution and wastewater and stormwater collection systems. Rachael has recently been working on the Stormwater Asset Management and Wastewater (SAW) projects, which involve field inventory of open channel and stormwater systems, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of the systems, and recommending both conventional stormwater solutions and green

infrastructure to communities. Rachael has experience with SWMM-based modeling programs and HEC-RAS.

Comparison of Micro-Modeling and Simplified Modeling of a Stormwater System As technology advances, communities can access detailed information about their utilities, which allows for the development of more complex hydrologic models that can be used to predict runoff patterns for the design of Green Infrastructure. This presents a contrast between conventional “Simplified Models” and “Micro-Models” that introduce multiple new variables to explain the runoff impacts different types of surfaces.

SWMM-based models were developed to compare the two modeling philosophies. Aerial imagery and field reconnaissance were used to divide a residential area into catchments and subcatchments. For the Micro-Model, these subcatchments were created for every different surface (rooftops, driveways, streets, grass) and routed based on topography to either an adjacent subcatchment, the street, or the storm sewer. For the Simplified Model, impervious percentage was used as the primary variable to predict runoff potential. Flow meter data were available at key storm sewer outfalls in the modeled area so as to validate the models against observed conditions. Upon comparing the modeled flow to observed data, the total flow volumes and peak flows varied significantly between the Micro-Model and Simplified Model.

This modeling experience is an example of the Parsimony (or Occam’s Razor) Principle, which states that with all things being equal, the simplest solution is most often the best solution. Increasing the number of variables, as was done with the Micro-Model, increases the uncertainty and the level of complexity. The natural test of this theory is to create a Simplified Model (fewer variables) and test this model against the observed flows and against the Micro-Model. In an attempt to obtain more accurate results and stay true to a parsimonious approach, a Simplified Model was created using the most critical hydrologic variables. The Simplified Model results in a single hydrograph (combining pervious and impervious), while the Micro-Model had seven combined hydrographs.

Upon the initial test of the Simplified Model (without calibration), the peak flows and total runoff volumes more closely matched observed conditions than the Micro-Model. This was repeated over multiple storm events during the flow monitoring period. With minor calibration to key hydrologic parameters, such as percent directly connected impervious area (DCIA), depressional storage in pervious areas, and saturated soil conductivity, the Simplified Model provided an even better fit to observed flows. This paper describes the challenges and drawbacks of creating a Micro-Model for stormwater runoff calculations, using a Simplified Model as a baseline approach to demonstrate that similar (if not better) results can occur with less model complexity. The Micro-Model methodology was developed with the best of intentions in order to account for the runoff contributions from every type of runoff source in a residential environment. Had the Micro-Model performed well during the validation of observed flows, we would have considered this a success. However, as the Simplified Model provided a better fit to observed data and took much less time to build and calibrate, it raises serious questions about the need for complexity beyond the basic SWMM runoff model structure that has been used for urban runoff modeling for decades.

BATTS, DAVID, Director, Convergent Water Technologies David Batts is a ten year veteran of the stormwater industry where he is a Director at Texas based Construction EcoServices, as well as a Director at a nationally known manufacturer, Convergent Water Technologies. David focuses his efforts on looking for better ways to design, build and maintain Green Infrastructure BMPs. Construction EcoServices is a multidisciplinary firm that focusses on all aspects of stormwater management, from Stormwater Pollution Prevention, to Turn-Key Design and Construction of various BMPs, and their long-term maintenance for property owners.

David's experiences at CES give him a unique perspective on the challenges of implementing Green Infrastructure.

Design Thinking Resilient Green Infrastructure BMP's: Lesson's Learned Green Infrastructure is an economical and effective strategy for protecting and restoring water quality by preventing polluting stormwater runoff and reducing peak-flow discharge. It does this by mimicking a site’s natural surface water and groundwater hydrology. Green Infrastructure has become increasingly popular across the country where it is used

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to reduce detention volume, maximize land for development, and improve water quality. Although designers are becoming increasingly aware of how to design these systems, a lack of awareness from contractors and maintenance crews have become the biggest obstacle to success. This talk introduces a concept called Design Thinking that focuses on three basic principles; focus on the end user, multidiscipline teams and restless reinvention. David Batts will discuss how Design Thinking will not only lead to more successful Green Infrastructure Projects, but specifically how this process has helped one firm fine tune their design, construction and maintenance processes to focus more on preventing common construction and maintenance issues associated with bioretention and permeable pavement through strong specifications and QA/QC.

BLAIR, MICHAEL, Infrastructure Support Specialist, Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD) Michael Blair currently oversees the maintenance contracts for the NEORSD’s green infrastructure sites. Prior to working at the NEORSD, Blair worked for 10 years as a project manager under contract to the U.S. EPA’s Superfund Technical Assistance and Response Team (START) conducting site assessments, time critical removal actions and emergency responses.

A Property Management Model for GI Maintenance in Cleveland See Ray Hyland biography.

BOOS, AUTUMN, Director of Sales and Marketing, Midwest Floating Island Autumn Boos holds a B.A. degree from Wittenberg and an MBA from Northwestern University, Kellogg School. She has led the Midwest Floating Island business over three years. Boos frequently speaks at conferences, engineering firms and landscape architectural firms about the technology and applications of floating wetlands.

Floating Islands - Green Infrastructure Technology for Water Quality and Habitat Co-Presenter: Brian Boyer, Keiser & Associates, LLC States and provinces around the Great Lakes have a significant number of impaired water bodies, and there are limited tools to improve water quality once the water has run off the land. Since the passage of the Clean Water Act Amendments, there has been increased focus on meeting stormwater treatment requirements. Floating islands, also called floating treatment wetlands (FTW's) or wetland bioreactors, could become an important BMP for both waterbody retro-fits and new stormwater ponds. Man-made floating islands were designed to bio-mimic natural floating bogs. Utilizing a buoyant matrix mat and native vegetation, the floating wetlands provide both better surface water quality and valuable habitat to improve the eco-system.

In this session, we will examine the technology, multiple benefits, applications from around the U.S., New Zealand, and China, and a recent installation at Western Michigan University (WMU) in Kalamazoo. Technology: The floating wetlands utilize scientifically proven processes to significantly reduce TSS, nitrate, ammonium, phosphates, BOD and heavy metals from water bodies. The floating wetlands compete with the algae and thus have the potential to reduce algal blooms.

Multiple studies show that an estimated 6% of the water cleaning is actually from plant uptake. A significant part of the success of floating wetlands comes from the hanging roots and the island material, which provides excellent habitat for microbes due to the dense fibers and porous texture. Waterbodies already contain microbes but may lack attachment refugia so microbes often float in the water column as individuals. Once an island is launched, microbes can latch on to the island’s matrix and form a colony. Microbes will secrete a sticky substance as a means to link with others, creating biofilm. The sticky biofilm clings to other organisms in the water as well, including green algae, cyanobacteria, and zooplankton. The amalgamation is known as periphyton. Periphyton as a community is exponentially larger in surface area than a single microbe. This increase in surface area results in more contact between microbes and nutrient rich water, leading to greater nutrient removal. Multiple Benefits: The floating wetlands provide multiple benefits and many applications. Benefits include water quality, wetland habitat, biodiversity, beautification, and erosion reduction. For habitat benefits, the islands can be vegetated to attract pollinators and the edges can been sloped for riparian habitat to attract frogs and turtles. Islands can be constructed for a specific species such as a loon island. Macroinvertebrates will live in and below the island, providing biodiversity for the waterbody.

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BOYER, BRIAN, Environmental Engineering Manager, Keiser & Associates, LLC Brian Boyer holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Engineering from Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan. He has 20 years of environmental consulting and engineering experience. Boyer joined Kieser & Associates in 1999 where he currently leads the firm's engineering design of stream restoration projects, best management practices involving innovative, large-scale stormwater treatment systems as well as low impact development and green infrastructure projects. He has presented and published on issues of urban stormwater compliance

with TMDLs, and the associated costs of stormwater controls. Boyer is a Past-President of the Southwest Michigan Branch of ASCE and has served on the Water Environment Federation National Awards Committee for Municipal Stormwater and Green Infrastructure.

Floating Islands - Green Infrastructure Technology for Water Quality and Habitat See Autumn Boos biography.

Monitoring Urban Green Infrastructure for Watershed-Scale Improvements In 2002 and 2003, a Watershed Management Plan (WMP) was initiated within the Portage-Arcadia Creek Watershed which involved numerous stakeholders in the heart of Kalamazoo, MI. As part of this initial planning process, intensive in-stream water quality monitoring was conducted for a full year near the mouth of Portage Creek and Arcadia Creek to quantify annual sediment and phosphorus loading to the Kalamazoo River. Fast-forward a decade after substantial progress toward implementation of recommended urban stormwater controls including several green infrastructure projects. In 2012, stakeholders of the Portage-Arcadia Creek Watershed, within the larger Kalamazoo River Watershed, received two concurrent MDEQ water quality monitoring grants (#481190-10 and #2012-0502) to quantify current in-stream sediment and phosphorus improvements following a full decade of stormwater control implementation efforts. The Portage-Arcadia Creek Watershed (43,700 acres) is a part of the larger Kalamazoo River Watershed (2,020 mi2). As such, it falls within the nonpoint source (NPS) load allocation for a phosphorus total maximum daily load (TMDL) developed for the Kalamazoo River and Lake Allegan. The Kalamazoo River TMDL was established in 2001 and requires a 50% reduction in total phosphorus (TP) originating from NPSs, using the 1998 load as a baseline. The original timeline outlined in the TMDL set 2009 as the target date for meeting the NPS reduction goal. To date, only two MS4's in the 1,600 square-mile watershed upstream of Lake Allegan have been able to document progress and demonstrate an ability to meet this load allocation. This is largely due to a lack of strategic stormwater management planning, adequate funding, consistent load quantification tools and reliable tracking methods. Documentation of TMDL compliance and WMP progress necessitates the use of such tools and methods. Despite a lack of monitoring and tracking since 2003, several stakeholders within the Portage and Arcadia Creek Watershed have successfully implemented stormwater runoff controls in the community. These efforts to reduce, capture, treat and reuse stormwater runoff have included retrofitting current residential and commercial impervious areas for stormwater detention, retention or infiltration, as well as developing construction rules or ordinances promoting on-site controls for new developments. In 2014, following 12 months of grant-funded in-stream wet-weather monitoring (using automated ISCO sampling equipment and rain gages), documented results demonstrate substantial sediment and phosphorus load reductions from stormwater runoff. For example, Portage Creek monitoring data reveal a 15% load reduction of sediments and a 32% load reduction of phosphorus. Likewise, Arcadia Creek monitoring results demonstrate a 35% load reduction of sediments and a noteworthy 39% reduction of phosphorus. These watershed-scale results serve to demonstrate that green infrastructure needs to be taken seriously and is here to stay.

BRAGG, CHRISTOPHER, Graduate Research Assistant, Lawrence Technological University Christopher Bragg is a graduate research assistant at Lawrence Technological University and has two years of research experience specific to green infrastructure and storm water management.

Modeling and Monitoring Green Infrastructure in Support of the Re-Development of Detroit’s Neighborhoods See Donald D. Carpenter biography.

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BRANEON, CHRISTIAN, DR., Assistant Director of Service Learning and Partnerships, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Christian V. Braneon is faculty at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) where he serves as the Assistant Director in the Office of Undergraduate Education. His research currently focuses on climate change impacts, green infrastructure, and STEM education. Prior to joining Georgia Tech, he worked in EPA Region 4’s Office of Environmental Justice and Sustainability. During his tenure at EPA, Braneon served as Co-Director of EPA’s inaugural Environmental Justice

Academy for community leaders and also led regional community engagement efforts associated with the Clean Power Plan in four states. Prior to joining USEPA, he worked as a technical consultant specializing in water resources engineering, climate change assessments, and sustainability.

How do we Quantify Hydraulic Conductivity in an Urban Setting? Determination of the permeability of soils, also called hydraulic conductivity, is important when implementing green infrastructure systems. The permeability of the soil can be assessed in the field with infiltrometers and with other relatively inexpensive devices. This talk will cover basic soil water infiltration concepts as well as an introduction to testing the hydraulic conductivity of soils.

BROOK, TIMOTHY, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Timothy Brook has been working in the water industry for the past 20 years in both the private and public sectors. He holds Bachelor of Applied Science and Master of Science degrees, both in Environmental Engineering. He is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario and Michigan. In his current role as Water Management Engineering Specialist with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Brook works with agricultural producers, food processors, municipalities, conservation authorities and other government agencies on various water management topics. His

project interests include water efficiency, washwater & wastewater treatment, water quality and drainage. He is part of a team developing “A Guide for Engineers, Working under the Drainage Act in Ontario.”

Comparing and Evaluating Costs of Rural Natural Channel Design to Traditional Designs In Ontario, the Drainage Act provides for a legal process for the design, construction and maintenance of rural drainage infrastructure. Unlike an urban stormwater system, where the costs are shared among all the taxpayers in a municipality, the Drainage Act process is a user – pay system, where the costs of a drainage project are borne only by the landowners within the drainage area. Drainage assessments provide the rationale for the costs to all landowners involved, including crop loss during construction, land taken permanently out of production, maintenance corridors, road crossings, who benefits most from the drainage works, etc.

While the piped drain is often most practical for agricultural landowners because there is no land taken out of production, it is the least resilient from a stormwater management perspective. A natural channel designed drain is much more resilient to large storm events and provides additional water quality benefits – but is often the most costly. Using a case study, we compare the designs and costs to landowners and municipalities of a piped drain, trapezoidal channel and a natural channel design in an agricultural drainage system. Using industry standard assessment principles, the costs to individual landowners on each of the three designs can be easily compared. The project design offers a system for evaluating the costs of rural natural channel design and the barriers to adoption (which are often significantly different than in urban settings). Knowing the barriers may allow for future policy and program discussions to encourage alternative drainage designs.

BROWN, MARTIN, Senior Programs Associate, Delta Institute As a Senior Programs Associate, Martin Brown provides technical and programmatic support and GIS expertise for Delta’s waste and land use related projects. Native to the Washington D.C. region, Brown holds a B.A in Environmental Studies Ithaca College.

Tale of Three Cities: Different Approaches for GI Planning, Prioritization and Decision-Making Communities across the country struggle with flooding and stormwater runoff carrying sediment and pollutants into waterways. They know that green infrastructure can be a strategy to mitigate these

issues, but often a lack of expertise and/or resources can serve as hurdles that prevent them from moving forward towards implementation. ‘Delta is working in three Great Lakes communities to help advance green infrastructure solutions using different approaches - including providing decision support tools, prioritization and design assistance, and implementation planning. This session will use examples from the following three projects to illustrate ways in which municipalities can clear hurdles to green infrastructure and achieve stormwater and environmental benefits for

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their communities. 1. Providing decision support tools in Michigan City, IN: Managing stormwater on private property in Michigan City has long been a challenge. The Board of Commissioners of the Michigan City Sanitary District is currently working with Delta to determine the feasibility of managing stormwater through the use of natural, green infrastructure and through a strategic land acquisition strategy to support that effort. Delta is creating a conservation easement acquisition framework to help identify privately-owned parcels within the Sanitary District boundaries that would be ideal for green infrastructure projects to provide stormwater management, and it will also help identify parcels for open space planning. This framework will support long-term decision making for Michigan City staff and help them assess land acquisition opportunities that strategically align with green infrastructure and stormwater management plans and the protection of high-value areas. 2. Supporting prioritization, design, and installation in Hobart, IN: The City of Hobart Stormwater District has been working to reduce the impact of sediment loads, E. coli, and nutrient loads from nonpoint sources within the Deep River-Turkey Creek Watershed, a priority outlined within the watershed management plan. Delta, in collaboration with the City of Hobart and the Alliance for the Great Lakes, is installing 4 to 6 green infrastructure sites to reduce urban stormwater runoff to the Deep River-Turkey Creek Watershed while testing a variety of GI designs in the field. The project will utilize a green infrastructure toolkit designed by Delta and Guidon Design in the initial design phase with input from stakeholders in the region. This project highlights the steps necessary to move a municipality from need to action, looking at how to implement low-cost GI projects that maximize stormwater benefits. 3. Planning for implementation in Gary, IN: Flooding is a major problem in the City of Gary, frequently resulting in combined sewer overflows. The City is creating a city-wide green infrastructure plan that will build on the ecological restoration planning efforts, green infrastructure pilot projects, and econometric modeling. As part of this effort, Delta is authoring a financial analysis and suitability analysis for implementing green infrastructure across the city, form-based codes and green infrastructure design guidelines to be adopted into the city’s zoning code, green infrastructure design concepts for key road corridors, and the creation of a capital improvement program to fund these efforts.

BRYAN, SUSAN, Rain Garden Coordinator, Washtenaw County Water Resources As a Rain Garden Coordinator, Susan Bryan brings people and plants together to keep the Huron River clean. She developed and teaches the Master Rain Gardener course, both in-person and now online. This program develops residents as stormwater leaders in their community. Bryan has a master’s degree in Landscape Architecture from the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources & the Environment.

Getting Rain Gardens Built without Lifting a Shovel: Lessons Learned in Outreach & Education Co-presenter: Shannan Gibb-Randall, InSite Design Studio Washtenaw County Water Resources runs a training program for residents that yields 55 rain gardens built a year – without lifting a shovel. The training is known as the Master Rain Gardener Certification class. Such a training program fulfills Storm Water NPDES requirements for pollution reduction, public education, and post construction runoff control. These trained Master Rain Gardeners become advocates and champions for green infrastructure, writing magazine articles, hosting tours, and promoting rain gardens in their local communities. They show up at public meetings supporting green infrastructure projects. They give talks on rain gardens at their local libraries. They write letters to elected officials supporting the stormwater budget. The Master Rain Gardener class is cost effective, and appropriate for all kinds of communities - rural or urban. People love to be the one "in the know", and to pull themselves up by their own bootstraps. If EPA-mandated TMDL reduction goals are to be met in substantially built-out communities, the knowledge of how to retrofit a site with BMPs has to be part of the common knowledge of landowners. This replicable program increases the capacity of a municipality to make it so. Washtenaw County Water Resources has partnered with InSite Design Studios to offer the certification class for the past six years. Learn what the essential components are to making a volunteer effort successful, track-able, and an asset to your stormwater program.

BURKE, STEVE, Senior Civil Engineer and Project Manager, MIG | SvR Steve Burke was the consultant project manager for the Barton CSO control project with GSI. He works with clients to identify project goals and objectives and has long-standing experience guiding projects to completion within budget and on schedule. With a background in construction practices and strong experience in government working within local, state and federal practices and policies, Burke has developed a strong sense of how to balance design vision and construction reality. He provides leadership for complex projects and interdisciplinary teams and has the flexibility to guide teams as they adapt to changing scopes, budgets and schedules. He received his BSCE from

Michigan State University.

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Protecting Puget Sound from CSOs by retrofitting urban neighborhoods with Green Infrastructure Co-presenter John Phillips, King County Wastewater Treatment Division In 2009 King County Wastewater Treatment Division (KCWTD) selected green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) as the preferred alternative for controlling combined sewer overflows (CSO) for the 1100-acre Barton combined sewer system (CSS) basin in Seattle, Washington. In 2008 KCWTD reported that the basin had an average of four overflows per year that discharge a total of four million gallons into the Puget Sound. In order to reduce the overflows to no more than one CSO event per year in compliance with Environmental Protection Agency and State of Washington (through Department of Ecology) Consent Decree, KCWTD retrofitted planting strips within fifteen residential streets with bioretention swales in order to intercept and infiltrate stormwater runoff, reducing the amount of stormwater discharging into the CSS. After filtering through the bioretention soil and plantings, stormwater discharges into an underdrain that conveys the flows into an underground injection control screen well for deep infiltration to a receptive soil layer beneath the area’s hard-packed glacial till. Intercepting stormwater before it enters the CSS will reduce KCWTD’s annual treatment plant costs. Our presentation will cover challenges confronted by this pioneering project from planning & design through the first three years of operations and maintenance. The project completed construction of the first ten streets in 2014 and the remaining five streets in 2015.

One of the first challenges was working in a complex residential community and jurisdictional context. Since the project is located within an existing City of Seattle neighborhood, community outreach was essential and KCWTD’s design and outreach efforts had to be aligned with the City’s street permitting process. Community concerns included access across the bioretention areas, parking, ponding depth and tree preservation. The project addressed these concerns through interactive meetings, diverse media and neighborhood canvassing. In this setting, CSO control performance had to be balanced with street performance so issues such as slope, planter width, existing utilities & trees, access, inflow points and parking were key design drivers.

The second challenge was developing and implementing a new maintenance program for the wastewater treatment division. KCWTD is responsible for the long-term care of these GSI facilities in the same manner as traditional “grey” facilities. In order to ensure that the GSI provides CSO control, three primary concerns had to be addressed: maintaining uninterrupted flow into the facility; maintaining plants and soils so that they function for water quality and CSO control; and continuing public education about the purpose of this living infrastructure.

The final challenge was resilience, in terms of providing infrastructure that met current needs while also incorporating flexibility to respond to an uncertain future and a changing climate. KCWTD will continue to monitor to determine the combined performance of the installed measures and use adaptive management to ensure continued Consent Decree compliance and protection of the Puget Sound. The public right-of-way is increasingly being recognized as a multi-functional asset and its ability to flexibly accommodate GSI is a particularly important characteristic as jurisdictions weigh the relative merits of “grey” versus “green” for CSO control.

BUSH, JOE, Ottawa County Water Resources Commissioner Joe Bush is the Ottawa County Water Resources Commissioner and is responsible for overseeing for construction, operation and maintenance of over 800 storm water management systems, "County Drains" in Ottawa County. These systems are designed to provide storm water management, drainage, flood prevention and stream protection for urban and agricultural lands.

Case Study: Park West Green Infrastructure Project in Ottawa County Michigan Co-presenter: Brian McKissen, PE, DFM, Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. BACKGROUND: The Park West Drain Drainage District (District) is located in Park Township and comprises 6 square miles. The Park West Drain outlets to Winstrom Creek, a tributary of Lake Macatawa. The Macatawa Area Coordinating Council (MACC), the privately funded Project Clarity initiative and other local organizations (Nature Center, Macatawa Greenway) have been collaborating for years to improve water quality and meet the established requirements governing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in the Lake Macatawa Watershed. The District had been plagued with stormwater management and water quality problems for decades. Prior to Joe Bush’s election to Ottawa County Water Resources Commissioner (OCWRC), the OCWRC office considered a conventional stormwater and storm sewer system, which discharged into Lake Macatawa. The initial project concept accompanied a $7 million price tag and only addressed the District’s flooding issues. Along with considerable cost, this conventional solution raised environmental permitting concerns to mitigate proposed increases in stormwater runoff. Bush develop an alternative plan that offered a holistic, innovative approach to water resource management by providing stormwater and green infrastructure practices to protect water quality. The cost-effective alternative provided a comprehensive, long-term solution that addressed the District’s flooding problems with vegetated swales to minimize stormwater infiltration and reduce runoff volumes.

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This presentation will cover the project’s cost effectiveness, environmental and water quality benefits, and its complexity and innovation. As a result of this project’s complexity, the OCWRC received a $1.73 million Innovation and Technology Grant from MDEQ, the only grant of this type awarded in Michigan. Grant requirements included water quality monitoring. A paired watershed approach is being applied to document the effectiveness of the new stormwater management system.

CAMP, KATHERINE, Green Infrastructure Program Manager, Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Authority

Collaboration Across Boundaries to Achieve Integrated Watershed Management See Brandon Vatter biography

CAMPBELL, KENYETTA M., Executive Director, Cody Rouge Community Action Alliance CDC Kenyetta Campbell is a servant leader who is a champion of community led development efforts. Cody Rouge Community Action Alliance has been recognized for their ground-breaking work in developing youth, families and communities with a laser focus on her local neighborhoods, Detroit’s Cody Rouge community. She has led the Skillman Foundation Good Neighborhood Initiative for the past 10 years in the Cody Rouge Community, a neighborhood in which she was born, raised, and still resides. She holds both a Masters of Arts in Organizational Management. Campbell’s leadership sparked $17.5 million in investments in Detroit’s Cody Rouge community. Said investments helped

leverage partnerships with several foundations, corporations, governmental bodies, and nonprofit corporations.

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

CANNITO, GREG, Corvias Solutions, LLC As a Partnership Innovator, Greg oversees the application of Corvias’ innovative public-private partnership (P3) model to challenges faced by public sector institutions nationwide. His expertise in development, structured financing, and managing the implementation of P3s has brought value to partners where he has identified and articulated progressive solutions for a complex infrastructure program that utilize both private and public funding sources. Cannito was instrumental in the development of The Clean Water Partnership, a first-of-its-kind P3 pilot program that is addressing federal environmental regulatory requirements for stormwater management in Prince George’s County. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps and holds a B.S. in Finance from Virginia Tech University.

Private Financing and Delivery Frameworks of Large-scale Green Infrastructure Implementation. See Sanjiv Sinha biography.

CARPENTER, DONALD D., Principal, Drummond Carpenter PLLC Donald Carpenter is an accredited green design professional and professional engineer whose expertise includes green infrastructure, stormwater best management practices (BMPs), hydrologic modeling and design, and field data collection. In addition to being Principal with Drummond Carpenter PLLC, Dr. Carpenter is a professor of civil engineering and Director of the Great Lakes Stormwater Management Institute at Lawrence Technological University. Dr. Carpenter’s has 20 years’ experience working with diverse clients primarily in the Great Lakes regions and Florida. As a

NCI Certified Charrette Facilitator, he has extensive experience in community engagement and planning. His efforts have facilitated community implementation of green infrastructure and the development of community socio-economic sustainability plans. Dr. Carpenter routinely provides professional lectures and short courses on BMP design and green infrastructure implementation. Professionally, Dr. Carpenter is an active committee leader for the ASCE Environmental and Water Resources Institute and several regional green infrastructure committees.

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WaterTowns: Enhancing Water Quality through Placemaking and Green Infrastructure See Amanda Oparka biography

Great Lakes Stormwater Technology Transfer Collaborative Co-presenter: Michael Polich, Great Lakes Commission Innovative stormwater management technologies are slow to proliferate. These technologies include green infrastructure design techniques, data driven water management systems, and proprietary structural systems, all of which play a vital role in protecting our water resources from stormwater runoff. In the Great Lakes region, green infrastructure and innovative stormwater technologies have principally been limited to grant incentivized implementation in large cities (population above 500,000), wealthier “progressive” communities, and “pet” pilot projects. Stormwater technologies must transfer across a broad spectrum of communities to be effective at protecting water resources and supporting an industry that can provide this infrastructure at a competitive cost. This project is a partnership between Lawrence Technological University (Southfield, MI) and the Great Lakes Commission (Ann Arbor, MI) and focuses on building trust in new technologies and design techniques while identifying barriers to adoption related to market entry. This presentation will cover the first two phases in the development of a “stormwater tech transfer collaborative.” The proposed collaborative will be developed through a series of interviews and focus groups culminating in a final large workshop scheduled for 2017. The first phase of the project includes interviewing 50 stormwater and green infrastructure practitioners, experts, technology providers, and stakeholders. The interview questionnaire is being developed by Lawrence Tech and Great Lakes Commission staff, vetted by an advisory board, and will address (1) the limitations of the current market for stormwater technology, (2) stakeholder motivations for investment in new stormwater technologies and design techniques, (3) the prioritization of urban challenges, (4) the status quo of how decisions are made about stormwater management, and (5) the drivers of creating interest and trust in new stormwater technologies and green infrastructure designs. The second phase is a series of focus groups around the basin that will allow the project team to understand and document the self-interests that will motivate stormwater professionals to join the collaborative, resulting in the creation of a collaborative that fulfills real needs.

Challenges and Opportunities to Scaling Green Infrastructure Regionally See Victoria Pebbles biography.

Monitoring the Effects of Stormwater Control Practices at Recovery Park, Detroit, Michigan See Chris Hoard biography.

Modeling and Monitoring Green Infrastructure in Support of the Re-Development of Detroit’s Neighborhoods Co-presenters: Rachel Pieschek and Christopher Bragg, Lawrence Technological University Hydrologic models are commonly used to “demonstrate” or “track” the effectiveness of green infrastructure but rarely are applied models calibrated to document the effectiveness of techniques. In reality, modeled predictions of effectiveness are being used to make significant financial decisions. In an effort to better define the effectiveness of green infrastructure, a comprehensive modeling and monitoring approach was included as part of the USEPA Shoreline Cities Grant awarded in 2014 to Detroit Water and Sewer Department (DWSD) with matching funding from local foundations. The overall project is a collaborative effort between DWSD, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), Detroit Economic Growth Association, Lawrence Technological University, several non-profit entities and private consulting firms to incorporate green infrastructure in several eastside Detroit neighborhoods. This specific presentation describes the modeling and monitoring efforts undertaken by Lawrence Tech in support of the project. Four methodologies were used for predicting stormwater runoff for this project including EPA SWMM 5.1, USEPA National Stormwater Calculator, a spreadsheet based NRCS Curve Number (CN) Method, and the Green Values Calculator. These various modeling methods are being compared at the lot, block and neighborhood scale for specific storm events and for evaluating annual volume reduction. In addition, flow monitoring data collected within the combined sewer and street gutter systems are being used to calibrate and validate the models. The validated models will then be used to more accurately predict flow from existing and redeveloped green infrastructure conditions. As such, the pilot modeling and monitoring program described herein represents an approach for documenting green infrastructure performance. It provides for an evaluation of the various modeling tools available and an actual quantification of green infrastructure benefits.

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CARROLL, DAN, PE, Water Resources Engineer, Tetra Tech Dan Carroll has over 12 years of experience in water resources, land development, and green infrastructure implementation throughout the Midwest. He has an extensive background in design and construction oversight of low impact design elements such as, stormwater retention, bioretention, porous pavement, and rain gardens for private site development as well as publicly held land. Carroll’s projects often require extensive collaboration from both public and private entities during the design and construction phase.

RecoveryPark Public Private Partnerships in GLRI Green Infrastructure Project In September, 2013, DWSD submitted an application for a Great Lakes Shoreline Cities Green Infrastructure Grant to fund two complementary Projects. A community water conservation project on vacant lots conducted by the Lower East Side Action Plan and Greening of Detroit and a water harvesting project in the RecoveryPark footprint to support their urban agriculture plan. Leap is a community driven effort to transform vacant land to productive uses in a 16 square mile area of Detroit where 30% of the lots are vacant. RecoveryPark plans to become Detroit’s largest urban farm, creating quality jobs for people with barriers to traditional employment. Both Detroit Water & Sewerage Department (DWSD) projects were sponsored and supported by Detroit Future City, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), and the Erb Family Foundation.

This public private partnership demonstrates the ability to used blighted City of Detroit owned lots to reduce stormwater entry into a combined sewer overflow system such as DWSD using green infrastructure. This panel will focus on the RecoveryPark Project which demonstrates the commercial scale and value in harvesting stormwater from city streets and collecting it for use, absorption, transpiration, or evaporation capturing an estimated 1,200,000 gallons of stormwater a year. DWSD, through their Green Infrastructure Contract with Tetra Tech, hired Mannik & Smith Group to design and engineer the RecoveryPark GLRI Project with the support of Sustainable Water Works, a nonprofit water technology and policy organization. By using vacant lots adjacent to a secondary city street named Dubois where virtually all of the lots were owned by the City of Detroit and were being pursued as part of the RecoveryPark Urban Agriculture footprint, water from 32 blocks of urban landscape and streets could be captured for beneficial use in the future. Lawrence Technical University, Great Lakes Stormwater Management Institute was engaged to monitor and validate stormwater capture including in pipe monitoring and flow sensors. The green infrastructure design uses the topography of the lots, natural flow of the streets toward the Detroit River and the streets as a conduit for water movement to manage the water into shallow detention/retention ponds on vacant lots adjacent to a central spine, Dubois St. This configuration allowed curb cuts to move the water through swales into the ponds to contain the 2 year rainstorm without release. Each block is uniquely designed for the volume of stormwater runoff generated with a total capacity for 1,200,000 gallons which is eliminated from the DWSD sewer system. This approach can be replicated in Cities with combined sewers and vacant land which could hold the key to significantly reducing CSO discharges associated with severe rain events.

The unique relationship of stakeholders developed during the grant and award process demonstrates the power of public private partnerships. SEMCOG played a key role in building the collaboration. RecoveryPark and LEAP volunteered oversite of the Detroit Land Bank lots in their footprint that DWSD would use to collect the stormwater. The EPA adopted the project as an important step in successful implementation and validation of the use of green infrastructure as a stormwater remediation tool. Mannik & Smith Group used their experience and expertise to design stormwater harvesting solutions using the existing topography, simple landforming and curb cuts and existing flows to capture large quantities of water. LTU provided the hydrology expertise to assess the capture rates and volumes accurately in real time. Finally, the commitment of the Erb Family Foundation and Kresge Foundation provided the matching funding required by the Shoreline Cities Grant supported this community initiative. A Public Utility, several nonprofit 501(c)(3) organizations, City of Detroit Land Bank, University Research and Private Foundations working together to find more sustainable solutions to stormwater management for the benefit of the community and local stakeholders.

CARY-KOTHERA, LORI, Operations Manager, Science and Geospatial Solutions Division, Office for Coastal Management, NOAA Based in Charleston, South Carolina, Lori Cary-Kothera leads the web-based development of Digital Coast and supports the Digital Coast Partnership effort. Through that effort, she works closely with the Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM) as their point of contact for the Digital Coast partnership. In addition to her role on Digital Coast, Cary-Kothera works on a variety of projects helping local coastal resource agencies to better utilize technologies to address their coastal

management issues. Recently, she has been working with a number of communities in the Great Lakes helping to

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address their flooding issues using green infrastructure techniques. Cary-Kothera has a BS in Biology and Environmental Science from Bowling Green State University and a MS degree in Biological Oceanography from Florida Institute of Technology.

Practitioners’ Exchange Forum: Sharing Experiences to Take Coastal Green Infrastructure to Scale See Rachel Franks Taylor biography.

CELENDER, JEAN A., Mayor, Village of Great Neck Plaza Jean A. Celender, a 9-term mayor of the Village of Great Neck Plaza, has served as an elected official for over 30 years. Mayor Celender has championed a comprehensive program of traffic and pedestrian safety improvements, developed an affordable housing program, modified the Code for mixed-uses to encourage transit-oriented development, and implemented public art/beautification projects. Under her leadership, Great Neck Plaza became the first village in the U.S. to join AARP‘s Network of Age-Friendly Communities, adopted a Complete Streets Policy, and is seeking Climate Smart Communities Certification in New York State. Celender is also an urban planner who has over 35 years’ experience in private planning and environmental consulting. She received a M.A. degree

in Geography from Arizona State University and a B.A. degree in Geography/Cartography from Briarcliff College.

Sustainable Maple Drive Parking Lot – A Green Innovation Grant Program The Village of Great Neck Plaza (“Village”) secured a $675,000 grant from the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC) to upgrade a surface municipal parking lot under the EFC’s Green Innovation Grant Program (GIGP). This paper will present the project’s design plans, public outreach process, green infrastructure techniques utilized, and lessons learned for sharing its best practices. The Village believes that this demonstration project can be a model for other communities to incorporate green technology and promote its methods to improve stormwater management and water quality. The municipal parking lot, located on Maple Drive, is centrally located within the Village’s downtown business district and serves the needs of shoppers, workers, residents and visitors. The lot, approximately 300 feet long by 150 feet wide, contained 121 parking spaces before its reconstruction. Upon completion, the Village retained a total of 118 parking spaces. Construction started in mid-April and was completed in early August, 2016.

This Sustainable Maple Drive Parking Lot embodied the use of permeable pavers that permit rainwater and precipitation to infiltrate to the subsurface layers below, thereby reducing stormwater runoff, increasing ground water recharge, reducing salt use, and improving water quality. This project also incorporated other green features, such as L.E.D. site lighting, solar powered multi-space pay stations, benches, bicycle racks, and low-maintenance landscaping to reduce atmospheric CO2, energy use, and urban heat island effect. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified “green” as the new color for stormwater programs. The GIGP is funded through the EPA as part of the New York Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program.

By incorporating the use of "green" technology; the Village rehabilitated this parking lot for minimal expense and also in a way to benefit the environment. In the GIGP program, a local match must be at least 10% of the total actual project costs. The maximum local share cannot exceed $228,000 based upon an estimated maximum project construction cost of $853,000, which includes engineering design and construction inspection services. The local contribution was also being met through a Nassau County Community Development Block Grant received by the Village of $200,000. Thus, the actual costs to Village taxpayers were minimal and considerably less than the cost of a traditional asphalt resurfacing project.

CHRISTIAN, DAN, Senior Project Manager and Professional Civil Engineer, Tetra Tech Dan Christian brings over 27 years of experience in a wide variety of stormwater management and water resource projects. He has worked extensively in the areas of low impact development, green infrastructure and watershed resiliency. Christian has prepared numerous studies and designs for a wide variety of stormwater control measures such as rain gardens, bioretention, infiltration, porous pavement, water conservation, and others. His work often involves green infrastructure in parks, roadway corridors as well as site developments. His clients include federal, state, county and local government entities as well as non-profit organizations located throughout the U.S.

Lessons from NEW-GI: What Works on the Ground to Achieve Integrated Stormwater Management in Detroit Neighborhoods with Vacant Property - Panel See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

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CLARY, JANE, Vice President/Senior Water Resources Scientist, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Jane Clary is a Vice President of Wright Water Engineers in Denver, where she has worked on water resources, stormwater best management practices (BMPs), water conservation, water quality and Clean Water Act-related regulatory issues for 24 years. She is a project manager for the International Stormwater BMP Database and has been involved with development of stormwater quality guidance locally and nationally. Clary serves as the secretary of the Urban Water Resources Research Council for the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers. She was recently appointed to serve on Colorado’s Water Quality Control

Commission. Clary earned a B.S. in Economics from Vanderbilt University and an M.S. in Environmental Science from the University of Colorado.

International Stormwater BMP Database: New Tools for a Long-term Resource Co-presenter: Scott Struck, Geosyntec

CLELAND, BRUCE, Senior Project Manager, Tetra Tech Bruce Cleland is a senior project manager for Tetra Tech with over 35 years of professional experience in water quality management, monitoring, assessment, implementation planning, permitting, and development of TMDLs. Before joining Tetra Tech in 2008, Cleland worked for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as a national expert in the TMDL program. He provided TMDL capacity building assistance to states and U.S. EPA Regions across the country through training, information transfer, and mentoring with a major focus on connecting TMDLs to implementation efforts. He continues to be involved with important national and regional water quality management issues, particularly storm water management programs. Cleland received his B.S. from Michigan State University and his M.S.E. from the University of Washington.

Identify Your Green Infrastructure Priorities Co-Presenter: Kelly Karll, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Developing and implementing an effective green infrastructure strategy requires an integrated approach that aligns with other local government programs. While a major focus often centers on urban stormwater, the benefit of implementing green infrastructure in priority areas extends beyond watershed management into transportation planning, economic development, and access to recreational opportunities. This presentation describes an approach that was developed as part of several recent Detroit area green infrastructure targeting efforts. The initial impetus for development of this methodology was to build a framework designed to achieve objectives established by various Clean Water Act programs (e.g., NPDES MS4 permit requirements, watershed management plans, TMDLs). For that reason, the methodology identifies: • targets that describe the level of implementation needed to reduce stormwater volumes and pollutant loads,

such that water quality standards will be met and beneficial uses protected in urban watersheds; • priority areas that contribute the greatest stormwater runoff volumes/pollutant loads and have a

disproportionate effect on water quality; and • green infrastructure opportunities that, when implemented, will result in measureable improvements relative to

mitigating the adverse effects of urban stormwater.

From an implementation perspective, this targeting methodology employs a concept referred to as green infrastructure area. Green infrastructure area defines the amount of connected impervious cover that needs to be managed using stormwater runoff reduction practices in order to achieve water quality objectives and protect biological communities. One valuable “lesson learned” from the green infrastructure targeting projects recognized the overarching need to align transportation planning with stormwater management activities. Not only do storm sewer networks typically follow road right-of-ways; other significant connected impervious surfaces (e.g., parking lots, driveways) are generally linked to the transportation system. In addition to transportation planning, the information used to support the targeting methodology can help local government planners meet other community objectives by prioritizing green infrastructure implementation efforts. Examples include highlighting areas where green infrastructure practices such as increased tree canopy or grow zones also align with economic development or expanding recreational opportunities. In summary, the targeting methodology can help guide local governments towards priority areas for green infrastructure implementation in a way that can build partnerships and pool resources while working toward common desired outcomes.

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COLLINS, REGINA, Stormwater Coordinator, Division of Environmental Services, City of Toledo Regina Collins has a Bachelor’s degree in Resource Development from Michigan State University, a Master’s degree in Environmental Science with an emphasis on Urban and Regional Planning, and over 20 years in consulting, supervision and client relations. In her current position, Collins solicits required permit applications and issues orders and/or negotiates control actions with plant management personnel and department personnel. She also determines, develops and/or recommends to management appropriate control strategies, rules, regulations, policies or procedures that may eliminate or alleviate various health, safety or hazardous material handling concerns. In addition, she participates in special projects and serves on various committees addressing environment-related issues as required. Previous to her employment with the City of Toledo, she was involved in the environmental consulting industry as a Project Manager, where she was responsible for both people and project management for numerous environmentally-related studies. In addition to her consultative and managerial experience, she established the environmental division of a lending institution. Nutrient Source Inventory - A Public Facing Water Quality Informational Tool See Tim Murphy biography.

CORSO, ANTHONY, Chief Innovation Office, City of Peoria Anthony Corso has spent his career as an architect, urban designer, consultant and educator working to make communities more livable and resilient. He is an advocate and practitioner of public interest design and continuously works to build collaborative partnerships in order to turn great ideas into action. In spring 2015, Corso became the first Chief Innovation Officer for the City of Peoria where he directs the Innovation Team or i-team. The i-team’s role is to help city leaders, staff and partners through a data-driven process to assess problems, generate responsive new

interventions, develop partnerships, and deliver measurable results. As an initial priority, the i-team worked to identify ways to leverage the tremendous infrastructure investment required to solve Peoria’s CSO problem to simultaneously improve the lives of residents.

Peoria, IL: A Community Based Public-Private Partnership Model for Green Infrastructure See Jake Felton biography.

COTE, MEREDITH, Water Resource Engineer, AECOM Meredith Cote is an EIT with a BS in Programs in the Environment from the University of Michigan and an MS degree in Environmental Engineering from the University of Illinois. Since beginning at AECOM in 2015, she has worked on a variety of water resource related projects such as: stormwater management, hydraulic and hydrologic modeling, and LID and green infrastructure planning and design.

Stormwater Management, Green Infrastructure, and Stream Restoration for TMDL Implementation Located in northwest Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, the Grand Traverse Bay watershed drains 976 square miles and covers major portions of four counties; Antrim, Kalkaska, Grand Traverse, and Leelanau . The Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Protection Plan, approved by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), states that sediment and excessive nutrient loading are the two highest ranking priority pollutants that are threatening the coldwater fishery, aquatic life, and other designated uses in the Grand Traverse Bay watershed (www.gtbay.org/ourprograms/watershedprotection-plan/). Stormwater inputs are a primary concern throughout the watershed because of the potential to contribute excessive sediment, nutrients, pathogens and toxins to the Bay and its tributaries. Kids Creek, which is a major tributary of the Boardman River, is not meeting water quality standards and is on the State’s Impaired Waters List (303(d) list) due to poor aquatic insect community. This is mainly due to sedimentation and stormwater quality and quantity. In an effort to remove Kids Creek from the State’s Impaired Waters List, The Watershed Center has implemented several projects aimed at reducing the peak inflow into Kids Creek, reducing sediment loads and nutrient pollutant loads, and improving instream habitat. The projects have included the following activities:

• Stream restoration of a Kids Creek tributary including: channel redesign and the creation of a floodplain bench and vegetated buffer, riffles, and step pools. The goal of this project is to reduce sediment loads to Kids Creek and reduce frequent tributary flooding.

• Green Infrastructure and stormwater management at the Village at Grand Traverse including: rain gardens, dry wells, and water bars. This project will reduce flooding onsite and promote stormwater infiltration while combatting unique issues of the project site including SHPO rules and contamination.

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• Green Infrastructure and stormwater management along Medical Campus Drive including street side rain gardens and a reconstructed wetland. These projects will reduce peak inflow and sediment loads.

• Green Infrastructure State Office buildings to reduce runoff from impervious area using a bioswale and rain garden. These two pieces of green infrastructure will capture and infiltrate approximately 1.5 acres of impervious area.

Each of these projects will be discussed in the context of how they contribute to improving the health of Kids Creek and its eventual removal from the State’s Impaired Waters List. The presentation will also discuss how a good plan can be leveraged to develop small individual projects that achieve the larger environmental goals of a watershed protection plan.

DAMASCHKE, MELISSA, Program Officer, Fred A. & Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation

Successful GI implementation throughout Detroit Panel Discussion

DAVIDSON-BENNETT, KEELY, Senior Project Manager, Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc. Keely Davidson-Bennett is a Senior Project Manager with Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc. (CRWP). She earned a M.S. in environmental science from The Ohio State University and a B.A. in biology from Hiram College. She has worked for CRWP for 5 years.

Green Infrastructure Hydrologic Performance in Ohio’s Lake Erie Watershed Co-presenter: Heather Elmer, Chagrin River Watershed Partners; Ryan Winston, The Ohio State University

Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc. (CRWP), Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), North Carolina State University (NCSU), Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Soil and Water Resources (ODNR-DSWR), Erie Soil and Water Conservation District (Erie SWCD), and the Consensus Building Institute (CBI) assessed the hydrologic performance of bioretention and permeable pavement on poorly draining soils by collecting and analyzing data from three bioretention cells and four permeable pavements in Northern Ohio. The length of monitoring periods varied among sites, but at least 50 storms were observed at each site. We used weirs and pressure transducers to measure outflow from the SCMs, water table wells and pressure transducers to measure exfiltration, and weather stations, rain gauges, and standard engineering methods to estimate inflow to and evapotranspiration from the SCMs. The bioretention cells reduced outflow by 36 - 60% through exfiltration and evapotranspiration. The permeable pavements reduced outflow by 17 - 98%, and performance was related to differing designs.The permeable pavement application with the smallest reduction in outflow drained an impervious area 7 times larger its surface area, much larger than what is recommended by Ohio’s stormwater manual, Rainwater and Land Development. The permeable pavement application with the greatest reduction in outflow treated only direct rainfall, had areas of well-draining fill soil beneath the permeable pavement, and a subdrain beneath the permeable pavement system designed to dewater the groundwater table.

Model Watershed Protection Ordinances Incentivizing Green Infrastructure See Heather Elmer biography.

DEKKER, TIMOTHY, Vice President and Senior Engineer, LimnoTech Timothy Dekker is an environmental and water resources engineer with expertise in river, lake and estuary restoration and urban revitalization. Dekker leads LimnoTech’s practice focusing on the restoration and revitalization of urban waterways, and actively works to advance the science and practice of urban river restoration and green infrastructure implementation throughout North America. Dekker received his Doctorate in Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in 1996 and has served as a lecturer and adjunct professor of environmental engineering there. Tim is also a regular lecturer and critic at the Harvard University Graduate School

of Design.

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Integrating Hydrology and Ecology into Urban Landscape Design: Toronto’s Lower Don Lands The Lower Don Lands of Toronto are located at the intersection of three emerging Toronto neighborhoods: the West Don Lands, East Bayfront, and the Port Lands area. This intersection of neighborhoods contains the mouth of the lower Don River, a channelized and constrained river mouth surrounded by transportation corridors and other aging urban infrastructure. In recent years, the public demand for restoration of the river mouth area have greatly increased, while the emerging neighborhoods have created a need to find a dynamic balance between the surrounding urban environment and the hydrologic and ecologic requirements of the river mouth. An international design competition to develop a plan for resolving these competing needs was held ten years ago, in 2007, and the resulting design and planning effort is ongoing today.

This presentation describes how the winning design was developed as a highly multidisciplinary creative effort supported by a strong technical understanding of urban stormwater management, local hydrology, local freshwater estuarine ecology, and hydrologic and ecological interactions with Lake Ontario. The result is a proposal to create over 1.5 km of new, winding river and mouth with natural meanders, wetland margins, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities. The plan also retains and enhances the function of the lower Don as a floodway, greatly increasing floodwater conveyance capacity to allow passage of the most extreme regulatory flood event. These functional aspects of the river system were developed in tandem with a major restructuring of the urban fabric of the Toronto lower Donlands area. The plan provides for a mix of stormwater infrastructure and residential and commercial land uses that are highly connected to the river corridor, floodplain, and associated wetlands via bridges, bikeways, and walking paths. The result is anticipated to be substantial increase in property values, enhanced commercial development in a neglected part of the Toronto waterfront, and the creation of a significant recreational and ecological development opportunity for the citizens of Toronto. The project is now moving to final design, and early earthmoving activities in the Port Lands are expected to commence in 2017.

DeMARIA, ANNETTE, Environmental Engineer, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT) Annette DeMaria is a professional engineer with 20 years of experience in project management, green infrastructure design, NPDES permitting, grant procurement, and water quality assessments. Using Green Infrastructure to Improve Beach Water Quality in Michigan, Frequently the water quality at Great Lakes beaches is impacted by localized conditions including stormwater runoff, circulation and the congregation of wildlife. In the past 5 years, green infrastructure techniques have been used at several Michigan beaches to address runoff and

reduce bacteria levels while improving aesthesis. Using funding provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, green infrastructure and wildlife management techniques were constructed at beaches located in Sault Ste Marie, MI, Marysville, MI, and New Baltimore, MI. Each of these beaches were periodically closed due to elevated levels of bacteria and sanitary surveys identified stormwater runoff as one factor impacting water quality.

Pervious pavement, rain gardens and bioswales are some of the best management practices that were incorporated into these beaches in 2014 and 2015. Although a little early to tell the impact on water quality, improvements are being seen based on the number of days these beaches are closed.

This presentation will discuss design considerations, speed bumps that were encountered, and lessons learned which will be applicable to others undertaking green infrastructure projects. We will also discuss how incorporating green infrastructure goes beyond the science of stormwater management, as you may need to accommodate cultural expectations, politics, the existing uses, aesthetics, and off-site factors such as views and local economies.

De MOL, NICHOL, Rogue River Home Rivers Initiative Project Manager, Trout Unlimited Nichol De Mol has a Master of Science in Biology from Grand Valley State University and a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment. De Mol has been a Watershed Project Manager for over 15 years and has experience in writing and implementing watershed management plans, writing and administrating grants, coordinating monitoring and restoration efforts in area watersheds, and implementing best management practices and information and education strategies.

Developing Youth Leadership for Green Infrastructure See Gail Gunst Heffner biography.

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DEWAR, MARGARET, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan Margaret Dewar is Professor of Urban and Regional Planning in the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan. Her research focuses on American cities that have lost large shares of their peak population and employment and now have extensive blighted buildings and vacant land. With June Manning Thomas, Dewar co-edited The City After Abandonment (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013). Dewar has degrees in urban planning from

Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

DIERKS, SCOTT, Senior Water Resources Engineer, GEI Consultants Scott Dierks began his career learning water quality sampling and hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of combined sewer systems in Providence at the University of Rhode Island. He did his masters in ecological engineering waste deep in Florida’s swamps at the University of Florida. For the last twenty years he has worked as a licensed professional civil engineer in Michigan with a passion and focus on hydrology, landscape restoration and ecological engineering. Dierks’ project work spans stream restoration, green infrastructure planning and design and alternative on-site wastewater treatment system design. He is a Senior Water Resources Engineer with GEI Consultants, Inc. in Ann Arbor, Michigan, since 2015.

Maximizing Planted BMP Hydrologic Performance through Plant Selection and Hydroperiod Management Along with the Office of the Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner (WCWRC) in Southeast Michigan, we have been developing guidance to improve the hydrologic performance of rain gardens and bioretention basins. This guidance is based on field evaluation of local rain gardens and on-going research into the effects of plants, shrubs and trees on the water holding and infiltration capacities of soils. The WCRWC is particularly interested in learning how to improve the infiltration capacity of fine textured soils. The assessments include: identifying soil texture and measuring compaction at the interface of imported and existing soils; measuring in-situ saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and drawdown. Currently, the drawdown testing is conducted using continuous digital photographs of the rain garden water depth at 5-min intervals during rain events. The vegetative assessment includes: 1) planted/proposed plant list (as available), current plant species and their coverage, height and vigor. The research includes collecting, summarizing and analyzing data from peer-reviewed papers on:

• The impact of restored and remnant native forest and prairie on soil water properties • Establishing differences between soil water data collected by the US Soil Conservation Service (now NRCS) from

cultivated land and the soil water data collected from restored or native prairies and forests. • Developing a pedotransfer function (PDF) for native and restored landscapes using data from only those

landscapes

Much of the biological activity in the rhizosphere is initiated by plant exudates, the chemical byproducts of photosynthesis that are exuded from plant roots. These exudates include carbohydrates, sugars and proteins that fuel the growth of bacteria and fungi, which in turn are fed upon by nematodes and protozoa and so on, up the food chain. The biological transformation of the soil “takes advantage” of the flow tendencies that result in opposite flow regimes: one with a high resistivity (Darcy flow) that fills the smallest soil pores and the other with a low resistivity that finds its way through preferential flow pathways. This dynamic configuration offers the least global flow resistance for the overall flow system. Biological activity, in concert with the climate and the inorganic soil matrix, “reconfigures” hydraulic pathways to optimize energy and material utilization in the rhizosphere. To date, twenty rain gardens in Washtenaw County have been assessed. These gardens all have clay or clayey soils but their saturated hydraulic conductivities range between 0.05 in/hr to more than 1-inch/hr. In our first set of paired, digitally-recorded rain events, we found that the native plant rain garden was drawing down at more than 1-inch/hour and the turf grass rain garden (same sandy clay subsurface soil) was drawing down at roughly half that rate. Over a nearly two-month monitoring period and seven separate events, the native plant rain garden only accumulated water in one of seven and the grass garden in two of the seven events. Monitoring will be on-going along with production of the draft guidance over the next year.

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DuBAY, KELLIE, Environmental Scientist/Public Outreach Specialist, Tetra Tech, Inc. Kellie DuBay has over 20 years of experience in wet weather and watershed management for federal, state, and local clients. She is part of the Tetra Tech team supporting the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department’s Green Infrastructure Program since 2014. She leads green infrastructure stakeholder engagement and education efforts for the DWSD Green Infrastructure Program.

How DWSD Partnerships Are Helping Green Infrastructure Take Root in Detroit The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) officially launched its green infrastructure

program in 2014. The green infrastructure program, primarily intended to reduce combined sewer overflows, works on a daily basis to be responsive and relevant to the needs of the property owners, citizens, and governmental agencies in the City of Detroit. The program is built on a foundation of partnerships, originally supported through a partnership with the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG). DWSD is committed to moving the city forward in successful and widespread green infrastructure implementation. Therefore, DWSD is investing not only in the design and implementation of green infrastructure practices, but the partnerships needed to ensure these projects are socially-acceptable, provide multiple benefits at the neighborhood and city-scale, and educate property owners on how to make green infrastructure work for their home or business.

This presentation will take a closer look at three of DWSD’s green infrastructure projects driven by the power of partnerships. Each project has roots and a solid (but permeable) foundation through the collaborative efforts of local community residents, non-governmental organizations, city departments, and academic institutions. One project is located in an active park serving a thriving little league organization with parking concerns. Another project is located in an underutilized park dedicated to the memory of a Detroit civil rights activist that inspired the creation of a vibrant park association and a revitalization initiative. The third project focuses on the reuse of eight vacant lots in residential neighborhoods. For each project, the presentation will explore the how the partnership formed, what each partner contributed to the project, challenges associated with the project, and how DWSD worked with partners to address these challenges while addressing community needs and concerns. Detroit is a city which compels partners to implement green infrastructure that goes beyond stormwater management by providing a spark of hope to residents who are key partners helping green infrastructure projects take root citywide.

DUGGAN, TIM, Landscape Architect, Pronesis Tim Duggan founded Phronesis in 2010 as a nimble landscape architecture and urban design studio focused almost entirely on creating regenerative infrastructure and community systems within the public realm. His Landscape Architecture career began in Kansas City where he collaborated on a wide range of complex green infrastructure urban planning and design projects as well as several community based Green Infrastructure strategies with an approach in “Urban Acupuncture.” Tim developed over 200 LEED Platinum Landscapes with his role as Director of Innovations for the Make it Right Foundation and was named one of Metropolis magazine’s 2012 Game Changers for his ambitious experiments in landscape stormwater design. Duggan has served

as a speaker at TEDxHarlem, Dwell on Design 2014, AIA 2011 National Conference, 2012 ASLA National Conference, GreenBuild 2009 and WEFTEC 2010.

Urban Acupuncture: Regenerative Green Infrastructure in the Public Realm, and Lessons Learned for Community Revitalization and Outreach Co-presenter: Jason Parson, Parson + Associates In 2009 Kansas City became one of the first City’s to enter into an Adaptive Green Infrastructure Plan to meet EPA Consent Decree requirements. Since then Kansas City has targeted $40 million for green infrastructure improvement to achieve these CSO Reductions. This panel discussion focuses on the Watershed Based Planning Approach used for the Middle Blue River Basin and the Marlborough Neighborhood situated within it. The panel explores the opportunities and constraints for using green infrastructure in the public realm and how communities in partnerships with public entities has leveraged this investment as a catalyst for revitalization. Beginning with a brief overview of the Pilot Project and lessons learned, the discussion then focuses on how this influenced the next approach for green infrastructure and how this process helped organize the community around these efforts. The discussion goes on to explore how multiple City departments coordinated their efforts to efficiently implement green infrastructure and improve services to the community. Throughout the process the community has been able to leverage public investment into additional private and non-profit funding for Community revitalization.

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The panel discussion is moderated by Tim Duggan, Landscape Architect and Founder of Phronesis whom prepared the Urban Design Plan for this area linking green infrastructure investment with community needs. Panel participants include: 1) representative from the City of Kansas City Water Services Department responsible for meeting Consent Decree or Burns & McDonnell: the consultant serving as Program Manager for Water Services – Overflow Control Plan, 2) Jason Parson, a veteran of the Iraqi War, whose public engagement firm has facilitated community outreach and communication in the community, and 3) a representative Marlborough Community Coalition, the organization for the neighborhood where this green infrastructure investment as taken plan. The discussion aims to shed light onto the process and lessons learned for other local municipalities and regional entities looking to meet Consent Decree requirements with green infrastructure and community leaders in these areas.

City-Wide Green Infrastructure in the Public Realm: The Critical Role of Parks in Pittsburg Co-presenter: Heather Sage, Project Parks Conservancy As the City of Pittsburgh begins to develop a green infrastructure-first approach to meet Consent Decree requirements, the panel discussion explores the important partnership that emerged between the Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Authority (PWSA) and Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy (PPC). This partnership helped leverage private donations to facilitate a community engagement and design process for establishing green infrastructure concept plans. This broadened the scope of PWSA outreach and garnered support from the community. This watershed planning process looks at two of the six priority watersheds, selected by PWSA and its Program Manager Mott MacDonald, and the factors that influenced this selection. The discussion then explores the role of PPC: having engaged the community in this watershed on previous master plans, and the benefits they brought in terms of facilitating the green infrastructure planning concept. The panel will elaborate on how they engaged other City departments that could assist the effort and the framework used to establish high yield runoff areas and focus corridors, nodes, and assets in conjunction with multiple City departments. The panel expands on the above and briefly discusses specific strategies used within Park’s property and how this supported ecological restoration efforts and preserved the integrity of the historic parks, beloved by the community. The discussion is moderated by a representative from the Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Authority. Panel participates include: 1) a representative from Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy, 2) Tim Duggan with Phronesis the consulting firm on the Four Mile Run Watershed, 3) Christine Mondor of evolveEA the consulting firm on the Heth’s Run Watershed, and 4) a representative from Mott MacDonald the engineering consultant and Program Manager to PWSA’s City Wide Green Infrastructure Assessment. The discussion aims to shed light onto the process and lessons learned for other local municipalities and regional entities looking to meet Consent Decree requirement with green infrastructure and representatives from Parks and Conservancy departments and organizations.

EIDSON, ALEX, Analyst, Encourage Capital Alex Eidson is an analyst at Encourage Capital working on the firm's sustainable infrastructure practice. Encourage works with many partners to identify and invest in sustainable infrastructure solutions for cities including green stormwater infrastructure, wastewater treatment, groundwater recharge systems, and other riparian habitat restoration. Eidson received a BA from Cornell University.

Private Financing and Delivery Frameworks of Large-scale Green Infrastructure Implementation. See Sanjiv Sinha biography.

EL-GAFY, MOHAMMED, Engineer and Associate Professor, School of Planning, Design and Construction, Michigan State University Mohammed El-Gafy has been involved in a full range of intellectual and creative engagement activities that have increased his understanding of the field of Construction Engineering and Management and how it interacts with all areas of the built environment. His main research interest centers around Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Systems, Asset Management, and Subsurface Utility Engineering. El-Gafy is also interested in investigating the interface of technology and the

management processes in the construction environment. Integrating Sewer Infrastructure Management and Vacant Land Management in Legacy Cities See Mark Wykoff biography.

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ELMER, HEATHER L., Executive Director, Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc. Heather Elmer is the Executive Director of Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc., a non-profit regional partnership for healthy watersheds. She directs the organization’s technical services and initiatives related to stormwater management, ecological protection and restoration, land use planning, and model codes for watershed protection. Previously, Elmer led training and collaborative research initiatives supporting Great Lakes community resilience and green infrastructure for the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and ecological design at Oberlin College’s Lewis Center for Environmental Studies. Elmer

received an M.A. in Bioethics from Case Western Reserve University and a B.A. in Biology and English from Oberlin College.

Green Infrastructure Hydrologic Performance in Ohio’s Lake Erie Watershed See Keely Davidson-Bennett biography.

Model Watershed Protection Ordinances Incentivizing Green Infrastructure Co-presenter: Keely Davidson-Bennett, Chagrin River (Ohio) Watershed Partners, Inc. Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc. (CRWP) has collaborated with local and state agencies to develop and maintain a suite of model ordinances that Great Lakes communities can use to promote green infrastructure. The model ordinances are designed to protect the free flood control and water quality benefits of natural systems and reduce impervious cover. Adoption of these regulations provides local governments with tools to maintain stream and wetland functions as land is developed, ensures site features and water quality issues are considered early in the development process, and supports the use of stormwater systems that minimize water quality impacts.

This presentation will provide an overview of CRWP’s model ordinances for riparian setbacks, wetland setbacks, higher standards for flood damage reduction, stormwater management, erosion and sediment control, off street parking and conservation development, including examples of communities that have adopted and implemented the ordinances. Green infrastructure incentives in CRWP’s model stormwater and erosion and sediment control ordinances including runoff reduction crediting, requiring stormwater management for all commercial and industrial site development, soil preservation and post-construction soil restoration, infiltration-based stormwater control measures for redevelopment, and requiring infiltrative stormwater controls in coldwater habitat watersheds will also be discussed. Communities can adopt these recommendations to promote green infrastructure on private developments, lessen the burden of aging and undersized stormwater infrastructure, improve water quality and meet permit requirements. CRWP provides individualized technical assistance to tailor model ordinances to individual community needs and assist with ordinance adoption and implementation.

EVANS, THOMAS, Senior Landscape Architect, AECOM Thomas Evans serves as the Regional Green Infrastructure Design Services Director for AECOM. He has led numerous multidisciplinary teams for Green Infrastructure projects across the Midwest including projects such as stormwater wetlands, stream restorations, bio infiltration projects of all types, and green streets.

Stormwater Wetlands Serve Multiple Purposes and Attract Alternative Funding Stormwater Wetlands are a proven Green Infrastructure tool useful for communities to effectively manage both stormwater quality and quantity, while also providing significant and multiple other community benefits including open space, beautification, public education, and even increased property values. These type of projects, providing multiple community benefits, also make these projects attractive candidates for public/private partnerships or for alternative funding. In many states, these projects are eligible for grant funding. Nutrients and pollutants in stormwater represent the single largest pollutant load to urban rivers and the Great Lakes. Stormwater wetlands are constructed wetlands designed with elements to optimize treatment functions, utilizing physical and biological processes to reduce sediment, nutrients, and metals pollutant discharges in stormwater. These design processes are identical to those employed in wastewater treatment plant design. Projects may be greenfield constructed wetlands, or basin retrofits. Suitable locations for stormwater wetlands include urban, suburban or rural areas in parks, and stormwater basins. Although numerous stormwater wetlands have been built around the United States, stormwater wetlands are vastly underused and represent a Best Management Practice (BMP) that should be a more widely employed by municipal engineers or urban watershed restoration planners. Three constructed stormwater wetland projects are presented to illustrate the design principles, urban settings, multiple functions, economic benefits, as well as partnership opportunities.

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FELTON, JAKE, Director of Project Management, Fresh Coast Capital Jake Felton is Director of Project Management for Fresh Coast Capital where he manages implementation of the company's green infrastructure projects and programs. Prior to Fresh Coast, Jake was a Director for a large, national energy efficiency firm, where he led program delivery, business development and operational initiatives in partnership with investor owned utilities. Felton has also previously worked for general contracting and project engineering firms, primarily supporting management activities for infrastructure and institutional construction projects, with direct field experience in water/wastewater, mixed use development and underground utilities.

Felton has a BS in Civil Engineering with an emphasis in Construction Engineering from the University of Wisconsin – Platteville. He holds his Engineer In Training (EIT) designation and is an Agile Certified ScrumMaster.

Peoria, IL: A Community Based Public-Private Partnership Model for Green Infrastructure Co-presenter: Anthony Corso, City of Peoria This presentation will share new work happening in Peoria, IL to implement a unique CBP3 (Community Based Public Private Partnership) structure to pilot neighborhood scale green stormwater infrastructure. Panelists from the key partners, the City of Peoria, Fresh Coast Capital, AKRF and the Gifts in the Moment Foundation will share the goals and structure of the partnership and key lessons learned through the design and implementation process. The model discussed can have application throughout the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin. The City of Peoria, Illinois has a combined sewer system that creates water quality issues in the Illinois river, which is part of the Mississippi River watershed. The City is negotiating a consent decree for its combined sewer system that, if approved, would be the nation’s first 100% green stormwater infrastructure compliance plan. Fresh Coast will work with partners AKRF and the City of Peoria to install absorptive plant and tree-based landscapes that also generate revenue and create community engagement opportunities. In particular, landscapes will include harvestable stormwater tree farms as well as rain gardens (with food crops and/or native floriculture) on vacant and right-of-way land to form a complete streetscape of “green fingers” in the South Peoria neighborhood. The successful demonstration of these plantings and related monitoring program to meet EPA compliance requirements will allow this model to expand with privately funded impact investment capital throughout cities facing the dual issue of land vacancy and stormwater issues.

FRANKS TAYLOR, RACHAEL, Coastal Management Specialist, The Baldwin Group Rachael Franks Taylor is a Coastal Management Specialist working on contract to NOAA's Office for Coastal Management. In this position, Rachael serves as the liaison for the Minnesota and Michigan coastal programs, participates in Great Lakes regional initiatives, supports the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program, and participates in technical assistance and product development to help communities and ecosystems become more resilient. Rachael previously worked for The Nature Conservancy on both salty and freshwater coasts, and has earned degrees from Kalamazoo College and Duke University. She is based in Traverse City, Michigan.

Reducing Coastal Hazard Impacts with Green Infrastructure: A Tour of NOAA Resources See Tashya Allen biography.

Practitioners’ Exchange Forum: Sharing Experiences to Take Coastal Green Infrastructure to Scale Green infrastructure is becoming a popular strategy in the Great Lakes and being tested at a variety of scales. From site-specific options like rain gardens and rain barrels, to watershed-scale implementation plans, to shoreline softening projects along Great Lakes reaches, new things are being tried across the region to help improve not only water quality, but also to improve communities’ resilience. What have we learned? What’s motivating communities to invest in green infrastructure? How are these investments faring and are they having the intended benefits? And how can these lessons inform the future of green infrastructure in the region? Panelists in this forum represent a range of experiences – green infrastructure veterans and newbies working at a range of scales. They’ll share their lessons learned in an “ask the panel” dialogue aimed at exploring common opportunities, challenges, and needs across the region. Participants may listen to and learn from the exchange – or, better yet, can join in the conversation with their own questions, stories, and takeaways. It is sure to be an informative, interactive session!

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FRENCH, CHRIS, Water Environment Federation Chris French is the Director of Stormwater Programs for the Water Environment Federation (WEF) and has been implementing and interpreting the Clean Water Act and state water quality statutes for 20 years. In his position at WEF, He is responsible for managing the stormwater program and overseeing the recently launched WEF Stormwater Institute, a center of excellence and innovation that provides national leadership for sustainable stormwater management. French has a diverse background in watershed and water quality management having experiences in the government, non-profit and private sectors. French holds a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Management and Biology from South Dakota State University.

Developing a National Stormwater BMP Testing and Verification Program: The STEPP Initiative Stormwater BMP pollution removal efficiency studies have increased in both frequency and complexity over the past 15 years. However, the stormwater monitoring field is still relatively young and the approach to categorize, review, certify, evaluate, verify and/or approve stormwater runoff controls is less mature than that of other water monitoring sectors. Programmatic and administrative inconsistencies have unfortunately developed throughout the country as some individual states and permitting authorities independently developed BMP evaluation protocols and evaluation programs. This has also resulted in a landscape of water quality studies that utilize different monitoring techniques, which are difficult to directly. This not only negatively impacts the ability of resource managers to properly address local and regional water pollution and restoration efforts, but creates financial disincentives and burdens to private businesses that produce innovative proprietary stormwater practices.

Building the Workforce: The National Green Infrastructure Certification Program The National Green Infrastructure Certification Program (NGICP) is a fully functional national-level certification program aimed at creating a pool of skilled entry-level workers who are ready to work on building, inspecting and maintaining green infrastructure (GI) stormwater practices across the United States. The Program aims to support the establishment of perennial jobs that pay a living wage to credentialed field workers while meeting community needs to manage the growing inventory of decentralized stormwater infrastructure assets. The credential verifies that the certificants possess the required foundational knowledge to properly perform entry level GI construction, inspection and maintenance job tasks. This session will highlight how a variety of different utilities and municipalities are using the NGICP to support their stormwater management and green infrastructure programs.

FRYER, MARISA, University of Toronto Marisa Fryer is a MASc candidate in the Department of Civil Engineering at University of Toronto. Her research interests include low-impact development and stormwater management, with a focus on vegetation and green roof systems. Her research is currently ongoing at the Green Roof Innovation Testing laboratory under the supervision of Professor Jennifer Drake. She also has a BSc in Environmental Engineering and Literature from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she worked in the Nepf Environmental Fluid Mechanics laboratory.

Evapotranspiration and Interception by Sedum and Meadow Species in Green Roof Applications The complex tradeoffs between irrigation needs and stormwater management potential, in addition to the obvious goal of plant survival, make the choice of plant species a key component of green roof design. Sedums are known to survive better during drought conditions, in part due to their ability limit water loss caused by transpiration during the day, but this is simultaneously thought to make them less practical at reducing stormwater runoff. In contrast, native meadow species need to consume more water to survive, and may therefore reduce runoff more effectively. However, this hypothesis does not fully account for other means by which plants reduce runoff. Plants not only consume water for biological processes, but they also physically intercept water on the surface of their leaves and stems, which then evaporates. The purpose of this study is to examine the specific role of the plants in stormwater management on green roofs by comparing the interception and transpiration rates of sedum and meadow species over the course of a growing season in Toronto, ON.

Previous studies have focused on the water usage of the entire green roof system without separating the contributions of the plants and the soil, or have isolated the plants in enclosed laboratories, which does not accurately account for climate, precipitation, and other natural variables of a roof setting. By comparison, this study examines the behavior of the plants in a real green roof environment, measuring transpiration and interception resulting from real precipitation events. Data was collected from June to October, 2016, at the Green Roof Innovation Testing (GRIT) Laboratory at University of Toronto. The GRIT Lab is a multi-disciplinary space designed to test a range of variables, including plant species, growing media, soil depth, and irrigation regime. For this experiment, the sedum and meadow communities

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were each represented by three species (Sedum acre, Sedum album, Sedum ellacambianum, and Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, Festuca rubra, Achillea millefolium, respectively) and were subjected to three different irrigation regimes – no irrigation, daily irrigation, and sensor-based irrigation. While irrigation presents drawbacks in terms of water conservation and runoff reduction potential, it is often necessary for plant survival in the Toronto climate.

The transpiration rates of the plants were calculated from stomatal conductance, which was measured weekly with a porometer. Stomatal conductance represents the rate of passage of CO2 entering, or water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf. Interception was measured after each rainfall event by drying the leaves with paper tissues and weighing the tissues. Preliminary results indicate that the stomatal conductance of the meadow species is 3-6 times higher than the sedum within each irrigation regime. Conversely, the interception measurements show that sedum plants intercept between 6 - 15 times more water from rainfall events. This suggests that sedums may be just as effective as meadow species for stormwater control despite requiring less water to survive. These results can help to better inform industry practices in regions where stormwater management is a key factor in green roof rationale and design.

GANO, ERIC, Soil Scientist, USDA-NRCS Eric is a native of southeast Michigan and graduate of the School of Forestry and Wood Products at Michigan Technological University. He has been working with the USDA-NRCS as a soil scientist for 15 years, beginning his career working on the initial soil survey of Ontonagon County in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan. He has spent the last 11 years working out of the MLRA Soil Survey Office in Flint, Michigan maintaining and updating soil surveys covering an area from Mackinac City, Michigan to Findlay, Ohio.

Wayne County Urban Soil Survey The presentation will discuss some of the dominant soil properties that may have an impact on green infrastructure projects and planning in southeast Michigan as we give an overview of the soils found in the urban areas of Wayne County. In 1977 the Soil Survey of Wayne County Area, Michigan was published. However, 170,000 acres in twenty-four metropolitan cities, including the City of Detroit, were left unmapped due to urbanization. Now, 40 years later, the Soil Survey of Wayne County, Michigan is complete and published to the Web Soil Survey. In this presentation we will look briefly at how the soils in urbanized areas of Wayne County were mapped, highlighting some of the challenges to mapping soils in a city and how they were overcome.

GEBHARDT, JIM, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency In 1977 the Soil Survey of Wayne County Area, Michigan was published. However, 170,000 acres in twenty-four metropolitan cities, including the City of Detroit, were left unmapped due to urbanization. Now, 40 years later, the Soil Survey of Wayne County, Michigan is complete and published to the Web Soil Survey. In this presentation we will look briefly at how the soils in urbanized areas of Wayne County were mapped, highlighting some of the challenges to mapping soils in a city and how they were overcome. We will also look at an overview of the soils found in the area and discuss some of the dominant soil properties that may have an impact on green infrastructure projects and planning in southeast Michigan.

Private Financing and Delivery Frameworks of Large-scale Green Infrastructure Implementation. See Sanjiv Sinha biography.

GEURINK, BRENT, Associate Planner, Macomb County Department of Planning and Economic Development Brent Geurink is responsible for supporting key programs in land and water resources, including development of the Green Macomb Urban Forest Partnership. Prior to joining Macomb County, Geurink assisted in developing green infrastructure strategies in Orange County, California. He previously worked in ecological restoration and environmental consulting, including the multi-year restoration of natural areas after the Kalamazoo River oil spill. Geurink has a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Geology and Biology from Calvin College, and a Master’s in Planning from the

University of Southern California.

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GIBB-RANDALL, SHANNAN, Principal, InSite Design Studio Shannan Gibb-Randall’s background in both art history and landscape architecture form the scaffolding of her design approach. Her body of work has focused on ecologically-sensitive design - from stormwater management and conservation planning, to native plant design. Gibb-Randall’s award-winning work lives and thrives in highly urbanized settings to rural landscapes, each uniquely tailored to the ecological opportunities, design and program parameters, and distinct visual preferences of each client.

Getting Rain Gardens Built without Lifting a Shovel: Lessons Learned in Outreach & Education See Susan Bryan biography.

GRANATO, MEGAN, Natural Resources Planner, Maryland Department of Natural Resources Megan Granato specializes on restoration financing programs. She provides grant management for the Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund, which supports the implementation of innovative, cost-effective, and efficient restoration projects across the state. Granato also manages the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Grant funding provided by the Environmental Protection Agency, which supports progress towards achieving the 2014 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement goals and outcomes. Granato has a B.A. in Biology from Hamilton College and a M.S. in

Natural Resource Management from North Carolina State University. Her previous experience includes working as a restoration ecologist for an environmental consulting firm in California and researching the plants and soils of restored stream corridors in North Carolina.

Implementing Green Infrastructure to Improve Water Quality and Climate Resiliency in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed + Green Infrastructure for TMDL Credits Co-presenter: Sarah Lane, University of Annapolis The 2014 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, which was the first agreement of its kind to have support from all six states within the Watershed and the District of Columbia, set ten key goals that are guiding Bay restoration efforts. Two of these goals are to improve water quality in concert with the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and to improve climate resiliency. Green infrastructure is one of the key means through which progress is being made towards both of those goals within the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) administers several financing programs to help local counties and municipalities implement green infrastructure projects, two of which will be presented – the Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund and the Green Infrastructure Resiliency Grant. The Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund (Trust Fund) was created by the Maryland General Assembly to provide the financial assistance necessary to advance Chesapeake Bay restoration by investing in the most effective pollution control projects. State agencies work with local partners to administer the Trust Fund money in ways that leverage the funds to the greatest extent possible, target the funding in areas that deliver the greatest pollutant loads, engage the community at large, and hold everyone accountable. To date, the Trust Fund has invested in hundreds of green infrastructure practices across Maryland, which have included tree planting projects, bioretention facilities, rain gardens, and more. MDNR has also developed a Green Infrastructure Resiliency Grant (GIRG), which is supported by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funding made available through Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay Implementation Grant. Maryland is already experiencing more intense and frequent precipitation events due to the changing climate, which is affecting both stormwater and floodplain management needs. Green infrastructure can help to reduce flooding by allowing stormwater to infiltrate in place, which simultaneously provides water quality benefits. GIRG funding can be used for climate resiliency and flooding assessments through the design and construction of green infrastructure projects. This presentation will cover both of these funding programs in terms of the project selection process, examples of supported projects, and lessons learned from financing green infrastructure practices.

GREEN, DANIELLE, Program Analyst, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Great Lakes National Program Office Danielle Green is a Program Analyst in the U.S. EPA’s Great Lakes National Program Office. Working in the GLNPO office since 1989 in various roles, Danielle serves as the technical lead for green infrastructure projects. Danielle received her B.S. in environmental communications from University of Illinois, and her J.D. from Lewis and Clark law school. Danielle loves integrating native plants into urban spaces, bringing nature to all.

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Measuring the Difference, Targeting Green Infrastructure in Great Lakes Shoreline Cities Co-presenter: Jackie Adams, NE Ohio Regional Sewer District The Great Lakes are a gem, containing 20% of the world’s available fresh surface water, abundant with biodiversity, and home to approximately 40 million people. While people are part of this ecosystem, our footprint of development has changed the environment. When managing water, the built environment is often designed to convey stormwater away as quickly as is legally allowed. But this often results in flooding, increased flashiness, erosion and ultimately carrying greater amounts of pollutants into the Great Lakes.

In the Great Lakes Action Plan, EPA and our Federal partners identified urban stormwater runoff as a problem and green infrastructure as part of the solution to improve nearshore water quality. Green infrastructure projects can reduce flooding, increase greenspace in urban areas and return vacant properties to productive use. Understanding that urban stormwater runoff solutions are local, EPA GLNPO has funded local governments to implement green infrastructure in strategic locations. In the three years of Shoreline Cities Green Infrastructure grants, EPA has invested almost $11 Million in 40 projects across the Great Lakes basin.

In this presentation, we will focus on green infrastructure projects funded by EPA in targeted shorelines communities. These projects needed to include estimates of gallons of stormwater runoff reduced, using EPA’s National Stormwater Calculator. EPA uses these metrics to assess our progress towards the objectives in the Great Lakes Action Plan. We will detail select projects demonstrating a variety of green infrastructure solutions, such as: In Detroit, Michigan, the city transformed publicly owned vacant lots on the Lower Eastside into green space, and installed green infrastructure at Recovery Park to reduce the discharge of untreated stormwater to the sewer system. Monitoring to measure the difference in runoff is integrated into this project. In Gary, Indiana, the city resurrected a large vacant parcel across from their City Hall into a vibrant green space that will infiltrate stormwater. They are working closely with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to monitor the site and measure the difference that that green infrastructure implementation will make. In Duluth, Minnesota, the city installed green infrastructure at their Lake Superior Zoo, the Atlas Industrial Brownfield Park and Chambers Grove Park. These projects will greatly reduce the amount of untreated stormwater discharged into the St. Louis River and the Lake Superior Basin. In Oak Creek, Wisconsin, the city installed porous pavement in a parking area and constructed a bioretention pond on a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan to prevent the discharge of over 1 million gallons of untreated stormwater into the lake each year. The conversion of this former industrial brownfield into a city park will provide public access to the shoreline for the first time in 80 years. We continue learning from the Shoreline Cities projects implemented across the basin and will continue to work with municipalities for the best results.

GREENE HOPFER, MELISSA, Sustainability Coordinator, Lucas County Commisisoner Office Melissa Greene Hopfer serves as the Sustainability Coordinator for the Lucas County Commissioners Office. Her responsibilities include leadership of the Toledo-Lucas County Sustainability Commission, planning and facilitating sustainability workshops and seminars, and promoting sustainability within Lucas County. Greene Hopfer is also responsible for the management and implementation of the Toledo-Lucas County Sustainability Plan. A lot of her time is dedicated to improving water quality in the region including her work on the nutrient source inventory and green storm water infrastructure projects. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in

Environmental Policy & Analysis and a Masters of Public Administration degree specializing in Environmental Management. She earned both of her degrees from Bowling Green State University.

Nutrient Source Inventory – A Public Facing Water Quality Informational Tool See Tim Murphy biography.

GROSSHANS, JON, AICP, LEED-AP, Community Planner, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Jon Grosshans has been actively engaged in Detroit with the White House Detroit Federal Working Group to address both energy and environment issues between 2013 and 2017. Much of this work focuses on connecting EPA core programs to local needs such as brownfield redevelopment, blight elimination, energy efficiency, and green infrastructure. He continues to work closely with the City of Detroit to launch the City’s inaugural Sustainability Office.

Demolition, Vacant Lots, and the Concept of Passive Green Infrastructure Residential demolition is at once an approach to blight control, and an agent of significant landscape change in Great Lakes and St. Lawrence region cities. We assessed examined formerly residential vacant lots for their soil taxonomic

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and hydrologic characteristics of soils inside (where fill soil predominates) and outside (where soil disturbance is attenuated) of the demolition footprint in Detroit MI and Cleveland OH residential areas, in addition to a sampling of park landscapes in each city. Insights gained from these datasets indicated that demolition technique could be improved, and led to the development of updated demolition bid specifications, which could be voluntarily used by cities to increase the environmental performance of demolitions. However, we have identified that soil fill sourcing remains an issue, especially in light of tradeoffs between a supply of consistent soil material and demand for the material given the large number of demolitions that occur each year in these cities. We present field data and a discuss approaches to maximizing the number of vacant lots that would qualify as passive green infrastructures, which provide ecosystem services such as stormwater management, habitat, among other services in areas historically underserved in this regard.

GRUDEN, CYNDEE, DR., Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo Dr. Cyndee Gruden’s expertise is in stormwater management and modeling. She works closely with community stakeholders including non-profit organizations, municipalities, consultants, agencies, and citizens to implement urban green stormwater infrastructure. Toledo’s Green Infrastructure Journey – The Whys, Wows, Woes, and What’s Next See Katie Rousseau biography.

GRUELLE, MARTHA, Senior Manager, Conservation Planning, Wildlife Habitat Council Martha Gruelle is the primary resource person within Wildlife Habitat Council (WHC) for several important member companies. She also facilitates communications among about 45 WHC-certified corporate conservation programs in southeast Michigan and southwest Ontario. Gruelle is based in Detroit and has been with WHC for 10 years. She previously directed a neighborhood environmental organization in Detroit and earned a mid-career Master’s degree in ecosystem management from the University of Michigan.

An Energy Utility Incorporates GI and Wildlife Habitat Into Its Culture Co-Presenter: Kristen LeForce, DTE Energy DTE Energy, which operates regulated electric and gas utilities serving more than three million customers across Michigan, has long managed portions of its properties to benefit native species. The company has earned Conservation Certification by Wildlife Habitat Council at 35 of its locations. Wildlife Habitat Council promotes and certifies habitat conservation and management on corporate lands through partnerships and education. Recently DTE Energy has incorporated sustainability practices into the planning protocol for all major construction projects. These practices include intentional enhancement of wildlife habitat to be maintained in perpetuity, plus on-site storm-water management and other Green Infrastructure initiatives as appropriate. Green Infrastructure and wildlife habitat practices are now mandated to be considered in the very first steps of site planning for each new project; managers who do not include these aspects in their site plans must explain why not. The company expects savings in water rates as communities incentivize run-off reduction in their fee structures. As well, DTE Energy has learned that wildlife habitat programs benefit employee morale and community relations across their service area. Designers of the new planning protocol will describe the journey to getting GI and wildlife habitat written into the policies of a for-profit utility. Along with the corporate-wide experience, a case study will be offered to show the on-the-ground challenges and rewards of employee-based conservation programs.

GUTKNECHT, MARIANNE, Senior Environmental Engineer, Tetra Tech Marianne Gutknecht has more than 21 years of experience in environmental consulting and regulatory compliance experience spanning a wide range of state and federal programs. She has managed an extensive variety of environmental compliance projects, including preparation of annual reports, permits, and environmental management programs for industrial sites, commercial properties and municipalities. Most recently, Gutknecht’s work has included development of design policies and procedures and related documentation for DWSD’s storm water ordinance and drainage charge programs under DWSD’s Green Infrastructure Project.

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The Evolution of Green Infrastructure in Detroit - Updating Design Policies and Procedures In 2015, and in efforts to promote green infrastructure and comply with the NPDES permit, the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) placed a top priority to the development of a new post-construction storm water management ordinance. This presentation will review the overall process of the development of design policies and procedures and highlight several design policies and procedures applicable for site development in Detroit that meet the ordinance applicability thresholds.

City Staff Involvement: DWSD realized it was imperative to engage city departments in the process. DWSD also understood that City departments would be more willing and able to implement the ordinance and support policies and procedures if the process for understanding and implementing the ordinance was transparent, straightforward and coordinated with other department requirements. DWSD organized a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) that included staff from City departments including: planners, permitting, DWSD, public works, and legal counsel. Two subcommittees were formed from the TAC to assist in the development of the ordinance’s policy and design manuals which included members from non-profit groups and Wayne County.

Training and Implementation: In an effort to promote a better understanding of green infrastructure approaches, DWSD organized several tours of built green infrastructure projects in the City that highlighted various storm water practices. This training proved to be valuable when reviewing design policies and procedures and identifying barriers to green infrastructure. DWSD recognized gaps in staffing needs and training programs. Consultants were used in the short-term to assist staff. Long-term goals include an in-house staff dedicated to the implementation of the ordinance and drainage charge programs. Workshops and one-on-one training programs are anticipated to assist City personnel.

Design Policies and Procedures: In support of the ordinance, design policies and procedures were either updated or created to support green infrastructure practices. TAC members participated in a review of current practices and procedures to identify gaps and potential barriers. Inconsistencies between departments were also identified to simplify and create uniform practices. Examples of design policies and procedures from the evaluation included:

• Site Drainage - Besides the Michigan Plumbing Code, the City had best management practices that were developed to address problems such as basement flooding and nuisance drainage issues. Traditional drainage practices such as requirements for positive drainage and directly connected roof leaders conflicted with implementing storm water practices that are designed to reducing runoff volumes.

• Rainfall Data - Rainfall data is an integral component for site drainage. There were no published storm water drainage requirements for new development in Detroit other than the Michigan Plumbing Code. Municipal sewers were traditionally sized based on the Rational Method utilizing Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves prepared by the City of Detroit in 1943. Other projects referenced Wayne County rainfall standards.

Updated design policies and procedures were incorporated into the design manual. Design policies and procedures addressed in the design manual include: Hydrologic Procedures; Drainage from Buildings; Pavement Drainage; Drainage Structures; Common Design Elements; Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure Practices; Drainage Conveyance; and Integrated Green Infrastructure Site Design.

HAEFNER, RALPH J., Acting Director, U.S. Geological Survey, Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center Ralph Haefner is Acting Director of the U.S. Geological Survey Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center in Lansing, Michigan. He has worked for the USGS for the last 31 years focusing on groundwater issues, more recently related to stormwater infiltration and green infrastructure. He has a BS in geology from SUNY Oneonta, an MS in Geology from Bowling Green State University, and a PhD from Ohio State University where his studies focused on hydrogeology and geochemistry.

Coordinated USGS / USEPA Green Infrastructure Research at Select Sites in the Midwest Co-presenters: David Lampe and Chris Hoard, U.S. Geological Survey The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the Office of Research and Development) in collaboration with local partners from several Midwestern cities are investigating urban stormwater volume reduction through implementation of green infrastructure. The primary objective of this coordinated research is to quantify components of the urban water cycle as a means to compute a volumetric mass balance at sites of varying scales that incorporate rain gardens, vegetated swales, porous pavements, and other green infrastructure practices. High-frequency measurements of climate parameters, stormwater discharge, soils, and groundwater before and after the addition of green infrastructure will be used to calculate stormwater reduction efficiencies of select green infrastructure practices, either individually or collectively. Additionally, modeling of stormwater characteristics will be done to further explore our understanding of the hydrologic functions performed by green infrastructure. USGS and USEPA researchers have already recognized many challenges, such as developing

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meaningful metrics to compare and contrast sites in different settings, incorporating the effects of construction and design flaws, failing stormwater infrastructure, and explaining uncertainty related to our ability to make precise enough measurements that allow for comparison of various components of the urban water cycle. This presentation will describe our research methodology and provide some preliminary results from monitored sites in Buffalo, N.Y.; Cleveland, Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; Gary Ind.; and Omaha, Nebr.

HAZLETT, JOHN, LEED AP O+M, Team Leader - Integrated Planning, Williams Creek John Hazlett has over 15 years of experience working in energy efficiency, water conservation, recycling and stormwater management. Prior to joining Williams Creek, he was the Director of the Office of Sustainability for the City of Indianapolis, where he led the implementation of the Mayor’s Sustainability initiative and secured over $18 million in federal grant funds for various sustainability projects. Hazlett holds a Masters in Urban and Regional Planning from Portland State University with a specialization in Environmental Planning.

Green Infrastructure Maintenance: Creating Green Collar Workforce Development Opportunities Unlike traditional “grey” infrastructure systems that are installed underground out of the public’s view, green infrastructure (GI) provides highly visible, above ground community assets that can revitalize communities, promote public safety, and improve overall quality of life. Not unique to public infrastructure, Green Infrastructure requires consistent maintenance to function as intended and creates the opportunity for local job creation through the development of a skilled workforce trained in the various operations and maintenance tasks associated with different GI practices. GI Maintenance Workforce Development programs have the potential to partner nicely with nonprofit reentry and job training “feeder” programs as there are less barriers to entry into this growing field. Just as each community and partner is different, there are different methods for implementing training programs to fit the needs of each community.

Model A: Contracted Workforce - Given the specialized training needed to successfully maintain GI, many communities hire contracted labor to provide ongoing maintenance services for their GI assets. Williams Creek is currently maintaining GI for a variety of consent decree and MS4 communities including the Metropolitan Sewer District of Cincinnati (MSDGC), Indy Parks, and the cities of Lafayette and Fishers, Indiana. Maintenance services range from invasive removal to plant replacement and asset rehabilitation.

Model B: Green Collar Jobs Training - Williams Creek is leading GI maintenance job training programs in several communities by partnering with nonprofit and reentry programs to train individuals for a career in GI maintenance including Columbus, Ohio, and Indianapolis, Indiana. The green collar jobs model can also be adapted to an in house training model where city employees gain the skills needed to ensure the long term success of GI assets such as what has been utilized for the City of Fishers, Indiana.

Model C: Volunteer Training - Many communities rely on neighborhood partners to provide GI maintenance services. Williams Creek has trained groups of volunteers on a variety of projects in Columbus, Ohio and Indianapolis, Indiana from a variety of neighborhood and teen groups.

Through our experience in implementing these different models, we have found one size doesn't fit all. Models need to complement the funding mechanisms, staff/volunteers/contract labor who are performing maintenance, and address the existing and planned GI assets of a community. What is clear is the real need for skilled GI maintenance - due to its dual performance nature, GI assets require specialized training so they can continue to perform from a stormwater management perspective, but also for long term enhancement of quality of life. Couple that with the benefits education and training can bring to residents, youth volunteers, and reentry populations, Green Infrastructure is a solution that can "pay back" communities over the long haul.

HEFFNER, GAIL GUNST, PhD, Director of Community Engagement/ Office of the Provost, Calvin College Gail Gunst Heffner is co-founder/co-director of Plaster Creek Stewards. Prior she was the Associate Director of Calvin Center for Social Research and Director of Academically Based Service-Learning where she initiated the Calvin Environmental Assessment Program (CEAP). Her PhD is in Urban Studies and Resource Development from Michigan State University.

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Developing Youth Leadership for Green Infrastructure Co-presenters: David Warners, Ph.D., Calvin College, and Nichol DeMol, Trout Unlimited The Plaster Creek Stewards of Calvin College and Trout Unlimited have been working on a joint program in the Plaster Creek and Rogue River watersheds to engage youth in green infrastructure work. This program, called the “Green Team Initiative,” is a high school work force that maintains and installs stormwater practices. The Green Team Initiative educates youth about watershed ecology, environmental justice issues and the role of green infrastructure in stormwater management while training them to develop job skills for installing and maintaining Green Infrastructure. As part of their training, participants learn to propagate and care for native plants at Calvin’s greenhouse. The students use these plants to construct and maintain rain gardens and bioswales at job sites in residential and business settings in their watershed. In this way students are directly improving the communities in which they live through on-the-job training, while at the same time benefitting the health of local waterways by decreasing and filtering stormwater runoff. One added benefit for the Green Team students is the opportunity to work alongside college research assistants who help to de-mystify the college experience for the high school students. This initiative is helping to prepare the next generation of environmental leaders.

HERSEY, CHUCK, Senior Policy Fellow, Public Sector Consultants Before joining Public Sector Consultants, Chuck Hersey, was Manager, Environmental Programs, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG). Hersey has facilitated numerous watershed and regional groups addressing water quality issues. He facilitated the Consortium for Water Quality created at the behest of Federal Judge John Feikens. Hersey helped create and launch “Our water, Our future, Ours to protect” public education program on water quality (modeled after Ozone Action) and was a participant in development of remedial action plans for areas of

concern identified by the International Joint Commission Member of the Technical Advisory Board for the Great Lakes Protection Fund. Hersey was responsible for the creation and oversight of the Regional Water Quality Management Plan. He facilitated the process leading to successful adoption of the 2002 ballot proposal to create a one billion dollar water quality protection fund and facilitated the process leading to successful adoption of a four hundred million dollar water quality grant program. Hersey has guided numerous local governments to initiate and implement water quality protection measures. He developed a manual for assessing a community’s ability to pay for wastewater treatment improvements required in the federal Clean Water Act, and has authored numerous papers and reports on various water quality issues. Connecting Stormwater Services to Quality of Life: A Strategy for Action Michigan’s water assets are globally unique. They provide unparalleled environmental benefits. They are a foundational asset needed for sustained economic prosperity in a global economy where few, if any, of Michigan’s competitors for jobs and residents have as much access to fresh water. But the institutional fabric for managing our water assets to protect public health and support economic prosperity is incomplete. Until the void is filled, our progress will be somewhere between limited and stalled. Solving the problem begins with acceptance of three findings:

1. Like any other asset, water requires investment to ensure its continued availability and quality. An overriding focus for action is assuring that available tools for advancing water quality and quantity management be based on 3 principles: a. Investments must be fair: the service must be needed and paid for equitably. b. Investments must be transparent: the bases for charges and reducing charges must be easily assessable to those paying charges. c. Investments must be efficient and effective: service providers should be accountable for assuring that necessary costs are to pay for implementation of services determined to be the most efficient and effective.

2. Unless we invest in managing water quantity and limiting pollution generated whenever it rains, our economic prosperity is compromised. Pure Michigan... fishing, recreation, boating, tourism, business attraction and the quality of life of our residents will all be unnecessarily limited.

3. Meeting the principles of fairness, transparency, and cost-effectiveness requires legislation. That legislation should be built around compliance with the criteria set forth by the Michigan Supreme Court for distinguishing a tax from a fee. Recognizing that regulatory requirements will continue to evolve and become more costly until water quality standards are met, the framework in the legislation needs to be flexible and nimble.

This presentation will focus on answers to 5 questions and up to date information on actions being taken in Michigan: 1. What is the science explaining Michigan’s persistent water pollution problem? 2. Why is infrastructure needed to manage runoff from rainwater? 3. What is the structure of Michigan’s persistent water pollution problem? 4. How does the private sector benefit from solving the structural problem? 5. What are our options for funding rainwater infrastructure and how do they fare?

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HOARD, CHRIS, Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey Chris Hoard began his career as a hydrologist with the U. S. Geological Survey, Michigan Water Science Center in January 2001. During that time he has participated in studies involving groundwater flow simulation, surface-water modeling, borehole geophysics, Geographic Information Systems, and water-quality assessments. His primary research focus has been groundwater flow modeling, and examining groundwater and surface water interaction.

Coordinated USGS / USEPA Green Infrastructure Research at Select Sites in the Midwest See Ralph J. Haefner biography

Monitoring the Effects of Stormwater Control Practices at Recovery Park, Detroit, Michigan Co-presenter: Donald D. Carpenter, Drummond Carpenter, PLLC Combined sewer overflows impacting the Detroit River have focused interest on stormwater handling within the city of Detroit, and swaths of abandoned urban land have been identified as potential locations for the installation of stormwater control measures designed to reduce peak flows. The Recovery Park site in Detroit, where urban farming is reclaiming abandoned residential land, includes plans for stormwater control measures designed to reduce stormflow delivery to the local storm sewers. Recovery Park staff has teamed with Lawrence Technological University (LTU), City of Detroit Water and Sewer Department (DWSD), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Geological Survey to monitor storm and combined sewer flows at Recovery Park before and after installation of stormwater control measures. Comprehensive monitoring of various components of the water cycle at this site has begun. The monitoring is designed to assess the effects of stormwater control measures on flows related to storm events. Precipitation and potential evaporation are continuously monitored at a meteorologic station 1 mile from the site. Groundwater levels from a collection of 24 piezometers ranging in depth from 7.18 to 20.2 feet below land surface are continuously monitored. In addition, in sewer-discharge flows are being monitored at 7 locations within the combined sewers underlying the site. Results will be used to identify how stormwater volumes that would otherwise enter into the combined sewer collection system may be stored, evaporated, or infiltrated in the system as a result of stormwater control measures being implemented. Initial monitoring results show system response to storm events in piezometers and sewer flows. Despite expected low hydraulic-conductivity values at the site, groundwater levels respond to storm events and show seasonal patterns.

HOFFMAN, GREG, Director of Stormwater Services, Center for Watershed Protection Greg Hoffman has been with the Center for Watershed Protection since 2008. Through his work at the Center, Hoffman has had the opportunity to design numerous stormwater retrofits and develop stormwater regulations and guidance manuals for several states and communities. Prior to joining the Center, Hoffman spent ten years in Michigan, first as a Michigan Tech student, then as a consulting engineer in Southeast Michigan with a focus on water resources, including county drain restoration projects, MS4 permit support, and low impact development design. He would be happy to discuss all things stormwater with you, but as a native Wisconsinite, would be just as happy

discussing his beloved Packers.

Visualization and Financial Analysis: Make the Case with a Green Infrastructure Charette While grey infrastructure projects frequently cost hundreds of millions, or even billions of dollars, people in the green infrastructure industry rarely think on that scale. We asked, "What would happen if you invested $1 billion on green infrastructure in your community?" We brought together teams of designers, policy makers, and community stakeholders in 8 communities in Canada and the United States to sketch out a green infrastructure vision for their community, including where they would implement 15 different types of green infrastructure, and how much of each there would be. We then analyzed these numbers in our cost-benefit matrix. The matrix was created based on a rigorous literature review that we used to monetize 11 green infrastructure benefits, including stormwater management, improved energy efficiency, reduced heat island effects, jobs created, and more.

The charrettes created a compelling narrative for how and why green infrastructure could be implemented on a large scale in a community, complete with visuals and cost-benefit numbers. This narrative can be used as a catalyst to bring stakeholders to the table, and encourage green infrastructure policy and investment. This presentation talks about the process and structure of the green infrastructure, and how a charrette could be used to reimagine your community. Our most recent charrette was held in Harlem, NY, and featured significant community support and engagement - demonstrating how the charrette program could be an especially potent tool when used to help bring environmental justice to underserved communities that have limited access to nature.

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Stormwater for Sale: DC's Stormwater Retention Credit In Washington, DC every private development project that disturbs at least 5,000 square feet must utilize green infrastructure BMPs to retain 1.2 inches of rainfall on site. This requirement is one of the most stringent in the region. Since the city is already mostly built out, and there are no discounts or waivers for redevelopment projects, this 1.2-inch requirement can be very difficult to achieve. In response, the DC government has developed the Stormwater Retention Credit program. This program allows property owners to install voluntary stormwater BMPs, register them for stormwater retention credits (SRCs) based on the volume the BMPs capture, and sell those credits to developments that can’t or don’t want to install their own BMPs.

Creation of the SRC market was intended to provide a variety of benefits to Washington, DC, including: 1) property owners will have an incentive and funding source to retrofit their properties with green infrastructure BMPS; 2) compliance with stormwater regulations in ultra-urban areas will be cheaper than if all stormwater had to be managed on site; 3) green infrastructure BMPs will be spread out through the city, rather than being limited to the currently developing areas, and 4) the city will ultimately realize a greater volume of green infrastructure BMPs than it otherwise would. This presentation will focus on lessons learned since the SRC program was implemented four years ago. What has worked as planned? What hasn’t? And what improvements are underway? Using market-based systems to encourage the implementation of green infrastructure BMPS is a relatively new idea, with potentially broad-reaching impact. Lessons learned from Washington DC’s pioneering efforts in this realm may be very useful to other communities looking to follow a similar path.

Water Quality Everywhere: Retrofitting Private Property with Public Funds In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, federal and state mandates to implement the Chesapeake Bay TMDL have led to significant requirements for county- and city-operated municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) to reduce their phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment discharges. While requirements vary, many MS4 permits now include specific impervious cover reduction targets. In Maryland, for example, all Phase I MS4 communities are required to provide water quality treatment for at least 20% of their impervious cover by 2025. This requirement has proven to be a major challenge, both in terms of cost and logistics. This presentation will discuss the responses of three Maryland communities, Prince George’s County, Howard County, and Baltimore, each of whom have realized that 1) they don’t control enough land to achieve this level of stormwater retrofitting; 2) they don’t have the in-house resources to design and implement this many retrofits (and neither do their consultants); and 3) they need to find more cost-effective means for implementing stormwater retrofits.

In an effort to solve these dilemmas, each community has developed an innovative plan to fund retrofits on private property. Prince George’s County has implemented the Clean Water Partnership, a major public private partnership that will pay a private company to construct and maintain stormwater retrofits on over 2,000 acres of private property. Howard County has developed a Nonprofit Partnership Agreement program that seeks to implement retrofits on nonprofit-owned properties. Any nonprofit that enters the program must allow retrofits to be installed on their property to the maximum extent practicable. In return, the properties’ stormwater utility fees are waived. Finally, Baltimore is looking into converting a portion of its many urban vacant lots into stormwater BMPs. An analysis determined that acquiring vacant lots in key locations and building stormwater BMPs could go a long way toward meeting the city’s stormwater obligations.

While each of these strategies arose in response to Chesapeake Bay restoration requirements for MS4 communities, they can be applied to both MS4 and combined sewer communities anywhere; including the Great Lakes watershed. These strategies may be particularly relevant for combined sewer communities whose long term control plans include widespread implementation of green infrastructure. These communities may find that stormwater retrofits on private property will be an essential component in achieving their green infrastructure goals.

HOLLAND, CRAIG, Senior Director of Product Development, The Nature Conservancy Craig Holland is NatureVest’s Senior Director of Product Development, specializing in green infrastructure investment and deployment. A contributing author to “Creating Clean Water Cash Flows,” Holland helped develop private financing mechanisms for Philadelphia’s Green City Clean Waters initiative. He previously served as the Director of Operations for BioLite, a clean energy product manufacturer. Prior to BioLite, Holland spent a decade managing the engineering and industrial design firm, Hoberman Associates. He holds a BA from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and an MS from Columbia University.

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District Stormwater: Catalyzing DC's Stormwater Retention Credit Market Summary: In 2013, the District of Columbia’s Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE) implemented its 2013 Stormwater Rule. The 2013 Rule, as it is referred to, requires regulated developments to manage stormwater runoff from a 90th percentile storm event using one of 13 approved green infrastructure best management practices and/or through participating in the District’s Stormwater Retention Credit Trading Program (“SRC Trading Program.”) This presentation will summarize the 2013 Rule and SRC Trading Program from the perspective of District Stormwater, LLC, an early-entrant into the SRC Trading Program ecosystem. It will conclude with best practices for communities considering developing stormwater credit trading programs and for private entities seeking to participate in stormwater markets.

Presentation Outline: Environmental markets, like stormwater credit trading markets, offer a way to improve environmental outcomes at the lowest possible cost. DOEE’s SRC market seeks to do just this; by allowing real estate developers to purchase a portion of their stormwater retention requirement offsite at a lower cost of compliance than constructing it onsite. While the new stormwater rules and the SRC market were officially created in 2013, the regulations were phased in over 2.5 years and their scope has only recently begun to impact real estate developers. As such, there have been relatively few SRC trades. To date, over 31,000 SRCs have been traded at an average price of $2.02. DOEE expects the number of SRC trades to increase rapidly as more developments are impacted by the 2013 Rule.

District Stormwater is a joint venture between Encourage Capital and The Nature Conservancy that is building SRC-generating green infrastructure in Washington, DC. The company was founded in 2015, and has received financing from Prudential Financial. This is the first institutional capital to enter the SRC market. With Prudential’s investment, District Stormwater is positioned to begin construction of its first green infrastructure project by the end of 2016, and sell SRCs during 2017. As the first institutional investors in a unique and nascent market, District Stormwater has uncovered many areas for process improvement: • Improving visibility between buyers and sellers. • Increasing liquidity and private participation by establishing a price floor via a regulator purchase guarantee. Buyers also gain confidence in the market through a price ceiling and an alternative to credits, should liquidity be a problem, via an in-lieu fee. • Tax treatment for creating and selling, or hosting, SRCs on their 3rd party (particularly tax exempt) land. • Incentivizing certain types of green infrastructure or construction in certain areas through the creation of premium credits or through regulator purchases in high-impact areas. • Targeted grant making and public subsidy to jumpstart activity and defray predevelopment expenses.

HOLLOWAY, MORGAN, Hazard Mitigation Officer, FEMA Region 5 Morgan became a Hazard Mitigation Officer for FEMA Region 5 in October 2009. During Morgan's FEMA career, she has been deployed to 20+ Presidentially Declared Disasters. Multiple times, Morgan served as the Hazard Mitigation Branch Director, including the Maryland Hurricane Sandy Disaster (FEMA-4191-DR-MD). She also has experience working in Disaster Recovery Centers and on Preliminary Damage Assessments. Aside from working Mitigation roles, Morgan has also worked in the Regional Response Command Center (RRCC) as Essential Support Function 15, during a National Level Exercise. She is currently the Mission Assignment Manager in the RRCC, and has served as this role in both Regional Exercises, National Level Exercises, and in real incidents. Morgan also worked with External Affairs, as the Social Media Coordinator, kick-starting FEMA Region V's Twitter account. Morgan is a firm believer in the Agency's mission and in Mitigation itself; she constantly explains that the point of Mitigation is to, "work ourselves out of a job." Morgan works closely with her State partners to ensure proper and effective delivery of the Hazard Mitigation Assistance Programs, both during disasters and in peace time. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance: Green Infrastructure & Climate Resilient Mitigation Actions Co-presenter: Nicole Larosa, FEMA Region 5

HOULE, JAMES, Research, University of New Hampshire James Houle is the Program Director for the Stormwater Center. His responsibilities include directing and managing the Stormwater Center's growing body of research projects. Areas of expertise include diffusion of innovative stormwater management solutions, the design and implementation of innovative stormwater control measures including green infrastructure (GI), and low impact development (LID) strategies, planning and implementation, operation and maintenance, and water resource monitoring. Houle holds a Ph.D in Natural Resources and Environmental Science and has over fifteen years of experience with water quality related issues in New England and is a certified professional in storm water quality (CPSWQ) and a certified professional in erosion and sediment control (CPESC).

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Green Infrastructure Sizing, Are We Getting it Right? This presentation will detail field investigations that were conducted on the performance of small capacity urban retrofit stormwater control measures (SCMs). The objective of the two year study (2013-2015) was to provide performance data on stormwater retrofits that could not be sized according to conventional standards. In many states performance credits are not granted to SCMs that are not designed to manage regionally derived water quality volumes. In retrofit applications there may exist numerous limitations to conventionally sized systems such as limited rights of way, existing utilities, and difficulties with coordinating private properties to name but a few.

This study introduces data on an innovative bioretention design with a water treatment residual (WTR) admixture filter media and an internal storage reservoir and an undersized linear subsurface gravel wetland with an internal storage reservoir sized to optimize both phosphorus and nitrogen removal. In this study systems retrofitted into existing developed areas were sized at less than the water quality volume (undersized systems). The bioretention system was constructed in the town of Durham, NH in summer 2011 and the subsurface gravel wetland system constructed in a linear drainage right of way in a residential neighborhood of Durham, NH in the fall of 2013. Data are being used by EPA Region 1 to calibrate and verify SCM models for developing long-term cumulative performance estimates for these SCM for design capacities ranging from small to large. Sediment and metal removals for both undersized systems were high with median removal efficiencies (RE) in the Subsurface Gravel Wetland (SGW) system (SGWSC#1) of 75% for both Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Zinc (TZn). The Durham Bioretention (Durham Bio) (IBSC#2) recorded median RE of 86% for TSS and TZn. Total Phosphorus (TP) RE were higher than conventional Bioretention systems with the SGW system achieving a median RE of 53% and the Durham Bio achieving a median RE of 40% for TP. Orthophosphate (OrP), the most bioavailable form of phosphorus, was generally reduced in the SGW system, with median RE of 53% and effluent concentrations consistently below 0.06 mg/L. The Durham Bio system did achieved moderate reductions of OrP concentrations with median RE of 38% and effluent concentrations consistently below 0.02 mg/L. Both systems reduced total nitrogen by approximately 20% (23% for SGW and 21% for Durham Bio) with median effluent concentrations of 1.4 mg/L. Reduction in nitrate was limited to storms that were at or below the design storm event in the SGW only, median effluent concentrations for the SGW and Durham Bio were 0.3 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. Performance for all pollutants with the exception of dissolved nitrogen species approached performance expectations for conventionally sized systems despite being “undersized” by 90% for the SGW and by 70% for the Durham Bio as compared to conventional sizing methods.

Community Decisions about Innovations in Water Resource Management The purpose of this study was to investigate the social, economic and technological factors that influence rates of adoption of innovative stormwater management approaches in municipal organizations in the Great Bay watershed, NH. The scope of this study was to investigate how innovations spread through municipal populations in a specific region and watershed area of the US. The methodology used mixed qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews, case studies, and surveys to examine perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs that influence the adoption of innovative stormwater management solutions, as well as the governance characteristics of municipalities at different stages of adoption. Major findings include: adopter categories can be relatively easily and quickly categorized into early and late majorities as a preliminary means to identify populations of ready and willing audiences interested in and capable of advancing innovations; early and late adopter classifications followed general diffusion theory, but differed in substantial ways that could influence overall project or program success; and finally that early majority communities have more internal and external capacity to advance innovations as well as higher levels of peer-to-peer trust to offset perceptions related to economic risk that can either advance or stall innovative stormwater management solution adoption. This research offers insights on how to allocate scarce resources to optimally improve water quality through stormwater management solutions, and makes recommendations for how to effectively and efficiently generate greater understanding of complex barriers to adoption that thwart innovation in municipal governance organizations. One significant implication is that agents of change who want to move innovations through a broad municipal population should focus their efforts on working with innovators and early adopters that have status within relevant peer networks and who have capacity to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of innovations.

HUFNAGEL, CAROL, National Wet Weather Practice Leader, Tetra Tech, Inc. Carol Hufnagel is the consultant program manager for the Detroit Green Infrastructure Programand the national wet weather practice leader for Tetra Tech, specializing in the evaluation and control of sewer systems impacted by wet weather flow, including separate sanitary systems and combined sewer systems. Her work in green infrastructure has included institutional issues, project selection, outreach, design and assessment. Hufnagel has worked on CSO and green infrastructure programs in Omaha, St. Louis, Seattle, Pittsburgh and Toledo. She was the lead for the Water Environment Federation’s Green Infrastructure Implementation Manual published in 2014.

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Who Owns That Land? See Valerie Novaes biography.

Maximizing Benefits and Scaling Up: Green Infrastructure in Detroit Co-presenter: Palencia Mobley, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department’s (DWSD) is implementing a green infrastructure program that was initially negotiated as part of their CSO control program. However, Detroit has broader visions for green infrastructure, seeking to become one of the greenest cities in America and working to take advantage of extensive available land, including vacant land in public ownership. Two primary elements of the Detroit program include creating green infrastructure at scale and implementing green infrastructure that is relevant to quality of life in the City. In addressing these issues, DWSD has two primary areas of focus. The first is working to make green infrastructure implementation an effort that is shared between public and private property owners. That is being accomplished through the development of institutional structures that incentivize green infrastructure on private property. In 2016, Detroit launched a major overhaul of its drainage charge system, providing opportunities for property owners to reduce their costs through the implementation of stormwater management. Distributing these costs to all property owners based on their impervious acres is providing a significant incentive for on-site management of flows. Planned for 2017 is the implementation of a revised code and ordinance structure that calls for developers to manage their stormwater on site. Together, these actions will result in significantly improved stormwater management. The second major effort is the development of longer range plans that define green infrastructure in a way that supports the stability of neighborhoods, targets CSO discharge reduction and helps to reduce basement backup conditions. This planning effort is being undertaken in cooperation with the Planning and Development Department, Housing and Revitalization Department and General Services Department. Collectively these City agencies are looking for ways that green infrastructure will provide multi-purpose benefits that are meaningful to the community. Detroit’s vision for stormwater management is broad in scope. In order to best serve the residents of the City, the full range of wet weather events must be managed. DWSD’s goals include reducing volume to the sewer system from small, frequent events; to detaining larger events that would result in CSO discharges; to effectively managing flooding events to reduce basement backups. These two major approaches are critical to the success of green infrastructure in the City of Detroit and the change it can bring to the quality of life in the City.

HUNTER, TONYA, Landscape Ecologist, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. Tonya Hunter has over 12 years of experience working as a landscape ecologist for Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. She has an educational background in biology and landscape architecture and applies her knowledge of native plants, landscape design, and the construction process to a wide range of projects including wetland delineation and mitigation design, green infrastructure implementation, wildlife management plans, storm water master plans and the enhancement of native habitat. She is a Licensed Landscape Architect with a background in biology, a Michigan Certified Natural Shoreline Professional with the Michigan Natural Shoreline Partnership,

and a Certified Arborist with the International Society of Arboriculture.

Recognition and Relationships: The Unintended Benefits of Green Infrastructure Co-presenter: Luba Sitar, ITC Holdings Corp. Green Infrastructure can provide additional value to businesses and communities that goes beyond the traditional environmental, social and economic benefits. Opportunities created by green infrastructure include improved employee morale and stronger community relations, increased public recognition, environmental education and recreational activities. The installation of green infrastructure projects on corporate sites can form a connection with the local community by creating important volunteer and outreach opportunities through planting and maintenance work days. This interaction also allows an opportunity for improved public relations by encouraging the public to engage and learn about the business as they demonstrate their commitment to improving the environment and enhancing wildlife habitat. A uniquely designed green infrastructure project may also become a well-known landmark which can bolster a company’s presence in the community. Green infrastructure can also improve the overall aesthetics and wildlife value of a site through the careful selection and maintenance of plant material. Often green infrastructure sites provide connections to other natural areas which are valuable for the movement of wildlife and people, leading to environmental education in the form of public awareness and recreational activities such as photography and bird watching. Third-party awards, certifications and recognition are also available on a local, national or even international level that provide credibility to a business’ or community’s efforts to improve the environment through green infrastructure. These certifications and awards can enhance the public’s positive perception by providing highly visible green solutions, especially if a business is more widely recognized for practices that appear to

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diminish its positive environmental impact. The least noticeable benefits of green infrastructure often have the largest impact in terms of creating strong positive connections. This presentation will provide greater detail about these unintended benefits by exploring real world examples and success stories as implemented by ITC at their corporate sites and through vegetation management within their transmission corridors.

HYLAND, RAY, Northeast Area Green Infrastructure Leader, Brown and Caldwell Ray has a passion for green infrastructure and has spent the last 17 years focused on GI for managing stormwater and reducing combined sewer overflows. He has provided program and project management for some of the largest GI programs in the East, including NYC, Boston, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. When he's not working or spending time with his family you can find him riding one of his 6 bicycles.

A Property Management Model for GI Maintenance in Cleveland Under Project Clean Lake, the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (District) constructed several Green Infrastructure (GI) facilities to capture stormwater runoff and reduce combined sewer overflows, improving water quality in Lake Erie. The District is responsible for maintaining these GI facilities to achieve peak flow control and runoff volume reduction, as well as sustain a high quality appearance. Maintaining GI goes beyond typical groundskeeping duties of weeding and trash removal. Inlet and outlet structures and subsurface piping may also require inspection and maintenance. Furthermore, common practices such as mowing and fertilizing are commonly discouraged. Unlike centralized gray infrastructure controls, GI is more widely distributed and poses new challenges in maintenance planning and execution. In fact, new staff and equipment may be necessary to meet the growing demands of the GI facilities. With these challenges in mind, the District looked to a third party to help achieve their goal of functional performance and aesthetics. The scope of work includes performance assessment, such as infiltration tests and draw-down observations, as well as conditional assessment for vegetative replacement. Also, the District wishes to engage local community groups be trained to perform future maintenance. To meet this range of required skillsets, the District will solicit a property manager, overseeing each aspect of the maintenance program to provide a high level of quality control. This presentation will highlight the GI projects, their maintenance needs and how the property manager maintenance model provides the best solution for the District’s needs.

IORIO, PAUL, Senior Project Manager, StormTree® Paul Iorio is an engineer with StormTree, a Rhode Island-based design and engineering firm specializing in the integration of plant systems with stormwater management in commercial and residential applications throughout the northeast. Over the past 25 years, his work has involved soil and water pollutant removal systems incorporating principals of bioretention and “natural enhancement” such as biological (bioremediation) and plant (phytoremediation) in achieving cleanup goals and providing low impact development solutions. Previously, Iorio was an independent landscape design consultant and contractor. He holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in plant, soil and water sciences, and environmental engineering. Tree Filter Systems for Sustainable Stormwater Management Tree filter systems integrate common street trees with stormwater collection as a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional “end of pipe” systems in achieving stormwater management and remediation goals and protecting receiving waters. Many State regulatory agencies and municipalities are now strongly encouraging low impact development (LID) techniques such as tree filter systems to effectively replicate pre-development conditions and reduce the negative impact of land development and surface paving. These systems are unique in that they integrate aboveground vegetation with subsurface bioremediation principals to treat and “cleanse” stormwater contaminated with pollutants such as oil/grease, phosphorous, nitrogen, bacteria, and heavy metals, prior to subsurface infiltration to groundwater and aquifers.

These systems utilize natural physical, biological and chemical remediation functions with greater efficacy than most infrastructure-engineered (conventional) stormwater management practices. Tree filter systems are well suited for new as well as existing residential streets and neighborhood. As part of a new development they may one of many LID techniques in providing stormwater management. As a retrofit for an existing street application they may assist and/or replacing aged catch basins and other facilities where stormwater conveyance is inefficient or ineffective due to faulty systems.

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ISELY, ELAINE STERRETT, Director of Water & LID Programs, West Michigan Environmental Action Council Elaine Sterrett Isely has more than 20 years of experience in law, environmental policy, research, outreach, and public speaking. She holds a B.S. in Finance from the University of Maryland, a J.D. from Wayne State University, and an M.S. in Biology/Natural Resources Management from Grand Valley State University. A veteran of the West Michigan legal and environmental communities, Ms. Isely joined West Michigan Environmental Action Council (WMEAC) to lead its Water and LID Programs in December 2012. Prior to joining WMEAC, she also served as the Project Manager for

West Michigan Strategic Alliance’s Green Infrastructure Initiative, a Research Associate and Assistant for the R.B. Annis Water Resources Institute at Grand Valley State University, and as a Sea Grant Fellow with the Great Lakes Commission.

Regional Rainscaping: Building a Regional Green Infrastructure Implementation Program in West Michigan See Wendy Ogilvie biography.

Rainwater Rewards Stormwater Calculator: Costs and Benefits of Green Infrastructure West Michigan Environmental Action Council (WMEAC), in partnership with Grand Valley State University (GVSU), and Michigan Technological University (MTU), has developed an online and mobile-friendly stormwater calculator tool that calculates the costs and benefits of ecosystem services associated with the implementation of green infrastructure practices such as rain gardens, tree pits/planters, porous pavement, green roofs, rain barrels, bioretention/infiltration ponds, and the conservation of natural areas. The primary ecosystem services associated with urban green infrastructure implementation include avoided volume of water, flood risk reduction, water pollution reduction (total suspended solids and phosphorus), property value amenity, energy savings, air pollution reduction, and carbon dioxide storage. Final edits to the calculator tool are anticipated by the end of May 2016, but the calculator is currently live at: rainwaterrewards.com.

WMEAC’s proposed presentation will be workshop-style, and will include a brief presentation that will provide project background and an overview of the development and use of the Rainwater Rewards Stormwater Calculator. Afterward, the workshop participants will be divided into small teams and provided with real-world stormwater green infrastructure scenarios. Workshop participants will be asked to utilize laptops, cell phones, and other mobile devices to run green infrastructure calculations on real world stormwater management implementation decisions and answer policy questions. Specific scenarios will be provided, although participants will be encouraged to bring scenarios from their own experiences. Each team will report out their results and how those results contributed to their decision making. Calculator usage and results will be discussed, as well as the implications for future decision making. Funding for this project is being provided by the U.S. Forest Service through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This tool was developed utilizing data from the City of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the estimates used in the cost-benefit analysis were validated against actual proposed and implemented green infrastructure projects. We are continuing to test the transferability of the tool to other cities throughout the basin utilizing data from proposed projects in Muskegon, Holland, and Zeeland (MI).

KACVINSKY, GREGORY, Project Manager, OHM Advisors Mr. Kacvinsky is a Project Manager and Partner with OHM Advisors. He received his Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1995 and his MBA at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 2002. He has extensive experience throughout the Midwest (Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) in infrastructure asset management, municipal planning and design, storm/sanitary sewer master planning, capital improvement planning, and related infrastructure design. Kacvinsky's experience also includes the development of enterprise funds for communities, including stormwater utilities.

Balancing Flood Control and Volume Reduction in Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan See Nancy M. Russell biography.

Infrastructure Funding for the 21st Century Communities throughout the U.S. have been dealing with aging infrastructure and stagnant revenues. This paper provides a historical context on how infrastructure was built, maintained, and paid for in the 1900s and how recent trends are changing how we will address infrastructure in the 2000s. Communicating the need for infrastructure re-investment is critical in order for communities to provide a sustainable foundation for economic development. This situation is more acute because of the following: 1. Our infrastructure footprint is growing much faster than our

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population, based on land use and population data collected during the last 35 years. On a national scale, current taxpayers are responsible for funding approximately 40% more infrastructure, per capita, than 35 years ago. Combining this with reduced infrastructure spending at the federal level creates an unsustainable situation in which large components of our infrastructure will continue to deteriorate without the resources to rebuild or repair. 2. Climate change is forcing utility owners to rethink the sizing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems; especially due to changes in design-event rainfall depths. As the measuring stick for design storms changes, older infrastructure may no longer meet our current needs. For instance, a major stormwater conveyance system initially designed for a 100-year rainfall event may only provide a 50-year (or lower) level of protection. Communities will need to evaluate whether the infrastructure will be replaced or whether its residents and businesses will need to endure a higher risk of property loss. This reality may soon be reflected in FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps, many of which still rely on hydrologic models that are decades old. 3. The federal government is effectively getting out of the business of infrastructure. This is evidenced by downward trends in tax revenues and spending on infrastructure programs. According to the White House Office of Management and Budget, current federal infrastructure spending, about 0.7% of GDP, is only half of the average spending level over the last 55 years.

Based on a recent study by the McKinsey Global Institute, the United States must raise infrastructure spending by 1% of GDP. This translates to an additional $170-$180 billion per year, which is well above what the federal government currently spends, in total, per year on all infrastructure projects (including transportation). Given the magnitude of this funding gap and the shift in federal funding priorities, it is likely that the burden will need to be spread to state and local governments. State and local governments must focus on the following to successfully address infrastructure in the 21st century. 1. Focus first on redeveloping blighted urban areas over greenfield development. 2. Raise local transportation funding: state and local gas taxes will need to be raised to make up for the lack in federal road funding. 3. Implement Asset Management Plans for all water and sewer systems and raise utility fees as necessary. 4. Create stormwater utilities (user fees) to provide dedicated funding for stormwater collection systems. 5. Develop active public relations campaigns that touch voters and elected officials.

KARLL, KELLY, PE, Senior Planner, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Kelly Karll’s career has covered municipal engineering, consulting and now regional planning for the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. With over 20 years of experience, Karll has continuously worked with both planners and engineers to improve alignment on water resource topics. She helped lead the development of the Green Infrastructure Vision for Southeast Michigan, the Great Lakes Green Streets Guidebook and the I-75 Conservation Plan in Monroe County. She is currently leading an effort to integrate environmental priorities, including stormwater management, into the Southeast Michigan Long Range Transportation Plan. She was also a contributing author to the Water Environment Federation Green Infrastructure Implementation handbook. She received

her Bachelor’s degree in Civil engineering and her Master’s in Environmental Engineering, both from Michigan State University. She currently lives on a small farm raising chickens and cows and enjoys teaching environmental science to local coop school groups.

Identify Your Green Infrastructure Priorities See Bruce Cleland biography.

Leveraging Green Infrastructure Across Regional Plans: Water Resources, Transportation, Economic Development, PedBike and Access to Core Services The Green Infrastructure Vision for Southeast Michigan highlights goals and regional policies for expanding and influencing green infrastructure implementation across the 7-county region. Recognizing that green infrastructure transcends the traditional role of stormwater management into many local government responsibilities, it is now a consideration in numerous southeast Michigan regional plans. Whether defined as a conservation area or park or as a stormwater best management practice, SEMCOG is integrating green infrastructure into the transportation planning process, both in the Regional Transportation Plan and in supporting the Michigan Department of Transportation’s early scoping process. Economic development and Access to Core Services also present opportunities for communities to add green infrastructure elements that provide economic, aesthetic and environmental benefits. Finally, Pedestrian, Bicycle and Safety Plans can highlight creative green infrastructure alternatives that achieve a unique balance in the world of transportation. This presentation will draw attention to the role of green infrastructure in regional planning and how local communities and counties can influence these flexible green infrastructure alternatives.

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KERKEZ, BRANKO, Assistant Professor, University of Michigan Branko Kerkez is an assistant professor and Berker and Gokyigit Faculty Scholar in the Civil and Environmental Engineering department at the University of Michigan. He obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering, and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, all from UC Berkeley. His research interests include water, data and sensors.

Smarter Stormwater Systems We present a next generation "smart" stormwater framework that augments stormwater infrastructure with sensors and controllers. This framework allows stormwater assets to be monitored and controlled in real-time from a command center. By analyzing real-time metrics, the performance of green and gray assets can be tracked beyond construction to inform maintenance schedules. Furthermore, we show that by attaching "smart" valves, stormwater assets can be controlled in real-time to reduce downstream flooding, improve infiltration, and runoff pollutant treatment. We discuss the deployment of these technologies in a three square mile watershed in Ann Arbor, MI, as well as a bioswale in Toledo, OH.

KERKEZ, LINDSEY, Water Resources Engineer, OHM Advisors Lindsey Kerkez works on a variety of stormwater, sanitary sewer, and drinking water infrastructure projects thorughout the midwest. She has worked on numerous Asset Management Plans in Michigan. Kerkez is a Certified Floodplain Manager and Professional Engineer. Toward a Sustainable Model for Stormwater: Why Stormwater Utilities Make Sense There is an urgent need to develop sustainable funding sources for the operation, maintenance,

rehabilitation and replacement of stormwater infrastructure. While most other utilities have established reliable revenue streams, the same cannot be said for the stormwater sector in Michigan. With the recent regulatory push for Asset Management Plans, municipalities are assessing the condition of their systems and identifying a variety of issues. Given the rapidly deteriorating state of stormwater systems, there is significant need for a comprehensive economic plan. We discuss existing funding challenges and share success of ongoing collaboration with communities in Michigan. Toward the goal of developing a sustainable funding plan, stormwater advisory groups were created to engage local stakeholders, policy makers, and citizens. Community engagement topics included stormwater basics, water quality, the current condition of the system, existing legal precedents, and funding options. The preliminary rate models identified large funding gaps and allowed us to set up the framework for a new enterprise fund. We discuss the ideas that resonated the most with communities and resulted in the consensus for using of stormwater utilities as an equitable financing mechanism.

KIESER, MARK S., Senior Scientist and Principal, Kieser & Associates, LLC. Mark Kieser has 33 years of consulting experience in addition to three years of academic research on water resource issues in the Great Lakes. He has been active in watershed assessment and program development since 1984. Kieser is recognized nationally and internationally for his innovative policy development and program implementation of water quality trading markets that involve point sources, and non-point sources such as agriculture and urban stormwater. Kieser has provided scientific, planning and management expertise to hundreds of watershed associations, municipal and private clients in the U.S. over his consulting career. For the past 20 years, he and

his staff have led planning and implementation projects in both rural and urban settings ranging from small drainage areas of 3,600 acres to large lakes and multi-state watersheds such as the St. Joseph River (MI and IN), Western Lake Erie Basin (OH, IN, MI, Ontario), Lake Tahoe (CA and NV) and Ohio River Basin. Kieser has also been assisting MS4s and urban authorities with stormwater planning and implementation projects since 2000 using cost-effective prioritization and quantification approaches to optimize capital investments linked with lower cost water quality controls. He leads watershed management and program development at K&A. Kieser has a Bachelor’s degree in Biological Sciences from Wittenberg University and a similar Master’s Degree from Michigan Technological University.

Lake Simcoe "Zero Export" and Stormwater Phosphorus Offset Program Co-presenter: Michael Walters, Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority The Lake Simcoe Phosphorus Offset Program (LSPOP) in Ontario, Canada provides a model for MS4s and other communities to reduce overall net stormwater pollutant loading to surface waters while accommodating desired growth. This critical balance is often muddled with the notion that stringent stormwater treatment technology specifications alone for new development are sufficient to stem incremental water quality impacts with urban growth.

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Specifying “zero export” from new development while offering the flexible compliance option of offsets provides economic relief and environmental protection often overlooked in urban stormwater policy development. Such opportunities can now be more readily adopted in Michigan, for example, where Michigan Department of Environmental Quality MS4 permits allow for off-site mitigation and payment in lieu programs. The LSPOP was developed in 2014 and is now being implemented in the Lake Simcoe Basin. New and re-development projects must comply with a “zero export” requirement for phosphorus associated with urban stormwater. Effectively, development cannot contribute any additional phosphorus loading to an already over-allocated Lake Simcoe phosphorus budget. Population growth in the Lake Simcoe region has been rapid. It is only expected to increase because of growth caps adopted in the Toronto region south of Lake Simcoe. Requiring stringent stormwater treatment requirements only on new development projected for the basin could increase P loads to Lake Simcoe by about 7% (4.6 MT/yr). To protect lake water quality, new and re-development projects must instead meet the additional LSPOP net-zero export requirement through minimally required on-site controls, or controls with off-site reductions at a 2.5:1 offset ratio. Unique with these offsets is the requirement that off-site reductions must come from stormwater retrofits of existing municipal stormwater infrastructure. Use of this offset mechanism is projected to result in an overall net load reduction of about 10% (or 6.9 MT/yr) of current P loads to Lake Simcoe. The Lake Simcoe Regional Conservation Authority (LSRCA), the responsible agency for stormwater permitting, operates the offset program. The LSRCA covers risk of offset project failure through reduction investments in agriculture and other non-stormwater reduction practices to provide a reserve pool of phosphorus reductions. Developers are showing minimal aversion to the zero-export requirement. They can either accommodate this through site-planning that includes LID and infrastructure practices beyond the minimum required controls, or use controls plus offsets that on average, could increase residentially-constructed lot prices by CN$2,000. The LSPOP includes standardized methods for quantifying the phosphorus reductions associated with offset-generating practices. These reduction estimates can be combined with projected costs to generate a unit cost value. Applying a unit cost metric enables the program administrator to prioritize proposed projects based on maximum phosphorus reductions generated at the least cost. Quantification tools also will allow the program to track projects and demonstrate progress toward achieving phosphorus loading goals as well as LSPOP compliance.

KOHRING, MARGARET, Midwest Regional Director, The Conservation Fund For 37 years, Margaret KohRing she has focused on land conservation, stewardship and restoration projects in the Upper Midwest and Guatemala. Education: M.S., Plant Ecology and B.S., Environmental Studies, Michigan State University.

Greenseams®: Reinforcing Milwaukee’s Gray Infrastructure The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District’s (MMSD) Greenseams Program has acquired and restored over 3,000 acres of hydric soil land in 4 major watersheds. The hydic soils store and drain water into the ground naturally. The Greenseams Program prevents future flooding and water

pollution while supporting MMSD’s structural flood management projects -infrastructure investments worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The Conservation Fund has worked with the MMSD on the program implementation since 2001. Acquired properties are assessed for restoration opportunities. Properties that include prior converted agricultural land are evaluated to determine the potential for wetland, forest and prairie restoration to achieve the best result. Over 100,000 trees and 600 acres of prairie have been planted on the properties. The Greenseams staff coordinates with local government to identify and acquire properties in local open space plans. Over 100 properties have been acquired and are open for the public to enjoy for passive recreation and hunting where allowable. The Greenseams properties are transferred to local government and protected permanently through a conservation easement retained by MMSD. MMSD is a regional government agency that provides water reclamation and flood management services for about 1.1 million people in 28 communities in the Greater Milwaukee Area. MMSD serves 411 square miles that cover all, or segments of, six watershed. The Conservation Fund makes conservation work for America. For the past 30 years, The Conservation Fund has worked with the best partners to find innovative solutions that make economic sense.

KRAEHLING, PAUL, MCIP RPP (Ret.), PhD Rural Studies Candidate, School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph Paul Kraehling is currently studying the use of Green Infrastructure as a planning framework tool to building rural community resiliency. He also teaches and works on various research projects at the University. Kraehling is a retired member of the Ontario Professional Planners Institute/Canadian Institute of Planners, and has worked in the municipal planning field for over 35 years.

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Applying Nature/Natural Systems as GI in the Planning of Resilient Rural Communities This session focuses on utilizing nature and natural systems to create the foundational elements for planning and building healthy rural communities. Rather than viewing nature as a development constraint, this session examines ways in which green infrastructure can become incorporated into new planning frameworks for improving community healthy, resilience, and sustainability. In this session green infrastructure is defined as natural elements (real and artificial) that provide multifunctional benefits to both human and natural communities. The session will present findings from an Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs/University of Guelph-partnered research project that identifies innovative practices in the use of green infrastructure within rural areas. These practices were identified following an extensive survey carried out with rural municipal leaders across the province. The survey asked respondents to identify innovative examples of environmental planning within their community’s design and development.

Various case studies were derived following key informant interviews with rural community leaders from differing regions of Ontario; these officials outlined interesting examples of how green infrastructure elements can be used to further a healthy rural community condition. Cases to be discussed include naturalized parks and open spaces, source water protection, water quality improvements, protection of wetland habitats, sustainable forestry practices, re-greening efforts, natural heritage protection, local food production, soil erosion controls, and active transportation and recreational trail systems. The overall session is intended to portray the sustainability prospects of using green infrastructure for improving the health of both human and natural communities. Opportunities for community employment, education, and social wellness will also be identified.

LAMPE, DAVID, Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey David Lampe attended University of Ilinois (B.S. Geology, 2001) and Indiana University (M.S. Geology, 2004) and has been employed as a hydrologist and project chief in the hydrologic investigations section with the USGS Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center since 2003. Monitoring Stormwater Reduction Strategies in a Permeable Surficial Aquifer System, Gary, Indiana The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Gary, Indiana and the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative) is monitoring components of the water budget to investigate effects of site specific stormwater reduction strategies installed at a newly constructed plaza in downtown Gary just south of City Hall. Plaza construction included removal of impervious cover, repair of a failed subsurface drainage system, and redirection of stormwater from existing parking lot drains to a rain garden structure. The rain garden is designed to permit infiltration of stormwater to the underlying, permeable Calumet aquifer. Hydrologic data were collected before and after the installation of green infrastructure to record the responses of sewer flow, overland flow, soil moisture, and groundwater elevation to precipitation and evapotranspiration. Response of the water budget to runoff and infiltration from stormflows before and after the installation of green infrastructure will be discussed. Future strategies may include the redirection of downspouts from the roof of City Hall to another rain garden, and the inclusion of permeable pavers in a multi-purpose area.

Coordinated USGS / USEPA Green Infrastructure Research at Select Sites in the Midwest See Ralph J. Haefner biography.

LANE, SARAH, Senior Faculty Research Assistant, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science With the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science at the Department of Natural Resources, Lane leads the State’s efforts in identifying new restoration practices for water quality restoration through Maryland’s Innovative Technology Fund. She integrates emerging data into programs that prioritize restoration strategies and highlights how policy, regulation and legislation can enhance the implementation of cost effective best management practices. Prior to working at DNR, she was a project leader for the Mid-Atlantic Water Program working on developing definitions for natural filter, urban stormwater and agricultural best management practices and their associated nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment reduction efficiencies. In 2010, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, National Water Program recognized Lane’s work with a Project of Excellence Award.

Implementing Green Infrastructure to Improve Water Quality and Climate Resiliency in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed + Green Infrastructure for TMDL Credits See Megan Granato biography.

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LaROSA, NICOLE, Senior Pollicy Specialist, FEMA Nicole LaRosa is a Senior Policy Specialist in the Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Grants Policy Branch. The HMA programs provide grants to fund hazard mitigation plans and mitigation projects to reduce risk to life and property from natural hazards. The HMA programs provide both pre- and post-disaster funding for mitigation actions. Nicole has led the effort to research methods to incorporate resilience in HMA projects using green infrastructure and nature-based design. Nicole led the effort to develop drought and flood mitigation project types using green infrastructure methods. Nicole joined FEMA in 2006 as a Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Specialist in the Louisiana Recovery Office. She has been working in the HMA programs in FEMA Headquarters in Washington DC since 2008. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance: Green Infrastructure & Climate Resilient Mitigation Actions Co-presenter: Morgan Holloway, FEMA Region 5 FEMA is encouraging communities to incorporate methods to build community resilience to the impacts changing risk into eligible Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) funded risk reduction activities by providing guidance on Climate Resilient Mitigation Activities (CRMA) and encouraging green infrastructure methods in mitigation actions. Since September 2015, FEMA has announced the eligibility of three CRMA project types: Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Floodplain and Stream Restoration, and Flood Diversion and Storage. In addition, FEMA is encouraging communities to incorporate green infrastructure or nature-based design methods in all mitigation actions when applicable by expanding the number and types of ecosystem service benefits available to use in the project’s benefit cost analysis. This presentation will provide information on HMA as a potential funding source for eligible projects, the three CRMA project types, the use of green infrastructure methods in HMA projects, and incorporating ecosystem service benefits in the cost effectiveness evaluation.

LARSEN, ANGELA, Community Planning Director, Alliance for the Great Lakes Angela Larsen developed and now directs the Alliance’s community resilience program and leads tree (3) teams and eight (8) staff in the execution of strategic plans and project deliverables. Angela collaborates with community leaders to implement policies and practices that enhance and sustain the natural and social resources embedded in Great Lakes communities through climate-informed planning processes and strategic investments. In addition, Angela is an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois-Chicago where she teaches land use law to graduate students. Angela holds a Master’s degree in Urban Planning and Policy from the University of Illinois at Chicago and a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Missouri-Kansas City.

Case Studies: integrating stormwater management, open space protection and public access Using three (3) Great Lakes community case studies, the presentation will highlight the real world successes and challenges of implementing integrated stormwater management strategies through a collaborative community planning. The integrated stormwater management strategies being implemented by community partners are designed to help meet Clean Water Act mandates in the face of ever increasing extreme storm events, while at the same time help address the needs of community members through connecting and protecting open spaces, critical habitats, neighborhood parks and gardens, and greenways and blueways.

The presentation will draw on examples from each case study to illustrate: 1) participatory planning processes communities use to identify their important natural assets and establish shared goals; 2) technical planning and policy tools communities use to prioritize geographic areas for implementation and update land use ordinances; 3) model projects identified by community stakeholders, including site selection, design/engineering, funding, contracts, and management; and 4) education and engagement of civic leaders, municipal staff, elected officials and community members, whose support is critical to long-term success and ongoing implementation of the plans, policies and projects.

Finally, the presentation will end with a case study on the use of social network research as an evaluation tool. The social research is managed by researchers at Michigan State University through the Great Lakes Integrated Science and Assessment center. This case study will briefly touch on the research methodology, including the survey that was used to map social network of stakeholders, meaning which stakeholders were already working with each other. The majority of the case study will focus on how this research has been used to inform facilitation strategies, and the results of a recently completed longitudinal survey that is being used to evaluate whether the facilitation strategy is resulting in behavior changes, namely the increased implementation of integrated stormwater management solutions.

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LEAPHART-GOUCH, ERMA, Conservation Organizer, Sierra Club Michigan Chapter Erma Leaphart-Gouch is currently a conservation organizer for the Sierra Club Michigan Chapter’s Great Lakes Program where she is heavily involved in promoting green infrastructure techniques such as rain gardens, green roofs, rain barrels, permeable pavement, bio-swales etc. as alternatives to grey infrastructure for storm water management. She has spoken at conferences and given presentations throughout the city to educate on the importance of protecting the fresh water resources that make up the Great Lakes Basin. Erma has a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Communication from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH. She received a Master’s

degree in Public Administration from the University of Missouri-Kansas City where she concentrated her studies on environmental health issues.

Rain Gardens to the Rescue: Uniting Urban Agriculture and Water Conservation Movements See Ashley Atkinson biography.

LeFORCE, KRISTEN, Voluntary Programs Coordinator, DTE Energy Kristen LeForce is a leader and educator for DTE Energy in Detroit, Michigan, where she is currently the Voluntary Programs Coordinator. Her central goal is creating and sustaining voluntary wildlife habitat and conservation programs throughout Michigan, as well as coordinating the company’s pollution prevention and “Green Team” volunteerism efforts. As a member of the corporate “Sustainability Team,” Kristen is focused on initiating green infrastructure, wildlife habitat, and other sustainability techniques into projects through the planning and design phases. She is focused on creating successful, sustainable projects, educating both employees and the

public on environmental topics, and working to preserve the unique, natural resources of Southeast Michigan.

An Energy Utility Incorporates GI and Wildlife Habitat Into Its Culture See Martha Gruelle biography.

LEWANDOWSKI, TONYA, Senior Engineer, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT) Tonya Lewandowski is a Senior Engineer with more than twelve years in construction and consulting engineering experience out of ECT’s Traverse City office. Lewandowski graduated from Michigan Technological University in 1999 with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, minor in Environmental Engineering. She is passionate about her work in natural resources, where her expertise is low impact development (LID) stormwater management, site layout, development, and design. Her engineering background is strong in design, specification preparation, and construction oversight capabilities, but project management and client interaction remain her favorite tasks.

Other areas of expertise include: Stormwater Management, LID Stormwater Management, Construction Engineering, Construction Document Preparation, Construction Oversight, Retaining Wall Design, Site Layout, Site Development and Design, Water Main and Sewer Engineering, Wastewater Treatment Plant Design Engineering, Permit Application Preparation.

Elements of a Successful Project – Beyond Technical Expertise The success of a project is dependent on many factors, many of which are frequently over looked about in our technically focused world. While a project must have a solid technical basis, the journey it takes from concept to implementation must include a broad spectrum of key elements. For green infrastructure (GI) projects, in particular, it is important to identify these key elements early to ensure a clear path to the finish line. This presentation will identify and discuss many of the key elements that contribute to the success of a project. Understanding and managing expectations throughout the project will be discussed. In the early stages of a project, it is important to understand the project stakeholders’ expectations and project goals; vision for the future function, use, aesthetics, educational opportunities; political goals. Together with understanding expectations, it is important to engage the project partners to also determine their comprehension of green infrastructure. Education and outreach opportunities and relationship building is key to broaden this knowledge, if needed. Frequent communication throughout the process will guide expectations, manage them, and assure that they are being met. This presentation will highlight work complete at multiple parks within the City of Southfield; same client with very different project goals and needs for each. Many times expected costs will determine whether or not the project will be supported, regardless of the other benefits. It is important to understand the value that the project partners put on a project, and how to accommodate those expectations. A green infrastructure project can often be packaged in different ways to aid in obtaining funding from

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various sources. Grant funding for GI can allow a user to implement a storm water project that would otherwise be too or result in a project with additional benefits beyond just storm water management. We will share a project example in the City of Marysville where proposed design elements were broken up into various phases to fit in certain grant opportunities. Implementation phasing of key elements allowed project funds to be used as match for another grant source on future phases.

With GI projects, many project partners may see installation as the final step, forgetting about post-construction. All stormwater facilities require maintenance; a budget and detailed maintenance plan must be a priority. This alone, can determine the success of a project. GI installations are no exception and typically require special maintenance considerations in their first few years to ensure the success long-term. Maintenance for green infrastructure can look very different when compared to traditional stormwater facilities. In this presentation, several project examples throughout Michigan (from Detroit to the Upper Peninsula) will be provided that compare implementations where maintenance was, and was not, followed through on. All of these considerations will be brought to life through real world project examples to help the audience think a little differently when considering project planning in the future.

Demonstration of an Innovative Stormwater Management Technique to Reduce Runoff Located within the City of Detroit, Belle Isle is billed approximately $1.55 million dollars in stormwater fees annually. This 985-acre island was recently been leased to The State of Michigan for thirty years and is managed by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Due to the excessive drainage fees incurred by Detroit Water and Sewerage District (DWSD), all parties have been looking for opportunities to reduce Belle Isle’s charges. In anticipation of the financial burden to property owners, DWSD is implementing an incentive program for reducing runoff into the system through use of approved best management practices (BMPs). This presentation will walk the audience through a demonstration project intended to vastly reduce the expense of managing Belle Isle’s stormwater runoff being treated by DWSD. Funding for this pilot study was made possible through a grant from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC), and explored use of an innovative water management technology to achieve project goals. The chosen stormwater mitigation technology was provided by Parjana ® Distribution, LLC (PD) and is known as Energy-Passive Groundwater Recharge Product (EGRP®). The fundamental premise of this project was that the installation of EGRP®s would reduce the amount of water delivered to the storm sewer system, helping to relieve drainage fees to the City and infrastructure capacity concerns at DWSD. From all points of view, it is advantageous to reduce and/or eliminate as much stormwater as possible from entering the aging combined sewer collection system to be processed at DWSD. Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT) led the demonstration project on behalf of PD for the EGRP® system installation and monitoring. The project utilized both a test site, with EGRP® installed, and a control site, with undisturbed land, for measurable results comparison. Testing parameters, both pre- and post- implementation, included: flow monitoring, groundwater quality sampling, and groundwater elevation tracking. Approximately one year after installing the EGRP® system on the test site, ECTs data collection and analysis determined:

• The total runoff measured in storm sewers exiting the site was reduced by 80%; • Smaller storms no longer contributed to stormwater runoff from the area where the EGRP®’s were installed; • ECT observed there was no longer standing water in the areas of EGRP® installation; • There was no measurable negative impact on the groundwater quality; • The groundwater elevation was not negatively impacted by the EGRP® installation.

The financial benefit of an 80% stormwater runoff reduction can have a huge impact in areas like Detroit where drainage fees are being assessed. The Belle Isle project is a creative look at ways to reduce drainage fees through reduced runoff, utilizing a minimally invasive technology. The chosen technology is also ideal for highly urbanized areas where traditional green infrastructure techniques are not always possible due to lack of available open space. As urbanization of our landscape continues, and large rain events becoming increasingly more frequent, there is a great need to start thinking about what we can do to reduce stormwater fees incurred through use of BMPs and innovative technologies.

LI, JAMES, Professor, Ryerson University, Canada Prof. James Li is an environmental engineering professor at Ryerson University in Canada, Lecture Professor of Nankai University’s College of Environmental Science and Engineering in China, a licensed professional engineer in Ontario Canada, and the Diplomate of American Water Resource Engineers Academy in USA. His current research focuses on urban stormwater management, eco-hydrology and eco-hydraulics, water pollution control planning, environmental benefits of green roofs, municipal spill management, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique for dioxin in environmental matrices.

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China's Sponge Cities Program: Market Opportunities and Lessons Learned See Kari Mackenbach biography.

LIGON, KHALIL, B.A., M.U.P., Southeast Michigan Outreach Coordinator, Alliance for the Great Lakes Khalil Ligon is an urban planner, environmental advocate and native Detroiter. Her professional work centers around a commitment to advancing communities through planning, engagement, advocacy and action. Through her work with the Alliance, she is involved in multiple sustainability efforts in Detroit and continues to lead projects that promote and support a green culture in the city. A graduate of Detroit Public Schools, Ligon holds a bachelor's degree from Kalamazoo College and Master's degree in Urban Planning from Wayne State University. Ms. Ligon is active throughout the community and involved with numerous organizations, boards and coalitions, including the Detroit

Eastside Community Collaborative (DECC), the U.S. Green Building Council, Michigan Association of Planning, Detroit Greenways Coalition, eco-D, Detroit Climate Action Collaborative and Detroit Environmental Agenda. She co-chairs the Master Plan Sustainability & Resiliency and Blue-Green Infrastructure subcommittees of the Detroit City Council Green Task Force. Ligon resides in the city’s Airport District, enjoys traveling, attending concerts and is a film and football enthusiast. Connect with her on Twitter @KhalilTea or LinkedIn.

Lessons from NEW-GI: What Works on the Ground to Achieve Integrated Stormwater Management in Detroit Neighborhoods with Vacant Property See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

LILAUWALA, ROHAN, Green Roofs for Healthy Cities With a background in Urban Planning and Landscape Design, Rohan Lilauwal is passionate about finding solutions to contemporary urban problems, especially through the reconciliation of the built and natural environments. He is currently focused on a number of initiatives being undertaken by Green Roofs for Healthy Cities and the Green Infrastructure Foundation that focus on green infrastructure costs and benefits, performance, and visualization.

Making the Case: The Monetized Public and Private Benefits of Green Roofs Green infrastructure has many advantages over grey infrastructure, the most apparent being the co-benefits that are created when we use living systems to manage stormwater. There are many green infrastructure technologies that manage stormwater in a reasonably cost-effective manner, including bioswales, rain gardens, and engineered wetlands. However, no green infrastructure technology provides as many co-benefits as green roofs. By interfacing directly with buildings, green roofs provide a multitude of public and private benefits that are unique to the technology, helping to significantly offset the higher initial costs associated with them and justifying public incentives and policy support. We conducted a rigorous literature review and attempted to monetize some of these benefits, including stormwater management, reduced energy use, improved biodiversity, reductions in the urban heat island effect, and increased roof lifespan. Because of the increased cost of installing a green roof, compared to a conventional roof and/or ground level stormwater management techniques, green roofs are sometimes a hard sell and/or value engineered out of projects. This presentation provides the information needed for private sector stakeholders to make a business case for including green roofs in their projects, and for public sector officials to justify putting green roof incentives and policy in place. This presentation is backed up by peer-reviewed research and economic analysis from projects conducted for Wal-Mart, the US General Services Administration, and the City of San Francisco.

LUCAS, WILLIAM C., PhD., Integrated Land Management Dr. William C Lucas has provided innovative stormwater management designs for both new construction and urban retrofits for over 25 years. He wrote Delaware’s Green Technology Manual, and is co-chair of the LID Computations and the CSO-LID Task Committees of the ASCE/EWRI referenced above. His rigorous approach to modeling was used to confirm the SWMM model developed for Philadelphia Green Infrastructure.

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Advanced Bioretention Systems: Results from Four Years of Field Studies The advanced bioretention system (ABS) was developed to improve removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from runoff and wastewater. It comprises a media formulated to retain P using water treatment residuals (WTRs), coir peat as the organic matter (OM) to improve available water capacity, blended with a sand matrix. An innovative dual outlet detains runoff from frequent events for improved N retention, while eliminating bypass flow. Using compost instead of peat for OM, the first ABS systems in Puyallup WA exported much more P than the influent, confirming the adverse effects of compost. Only after 4 years has P export declined. A first generation 3,800 sq.ft. ABS facility treating 20 acres of agricultural and urban runoff was established in Newark DE in the fall of 2012. This ABS was installed side by side with a system using DE media, comprising equal parts sand, mulch and peat moss. Both systems have dual outlets. After 3 years of observations, TN retention ranged from export at low inflow concentrations to 72% retention at high concentrations. Nitrate retention was over 50%. Average TN retention was 40%, with very little difference between the two treatments, even though the media are very different. Recent column studies by Sacramento State using the ABS outlet configuration reported TN removal of 75%, with 86% nitrate retention.

Initially, both DE treatments were very effective for TP removal (87- 90%). Ortho-P removal in the ABS was consistently at or above 90%. However, within 18 months, the DNREC ABS then failed, retaining very little P, and even exporting P in one event. P removal in the WTR treatment remained at or above 85%. Column studies by the City of Tacoma on second generation media formulation showed such high P retention that none was detectable except in one observation. Results just obtained from the first years of monitoring another 900 sq. ft. ABS system in Lakewood NJ showed that TP was discharged at or below the detection limit of 10 µg/L. This consistently low TP discharge is unprecedented in field scale systems. Several large scale deployments of the ABS will be presented. A 12,000 sq. ft. facility is to be used to treat runoff from a 20-acre traditional neighborhood development for a 2-acre water feature. In Hanzhong China, the design and installation of some 8 miles of ABS swales treating several 6 lane boulevards, will be presented, as well as the design and installation of outlet systems treating many more miles of roadway.

Finally, massive deployment of ABS system variants is underway in Zhenjiang China, where some 20 ha of different ABS systems will be used to treat runoff from 22 sq.km. of dense urban development. In this particular case, grey infrastructure is used to provide storage of polluted runoff, which is then pumped through state of the science clarifier pretreatment systems and then polished by the ABS systems. This permit captures ratios from 200 to 800:1. Substantially higher than typical LID, this is essential given the scarcity of land in China.

LYNN, CHRISTIAN, Landscape Architect, AECOM Christian Lynn’s work focuses primarily on ecological restoration and green infrastructure related projects. Previously he served as a park planner and capital improvements project manager for the Geauga Park District. Lynn holds a Master’s degree in Landscape Architecture from Cornell University and is a licensed landscape architect in Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania.

Fleet Avenue Green Infrastructure: Co-Benefits of Utilizing Vacant Land for CSO Reduction As part of the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District’s (Sewer District) Green Infrastructure (GI)

program, the District is required to capture wet weather flows to reduce the volume of Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) in a typical year in response to their USEPA Consent Decree requirements. The Fleet Avenue project is the first GI project to be installed within the Sewer District’s combined sewer area to meet the requirements of the consent decree. The City of Cleveland and the Sewer District jointly sponsored major improvements along Fleet Avenue from Independence Avenue (I-77) to Broadway Avenue in the historic Slavic Village neighborhood of Cleveland. The City of Cleveland developed the project with the goal of replacing aging infrastructure and constructing Cleveland’s first complete and green street. In conjunction, the Sewer District constructed an innovative GI System to manage 19.4 acres of stormwater runoff in response to their USEPA Consent Decree. The goal of the overall project was to create a “Complete and Green” street, which would transform the corridor, generate economic development, while incorporating an innovative Green Infrastructure system that would support a sizeable and measureable reduction in annual CSO. The GI project area is located along Fleet Avenue, a historic urban corridor within the City of Cleveland. The initial GI design concept along the Fleet Avenue corridor proposed to install a series of linear bioretention areas within curb “bump-outs” to capture and infiltrate wet weather flows. The design challenges encountered in this scenario were:

• Constructing a new GI measure within dense urban environment with limited ROW • The number and elevation of existing utilities within the right-of-way • The typical roadway section limited the flexibility of the GI measure • Increased GI maintenance costs due to physical separation

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In response to these project challenges, the design of the GI control measure evolved throughout the project from multiple small-scale bioretention areas within the right-of-way to a separate storm sewer collection system with a central GI control measure located outside the right-of-way, utilizing vacant city lots abutting the corridor. The final GI control measure includes 1/3 acre infiltration basin and 1500’ of separate storm sewer pipe network along Fleet Avenue, collecting a 19.4-acre drainage area. The separated storm sewer network will collect runoff predominantly from the right-of-way. The infiltration basin will combine an extensive engineered subsurface pipe system (to increase storage and provide infiltration) with a vegetated park like surface to provide aesthetic, open-space, and water quality benefits for the surrounding community. The GI System will provide an approximate annual CSO reduction of 0.8 million gallons (MG) and capture 4.7 MG of annual stormwater runoff at an estimated construction cost of $1.80 million. Construction is anticipated to be complete in October of 2016. The Sewer District plans to monitor the performance of the GI control measure with level sensors, flow monitors, and rain gages. The goal of the monitoring is to determine the actual functionality of the GI control measure.

MacDONAGH, PETER, Director of Design + Science, Kestrel Design Group, Inc. Peter specializes in state-of-the-art ecological restoration, urban forestry, stormwater planning and green roof technologies. He has over 30 years of experience providing ecological and sustainable site design for stormwater management, lake and river restoration, natural areas management plans, botanical inventories, urban forests, green roof installations and mining reclamation. Peter is a Registered Landscape Architect in 7 states and 1 Canadian Province and was inducted as a Fellow of the ASLA in 2013. He serves as Adjunct Faculty at the University of Minnesota’s College of Design and continues to build his professional credentials and carry the message of alternative future scenarios by speaking across the world about green technologies in the landscape.

The State of the Science Using Urban Trees for Stormwater Management Stormwater professionals have been studying stormwater control measures for decades, and foresters have been studying and growing urban trees for centuries. But the practice of combining the two to use trees as a Stormwater Control Measure is in its infancy. MacDonagh is a forerunner in the use of trees for stormwater management and will present his ground breaking work in policy development, research quantifying tree stormwater benefits, and techniques for maximizing tree stormwater benefits. New policy developments here presented will include, for example, the new chapter he developed on using urban trees for stormwater in Minnesota’s stormwater manual, as well as the calculator he spearheaded to quantify tree stormwater benefits, including soil storage, interception, evapotranspiration, and water quality benefits. To MacDonagh’s knowledge, Minnesota is one of the first states, if not the first, to add a chapter on trees into its stormwater manual, as well as add the stormwater benefits of tree/soil systems (including evapotranspiration, interception, soil storage, and water quality) to its stormwater crediting calculator. New research developments will include, for example, recent results showing water quality benefits for urban tree/soil systems equal to and surpassing that of many traditional bioretention systems. As research is rapidly discovering ways to enhance performance of bioretention and urban tree/soil systems, this presentation will also highlight some of the most promising new developments, such as, for example, use of various soil amendments to enhance water quality performance, as well as design strategies to maximize stormwater volume and water quality benefits. An overview of case studies will show examples of how to integrate urban tree/soil stormwater control measures into landscapes of a range of different scales, and also show some of the other benefits trees provide in addition to stormwater benefits.

MACKENBACH, KARI, Director of Sustainability, ms consultants Kari Mackenbach is the Director of Sustainability for ms consultants. She has more than 20 years of experience in many facets of sustainability. In particular, her expertise in green infrastructure applications and more recently integrated planning are well-known. Before joining ms, Mackenbach was involved with several large scale integrated planning efforts and programs across the U.S. One of Mackenbach’s differentiating qualities is that she is able to leverage lessons learned from other programs across the country—whether regarding GI design innovations or new O&M strategies—and work to incorporate these lessons learned into the ms team’s approach. Mackenbach’s background

as a Board Certified Environmental Scientist (BCES), Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM), Envision Sustainability Professional (ENV SP) and as an American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (ARCSA) accredited professional provides her with unique capabilities to work with communities and other professionals on multiple levels as it relates to sustainability and more specifically integrated planning efforts.

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Green Infrastructure (GI) Ground-Truthing and Monitoring Results, Case Studies In many cities, green Infrastructure practices are far enough along in technology advancements and application that they are no longer considered pilot programs and warrant as much consideration as other (gray infrastructure) alternatives that have been evaluated for use in solving potential wet weather issues. Whether green infrastructure is being considered to help address CSO, SSO, MS4 or to provide other ancillary benefits, many green infrastructure practices have become accepted in the engineering community. However, evaluation of green infrastructure performance has not caught up to the implementation strategy of these practices. During this presentation we will take a pragmatic approach to demonstrating real green infrastructure application performance and monitoring results. The focus of this presentation will be on demonstrating how certain green infrastructure practices have worked in real world environments.

• Choosing the right type of green infrastructure for a specified location. Not all green infrastructure works in every location. The local environment will dictate which type of green infrastructure practice that will perform the best.

• Operation and maintenance strategies should be considered at the beginning. Optimize your effort by thinking of how the O&M will be performed and by whom.

• Quantification Strategies for green infrastructure. How have other cities proven that their green infrastructure investment made sense? Demonstrating this performance both on an individual green infrastructure practice scale as well as overall sewershed/watershed is critical for demonstrating success with green infrastructure solutions.

• Common Failures and Hurdles to Green Infrastructure Implementation. The goals and objectives of any green infrastructure program along with consideration of other limiting factors should be the main drivers for the program. Just because a green infrastructure practice works well in one place does not mean it will work well in your environment.

China's Sponge Cities Program: Market Opportunities and Lessons Learned Co-Presenters: Anil Tangirala, ms consultants; James Li, Ryerson University, William Lucas, Integrated Land Management; John Robinson, Mandarin Environment Chinese cities are suffering from catastrophic floods, as well as nuisance floods that disrupt their daily lives. In addition the water quality in some areas is very poor. A quick Google search can lead to striking images of floating cars on the streets in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai but this is not just a big city problem. Experts say that climate change has played a role in the increase of urban flooding, producing more rainfall during shorter periods. Besides that, rapid urbanization has outpaced stormwater removal. Although China has an extensive drainage network, it still can’t catch up with the fast expansion of Chinese cities. The need to confront urban flooding and poor water quality has created a huge headache for Chinese city planners, but it has also created the opportunity to introduce a new urban design. Known as “sponge cities,” the new design aims to build up infrastructure to collect excess rainfall and integrate flood control in urban planning. In the United States this movement is more aligned with the terminology green infrastructure implementation. As a result, cities will not only be able to deal with too much water, but also potentially reuse rainwater to ease their thirst when there is not enough.

The concept of “sponge cities” became so popular in China that it caught the eye of the Chinese President, Xi Jinping. In 2013, President Xi called for strengthening the development of “sponge cities” in a speech he gave to urban planners. There were initially 16 pilot sponge cities now several more cities have been designated. The Chinese central government has pledged to provide billions of dollars in funding assistance over the next several years, in an effort to help these progressive cities morph into “urban sponges.” In addition to the selected pilot cities, other cities in China have also carried out their own efforts and the momentum is building. While the buildup of “sponge cities” does not mean the end of constructing gray infrastructure. These alternative solutions can help gray infrastructure perform better and more efficiently. Experts also hope that these techniques reduce the demand on costly drainage systems. According to leadership, China needs “sponge cities” badly, but scaling up remains a challenge. For one, although the Country last year issued a technical guidance document, this is far from enough support and guidance for Chinese urban planners to implement these initiatives within the sponge cities. In addition, the buildup of “sponge cities” requires cooperation among engineers, landscape designers, road builders, drainage solution providers and many others. However, it is difficult to get different authorities to agree on the same approach. This presentation will provide an overview of China’s Sponge City initiative. The presentation will also emphasize the role of engineer’s in the planning phase of the project for successful implementation of Green Infrastructure practices that are sustainable. The presentation will also discuss the applicability of different types of Green Infrastructure in various sponge cities.

Green Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Successes and Experiences As communities become more aware of the many benefits of green infrastructure, they are seeking out more information on how to implement cost effective, sustainable programs. Many communities have adopted performance standards or incentives promoting green infrastructure and many more have built demonstration projects. Barriers to

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green infrastructure can arise throughout the development process - from the design of green infrastructure systems to their permitting and installation - but these hurdles are being broken down. Being able to pick the right green infrastructure practice type (bio infiltration, pervious applications, tree boxes etc.) is one of the first steps to a good, sustainable project. We will focus on operation and maintenance successes for this presentation as part of an overall strategy to effectively influence the selection of the type of green infrastructure practice for specific situations. Examples will be presented of the most successful “drivers” that most successful and sustainable Green Infrastructure Programs have in common.

• Choosing the right type of green infrastructure for your specified location. Not all green infrastructure works in every location. The local environment will dictate which type of green infrastructure practice will perform the best.

• Operation and maintenance strategies should be considered at the beginning. Optimize your effort by thinking of how the O&M will be performed and by whom.

• Ancillary Benefits are important. Many cities have specific goals or targets that they are trying to reach with green infrastructure other communities look at the ancillary benefits provided by green infrastructure. Understanding these potential benefits provided by green infrastructure can help a community sell the concept to the overall community.

• Common Hurdles to Green Infrastructure Implementation.

The goals and objectives of your green infrastructure program along with consideration of other limiting factors should be the main drivers for your program. Just because a green infrastructure practice works well in one place does not mean it will work well in your environment.

MARCZEWSKI, BREITNER, Energy Engineer, General Motors Breitner Marcewski is the energy engineer for the Energy, Water and Carbon Optimization team at General Motors. He holds a dual bachelor’s degree, Energy Engineering and Science & Technology from Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Marczewski also holds a CMVP (Certified Measure and Verification Professional) certification from the Association of Energy Engineers.

Storm water recycle project at GM Detroit Hamtramck Assembly plant As a responsible corporate citizen, General Motors (GM) is dedicated to protecting human health,

natural resources and the global environment while designing, building, and selling the world’s best vehicles. This dedication reaches further than compliance with the law to encompass the integration of sound environmental practices into our business decisions. Our facility energy, carbon, and water program is integrated into our overall business operations model to ensure sustained efficiency to meet our reduction goals. From the manufacturing perspective, GM has set up a public goal to reduce its water intensity (gallons per vehicle) by 20% from 2010 year baseline. Therefore, the company is constantly investing in sustainability initiatives such as the storm water recycle and evaporative credits project at Detroit Hamtramck Assembly Plant (DHAM). This site is a customer of the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA - formerly Detroit Water and Sewerage Department) and is billed monthly for water supplied, sewer discharged and a storm water runoff fee. Currently, DHAM pays one charge for water and sewer. This means that every gallon of water supplied to the plant, the site pays for a gallon discharged through the sewer even though 15 – 20 % of the water is evaporated in processes. No metering existed on the discharge flume and the storm water runoff service fee was calculated at a tiered rate based on acreage, and for DHAM’s 365 acres, it accounted for over $ 2,000,000 per year. Using this annual cost to develop the business case, the rain profile was estimated and it showed that the site receives an average of 220 million gallons of water every year. An additional storm water pond was constructed to increase storage capacity to handle a 100-year storm and allow for sufficient storage so that the maximum amount of water could be reused in our manufacturing processes, such as make-up water for cooling towers or, after passing through a reverse osmosis system to improve its quality, could also be used as make-up water for boilers and paint processes. The expected outcome for this project is to eliminate most storm water operational discharge fees and reduce the water usage per vehicle by 20%. By accomplishing all these goals, the storm water recycle project will relieve the load in GLWA’s sewage system and save enough water for more than 2,200 families located in the Detroit area, helping GM to achieve its public goal to improve communities in which we operate.

MATNEY, BARBARA, President, Warrendale Community Organization

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

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MATTIES, REYNA, McMaster University Reyna Matties is a second year master's student in Biology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. She is interested in ecology in the context of urban sustainability; how urban spaces can remain connected to nature and benefit adjacent ecosystems, including humans. Matties’ research happens at a newly constructed riparian buffer along along Ancaster creek next to parking Lot M on McMaster's west campus. She is measuring the performance of plants on the buffer and investigating green infrastructure retrofits for the parking lot to improve sustainability. Matties is engaging the community in outreach through hikes and social media. Living in several different cities has fostered her advocacy and interest in urban sustainability.

Riparian Native Plant Diversity and Performance following Restoration from a Paved Parking Lot Hamilton, Ontario, located between the Niagara Escarpment and Lake Ontario, boasts some of the greatest plant biodiversity in Canada at the northern extent of the Carolinian Forest. However, most of Hamilton's stormwater infrastructure is old and the combined sewers can overflow into Lake Ontario, degrading ecosystems. The city is a prime candidate for green infrastructure to retrofit the existing grey infrastructure. Green infrastructure builds with nature, utilizing plants and soil to slow down stormwater, and instead of moving into pipes, infiltrating into soil and plants to improve and nourish ecosystems.

Parking Lot M is situated on McMaster University's west campus. Once a floodplain and nature sanctuary, the area was converted into a parking lot in 1968. The parking lot sits in an ecologically sensitive wildlife corridor connecting the Niagara Escarpment to Lake Ontario. A narrow riparian buffer was left for a section of Ancaster Creek that borders the parking lot. Stormwater, warmed and contaminated with de-icing salt, heavy metals, and asphalt, was directed into storm drains moving into the creek. Habitat was degraded and lost. Lot M's old grey infrastructure provided a case study for green infrastructure retrofits. Ancaster Creek's riparian buffer was expanded in 2014 with a 20 x 500 m section of land taken out of the parking lot. The buffer was created with drop curbs, rip-rap, and curb swales. Native vegetation was planted.

Two years after the buffer was created and planted, we are quantifying the performance of plants on the buffer in response to roadside stressors. Salinity is predicted to vary over the buffer as the result of more heavy application of road salt in some areas and differing curb designs. Plants were collected from 0.25 m2 quadrats at 42 sampling locations along the width and length of the buffer. Plants will be identified to species and weighed for biomass. Soil samples collected at each sampling location will be analyzed for salinity. It is predicted that stormwater movement and salt levels will be the greatest predictors of plant performance. In other words, the highest native plant diversity and biomass is predicted to be located where salt levels are low. Results will be available for the presentation. Data from this study will be instructive for future restoration work and retrofits for the buffer and parking lot. The study will contribute to the field of roadside restoration ecology. Insight into salt application and snow movement practices can be obtained.

Plant success on the buffer is instrumental in restoring and conserving the riparian habitat of Ancaster Creek. The buffer also provides an accessible location for experiential learning and research opportunities for students and the community. We have begun outreach to engage the community, through hikes, signage, work days, and social media. The riparian buffer restoration is just the beginning of improving sustainability at McMaster's west campus.

MAY, CHRISTOPHER W., DR., Senior Program Director, Kitsap County Public Works (KCPW) Christopher May is a freshwater ecologist and environmental engineer with expertise in stream ecology and stormwater management. His areas of interest include green stormwater solutions (GSS) or low impact development (LID) and urban watershed restoration, including stream-floodplain restoration. Currently, he is the Senior Program Director of the KCPW’s Stormwater Division and the Clean Water Kitsap (CWK) Program. Prior to joining KCPW, Dr. May was the leader of the urban watersheds group at Seattle Public Utilities (SPU). Prior to that, May was a senior research scientist and engineer at the Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL) and a research

engineer at the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory (UW-APL). His research focused on the cumulative impacts of urbanization on native salmonids in small streams in the Puget Sound lowland eco-region. May is an adjunct faculty member of Western Washington University, Huxley School of Environmental Studies and the University of Washington, Environmental Science and Engineering Programs.

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Manchester Stormwater Park Problem Statement: A combination of aging/failing stormwater infrastructure, chronic local flooding, and the discharge of untreated runoff from 100 acres of mixed development onto a popular beach in the shoreline community of Manchester was the impetus for this project. Recreational beach closures and community activism provided urgency for finding a solution to a problem that impacts many areas of the Puget Sound region. Approach: Kitsap County Public Works (KCPW) is committed to utilizing Green Stormwater Solutions (GSS) whenever possible. In Manchester an innovative GSS approach was selected over more traditional treatment methods. In addition, requests for a community gathering space led to a multifunctional “stormwater park” facility being adopted. Treatment cells located around the perimeter of the park are the workhorse of treatment system. These cells contain an engineered filter media and plants that treat the runoff using filtration and absorption processes. A unique design feature of the park is a spiral rain garden that treats groundwater and small storm events using bioretention. Because the rain garden intercepts these low flows, the life of the more expensive media in the treatment cells will be extended and maintenance reduced. Results: The Manchester Stormwater Park is a multi-functional facility that filters stormwater to current WQ standards while providing open space for community gatherings and events. The facility uses innovative, new techniques to improve WQ, mitigate flooding, and improve the built environment.

Conclusions: There are numerous small developed areas throughout the Puget Sound that could benefit from this approach to stormwater treatment. Typically, these older communities were built prior to the requirement for stormwater management and therefore, most have little or no water quality treatment and are not well suited for conventional treatment methods or infiltration-based techniques. In these situations, our innovative “end-of-pipe” GSS treatment system may be more appropriate and cost-effective.

LID Stormwater Retrofits for Puget Sound– Planning, Design, Construction, & Lessons Learned Much of the older stormwater infrastructure in Kitsap County, Washington does not adequately remove pollutants or control storm flows, significantly impacting local waterways and water quality in Puget Sound. In 2010, Kitsap County began the process of identifying and prioritizing locations in communities to retrofit the stormwater system with new systems that use infiltration, filtration and flow control to improve runoff. The goal of the retrofit program is to provide water quality treatment and reduce stormwater flow rates to Puget Sound and its tributary creeks, utilizing Low Impact Development (LID), Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), and conventional facilities in the public rights-of-way (ROW). Some of these new systems use green stormwater solutions such as bioretention (rain gardens), permeable pavement, deep infiltration, sand filters and tree filter boxes. Conveyance improvements are also included to help improve historical drainage issues and increase drainage areas tributary to the LID retrofit BMPs where appropriate. Planning projects have been completed for several communities, including Silverdale, Kingston, and the rural residential communities of Suquamish, Indianola, and Keyport. These plans have cumulatively identified numerous feasible LID retrofit sites based on field evaluation of soil and groundwater conditions, seepage and drainage patterns, steep slope hazards, available space in the ROW, neighborhood context, and other factors. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to further analyze project site feasibility based on factors such as tributary drainage areas, effective impervious areas, steep slopes, existing stormwater facilities, and historical drainage complaints. Community members are encouraged to review the plans and provide feedback, which is incorporated into the final plans and retrofit designs. High priority projects are advanced to design and construction using Capital Facilities budgets, as well as grant funding provided by the Washington State Department of Ecology. To date, a total of 8 projects have been funded for design and 6 have been funded for construction. These projects manage stormwater runoff from over 100 acres of contributing drainage area, including 50 acres of impervious surfaces. Expected pollutant load reductions to Puget Sound as a result of implementing these projects will be significant. Where feasible, retrofits are being coordinated with other major capital improvements, such as roadway and sidewalk, park, and utility improvement projects. This inter-agency coordination greatly improves stormwater retrofit cost-effectiveness and reduces impacts to the community associated with construction. This presentation will review successful methods for basin- and community-scale stormwater retrofit planning, project identification and prioritization, and funding top priority projects through construction. Specific lessons learned by Kitsap County through their on-going program implementation, including will be shared.

McKISSEN, BRIAN, PE, CFM, Senior Civil Engineer Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber Brian McKissen, PE, CFM is a licensed professional engineer and Certified Floodplain Manager with Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. (FTCH) with over 17 years of experience in stormwater and floodplain management. His expertise includes hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, drainage studies, and engineering design incorporating Green Infrastructure for rural and urban projects throughout the state of Michigan.

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Case Study: Forrest-Manor Green Infrastructure Project on Lake Huron Co-presenter: Mike Quaine, BMJ Engineers & Surveyors, Inc. The Forrest and Lake Huron Manor Subdivisions are two former cottage communities turned permanent single family residences in Fort Gratiot Township, Michigan. These communities are located along the shore of Lake Huron and have matured into relatively densely populated neighborhoods with approximately 50% impervious surfaces. The Forrest-Manor Drain is an old clay tile system that serves these subdivisions and several larger acreage parcels before discharging into the Galbraith Drain, an open channel that outlets to Lake Huron along a section of sandy beach. As these communities grew, the stormwater infrastructure did not. As a result, flooding of properties and homes was frequent due to poor conveyance of drainage, undersized drain pipe, and high groundwater. Prompted by two large back-to-back storms resulting in record flooding and erosion, a petition for drainage improvements was presented to St. Clair County Drain Commissioner, Robert Wiley. A project was determined necessary through the Michigan Drain Code process, which meant improvements would move forward regardless of the design. However, the Drain Commissioner took this opportunity to reconstruct the drainage system to demonstrate how the use of Green Infrastructure can protect the integrity of open channels, improve the quality of the stormwater discharged to the surface waters of the state and Lake Huron, and greatly improve the cost-benefit ratio of the project. The Green Infrastructure solution included removing the existing tile and constructing new sections of infiltration/interceptor trenches beneath the streets, which were designed with pervious pavers and green edges. Two subsurface stone infiltration beds were constructed landward of the existing beach and seawalls to filter/infiltrate stormwater received from the new drainage system. An overflow was provided to Lake Huron for large storms. The Forrest-Manor Green Infrastructure System allows stormwater to infiltrate into the surrounding soil, but also serves to dewater the area during periods of high groundwater. Each subdivision has a private park and beach that were utilized for construction of two subsurface infiltration beds to purify storm water and prevent erosion of the beach by an ongoing discharge of collected groundwater. The Green Infrastructure improvements have made an immediate impact. The Galbraith Drain has benefitted by eliminating the unrestricted stormwater flows from the subdivisions, which contributed to flashy conditions and bank scouring. Frequent flooding and poor drainage within the Lake Huron communities have been virtually eliminated through an unconventional drain project that relies on Green Infrastructure.

Case Study: Park West Green Infrastructure Project in Ottawa County Michigan See Joe Bush biography.

MOSSMAN, MALCOLM, Communications Coordinator, Bluestem Communications Malcolm Mossman serves as Communications Coordinator for Bluestem Communications, a nonprofit environmental communications organization. He assists the communications director with the management and implementation of Bluestem Communications’ projects, programs and campaigns. Prior to working with Bluestem Communications, Mossman organized citizens in Arizona around solar power and renewable energy initiatives. He holds a B.A. in American studies with a minor in sustainability from the University of Notre Dame. Mossman is currently pursuing his M.A. in Sustainable Urban Development at DePaul University.

When a Bandaid is not Enough: Implementing Stormwater Utilities in the Great Lakes Co-presenter: Katie Rousseau, American Rivers Whether they go gray or green, stormwater infrastructure repairs are no longer a luxury for many communities; they are a necessity to reduce chronic flooding and improve impaired rivers and streams—especially as climate change exacerbates existing problems. Communities need to repair old systems and build new, modern systems that embrace technological advances, but communities also need money to do it. A stormwater utility is an equitable way for communities to raise some of the money they need to fix the most immediate stormwater problems. American Rivers has created a Stormwater Utility Toolkit to help local government officials in the Great Lakes basin fund the projects they will need to implement in order to stay resilient in the face of climate change. The Toolkit contains materials to ensure local leaders, city and county staff and partners have the tools necessary to create a stormwater utility that is supported by the entire community. By providing values-based messaging and materials, communities can jumpstart a public engagement process, respond to detractors and advance the utility. The messaging and tools are based on surveys and interviews from municipal staff throughout the Great Lakes basin. American Rivers worked with Bluestem Communications, a nonprofit environmental communications organization, to research, develop and produce this toolkit. References include: American Rivers’ “Incentivizing Clean Water”; the Center for Neighborhood Technology’s “Urban Flooding in the Great Lakes States: A Municipal/Utility Survey Report” and the Charles River Watershed Association’s “Five Phases in Developing and Implementing a Stormwater Utility”.

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MURDICK, AMY, PLA, Landscape Architect & Water Resources Engineer, Tetra Tech Amy Murdick specializes in multi-disciplinary design of green infrastructure practices. She currently serves as the lead landscape architect for the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department’s Green Infrastructure Program for Combined Sewer Overflow and has designed a variety of green infrastructure projects throughout Michigan and Ohio. Murdick received a MSE in Civil Engineering and MS in Natural Resources and Environment from the University of Michigan and a BLA in Landscape Architecture from Michigan State University.

Bioretention Planting Design for Public Acceptance Traditional approaches to planting design for green infrastructure tend to focus solely on the use of native plants for their adaption to local conditions and ecological benefits. Aside from the many benefits native plants can provide, their use can present a wide variety of perception issues, especially in places like Detroit that have been hard hit by blight and abandonment.

This presentation seeks to discuss the approaches used to achieve maintainable and legible designs in Detroit that are appealing to the general public and how the debate of native vs. non-native plants fits into the context of social acceptance of green infrastructure in cities that have not previously embraced the technology. It also examines methods to increase the likelihood of success by designing for maintenance crews that may not be trained in the specifics of green infrastructure plant maintenance.

Green Infrastructure Planning in Detroit’s Parks: A Holistic Approach to Suitability Analysis In 2010, the City of Detroit embarked on an Alternative Rouge River Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Program that would result in reduced costs for CSO control. A component of this alternative CSO program was an investment in green infrastructure solutions that would help reduce the volume of runoff into the combined sewer system. Since parks represent the largest tracts of designated public green space in urban areas, they were targeted for green infrastructure implementation as part of this Program.

Most often, site selection and prioritization for green infrastructure projects are driven solely by stormwater management goals without regard to the potential social and ecological benefits they can provide. Aside from the obvious benefits of volume reduction, water quality treatment, and reduced costs in conventional CSO controls, implementation of green infrastructure can increase property values, mitigate effects of climate change, or even support local food production. Based on data availability and analysis feasibility, twelve variable categories were used to assess the environmental, social, hydrologic, and financial impacts of green infrastructure at each of the 67 parks within the 37.5 square mile project area in northwest Detroit. This presentation details a holistic approach to site suitability analysis that was used to prioritize parks for green infrastructure suitability. The top parks were then moved into the design phase and three projects were constructed in 2016. It further discusses how the suitability analysis evolved for the next phase of design selection, and how GIS analysis can be used to quantify seemingly subjective variables to provide a deeper understanding of how green infrastructure can be used to increase provisions of ecosystem services, support environmental justice efforts, bolster neighborhood stabilization, and promote green infrastructure education.

MURPHY, TIM, Senior Project Management, Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. Tim Murphy has over 17 years of leadership experience in the environmental industry, including the last seven years as the Environmental Commissioner for the City of Toledo. As the Environmental Commissioner, Murphy was responsible for overseeing the Division of Environmental Services which performs many duties including, but not limited to, maintaining compliance with all air and water regulations in the Toledo – Lucas County region, brownfield remediation and redevelopment, emergency response, sustainability, energy efficiency and alternative energy projects. Murphy also served as the Local Air Agency Director, as a contractual agent for the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and has extensive knowledge of local, state and federal environmental regulations. In August of 2014, he took over as the Commissioner of the Division of Water Treatment. His extensive knowledge and good working relationship with the regulatory agencies was crucial as short and long-term improvements are made to the Collins Park Water Treatment facility. In November 2014, Murphy joined the Toledo Office of Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) as the Environmental Practice lead. Murphy holds an undergraduate degree in Environmental Science from the University of Toledo. He is a member of numerous professional organizations including the Water Environment Federation, American Water Works Association, National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals, Toledo – Lucas County Sustainability Commission, TMACOG and Leadership Toledo among other organizations.

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Nutrient Source Inventory - A Public Facing Water Quality Informational Tool Co-presenters: Melissa Green Hopfer, Toledo - Lucas County Sustainability Commission, Regina Collins, City of Toledo Following the Toledo water crisis in 2014, the Toledo - Lucas County Sustainability Commission took a proactive stance to identify sources of nutrients throughout the Western Basin of Lake Erie watershed and make it easier for the public to access and understand available information. In June of 2015, Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) was engaged by the Lucas County Board of Commissioners to implement the first phase of a nutrient sources assessment for the watershed. The goal of Phase I was to identify causes of impairment and the pollutant sources that needed to be controlled to achieve desired nutrient load reductions and reduce the Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the basin. The assessment also tied in readily available surface water quality sample data from monitoring locations throughout the watershed.

Upon completion of the assessment, an interactive user-friendly Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping tool was linked to the Lucas County and City of Toledo websites, making location-based nutrient source information available for public usage. A Guidance Manuel was developed and included in this tool to document methodology, data sources, and findings, helping to communicate exactly what users were looking at and why.

Working with stakeholders such as the Ohio EPA, Michigan DEQ, Indiana DEM, the Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments (TMACOG), Heidelberg University, the University of Toledo, USGS, and local governments, CEC compiled available data from an array of viable sources and presented that data in laymen’s terms and in an easy-to-view format for consumption by the general public or targeted stakeholder groups so that they may better understand the status of their own watersheds. The Toledo water crisis is just one example. When a water quality issue exists, understandably pressure arises from stakeholders to “do something” about it. This tool allows entities like governments and point source and non-point source facilities to highlight proactive steps they’re taking through external websites so that anyone can see what is happening in their town, their watershed.

This presentation will first examine the methodology used to create the tool for the Toledo- Lucas County Sustainability Commission and later demonstrate its application. The usefulness of the tool is universal, and its application can be translated nationally to other watersheds with different data sets for the benefit of local advocacy groups, schools, watershed groups, municipalities, foundations, etc. More available data leads to a more informed public.

NASSAUER, JOAN IVERSON, Professor, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan Joan Iverson Nassauer develops ecological design proposals and investigates how human experience is affected by and can sustain environmentally beneficial landscape patterns. The author of more than 80 refereed papers and books, her current design research addresses green infrastructure for highly vacant urban neighborhoods, and ecosystem services from suburban landscapes. Nassauer is co-editor in chief of Landscape and Urban Planning.

Lessons from NEW-GI: What Works on the Ground to Achieve Integrated Stormwater Management in Detroit Neighborhoods with Vacant Property Panelists: Kenyetta Campbell, Cody Rouge Community Action Alliance; Dan Christian, Tetra Tech; Margi Dewar, University of Michigan; Khalil Ligon, Alliance for the Great Lakes; Barbara Matney, Warrendale Community Organization; Natalie Sampson, University of Michigan Dearborn; This panel will consist of three interrelated presentations: Urban Landscape Design: Neighborhood perceptions, benefits, and participation, Natalie Sampson, Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan Dearborn, will draw from surveys of residents of the Cody Rouge area of Detroit, to describe the appearance of NEW-GI design alternatives constructed in four pilot bioretention gardens in the Warrendale neighborhood of Detroit, including design concepts and planting designs. It will focus on how the designs were perceived by nearby neighborhood residents, how residents anticipated the designs might affect their own well-being, and what affects neighborhood residents’ likelihood to participate in maintenance of vacant properties or green infrastructure near their homes. We also will report on plans for our forthcoming follow-up surveys in Detroit.

Bioretention GI Design, Construction, and Monitoring: Dan Christian, Senior Project Manager and Professional Civil Engineer, Tetra Tech will describe details of the engineering design and construction of four pilot bioretention gardens constructed by DWSD as part of the NEW-GI project, including the relationship of the garden’s design to city street flows, catch basins, sewer connections from demolished housing, and the existing combined sewer system. He will also describe expected performance and results of monitoring performance of the gardens for stormwater flows and

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quality, as measured by: alkalinity, hardness, anions, N & P, solids, conductivity, pH, temperature, metals, PAHs and whole effluent toxicity.

Governance and maintenance challenges and opportunities: Margi Dewer, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan will address some of the particular governance challenges of planning, constructing, and maintaining GI in cities characterized by abundant vacant land and describe the Implications for Detroit, with attention to the challenges that could be addressed if the pilot retention gardens are brought to scale across the City of Detroit. Our studies of cities with related GI programs and challenges have included Cleveland, Baltimore, Washington, DC, Milwaukee, Gary, Buffalo, and Philadelphia. To date, no city has worked out all the challenges in a shift to more GI.

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit Panelists: Palencia Mobley, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department; Joan Iverson Nassauer, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; Natalie Sampson, Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan Dearborn; Margi Dewar, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan; Kenyetta Campbell, Executive Director, Cody Rouge Community Action Alliance; Khalil Ligon, Southeast Michigan Outreach Coordinator, Alliance for the Great Lakes; Barb Matney, President, Warrendale Community Organization. This panel will be composed of three interrelated presentations: Silos to Bridges: How Detroit local government is building bridges across departments while advancing stormwater management: Palencia Mobley, Chief Engineer and Deputy Director, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department will describe the DWSD's collaborations with the other units of local government to advance stormwater management at the same time as addressing challenges of property vacancy, including Housing and Revitalization, Planning, Public Works, and Public Health. By building bridges across traditionally siloed governmental functions, DWSD is working to contribute to the broader aims to advance the city of Detroit.

Using research to build bridges: The NEW-GI trandisciplinary design research approach to green infrastructure: Joan Iverson Nassauer, Professor, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan will describe how NEW-GI has put green infrastructure urban design alternatives at the center of a transdisciplinary project to assess stormwater, human well-being, and governance functions of GI for Detroit, with implications for other American legacy cities. It will summarize some of the key theories about what works to help GI succeed over the long-term, which are being synthesized and tested in the NEW-GI project. Learning from neighborhood collaborations: Natalie Sampson, Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan Dearborn will moderate a conversation among participants in the NEW-Gi project and its predecessor in engaging neighborhood residents in considering GI alternatives, the Lower Eastside Action Plan (LEAP) project. The presentation will describe what approaches to neighborhood collaboration have proven most fruitful or challenging in advancing GI understanding and implementation in Detroit.

NELSON, DIANE, Environmental Scientist, Mannik and Smith Group Diane Nelson graduated from Michigan Technological University in 2011 with a BS in Biochemistry and again in 2016 with a MS in Biology- Focus in Environmental Remediation. She has a huge passion for the environment and has focused her professional development towards environmental remediation and restoration. Nelson started working at The Greening of Detroit in 2014 and was a manager for the dendroremediation project as well as green infrastructure design and installation. She currently works at Mannik and Smith Group in Canton and works in the geo-environmental group as an environmental scientist..

Dendroremediation of Brownfield sites within Detroit by The Greening of Detroit In the spring of 2013, 2014, and 2015, The Greening of Detroit planted over 7,000 trees on eight different Brownfield sites throughout Detroit. The primary purpose of this project, funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), is to remediate contaminated soil using dendroremediation while providing additional benefits including the reduction of storm-water runoff and blight on/around the sites. This project attempts to find a cost effective, low maintenance alternative to soil remediation strategies. For this project, six tree species from the Populus and Salix genus were used in site specific experimental designs testing tree survivability and total soil contaminant removal. Soil sampling on each experimental plot occurred before tree implementation and tissue/soil sampling will occur at the five and ten year mark. These measurements along with yearly growth and health measurements will help determine the effectiveness of this project in relation to soil conditions, contaminants, and tree species chosen.

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Benefits of Green Infrastructure Implementation on Vacant Lots in South East Detroit In the fall of 2015 and the spring of 2016, The Greening of Detroit in collaboration with Lawrence Technological University (LTU) and multiple partners acquired 31 vacant lots with no pre-existing structures in southeast Detroit. The intent of this project was to reduce storm water runoff into the combined sewer overflow (CSO) along with neighborhood blight reduction and native ecosystem restoration. With funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), each lot underwent a preliminary evaluation, a clean and clear, installation of one of six unique green infrastructure designs (a turbo till, 2 kinds of native wildflower meadows, 2 varieties of rain gardens, and a tree stand), and post monitoring quantitative/ qualitative data collection. In addition to the green infrastructure implementation, LTU chose twelve lots to undergo a storm water runoff study using simulated rainfall of three to six inches to address the hydrologic performance of each Green infrastructure implementation.

NEMURA, ADRIENNE, Senior Principal, Geosyntec Consultants Adrienne Nemura is an environmental engineer with Geosyntec Consultants in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She has dedicated her 32-year career to helping clients find cost-effective and affordable ways to improve water quality and comply with the Clean Water Act. Her clients include municipalities, agriculture, attorneys, industries, and non-governmental organizations throughout the United States.

Green Infrastructure Meets Outcome Engineering to Solving Urban Flooding - Greater Chicago Phase II Pilot Study Results

The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRD) has completed the first of its kind pilot study within a 20-square mile area in the South Side of Chicago that intricately examines the integration of structural measures and green infrastructure to solve urban flooding within a combined sewer system. The detailed modeling explores various methods to explicitly quantify the performance and cost of a suite of solutions to reduce basement backups, surface flooding, and the volume of water reaching the combined sewer system. Core to the approach was the focus on outcome engineering to optimize solutions through an integrated approach of blending structural controls and green infrastructure and extensive stakeholder involvement for education and alternatives development. The presentation will explore the differences between traditional engineering and outcome engineering.

NOORDYK, JULIA, Water Quality & Coastal Communities Specialist, University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute Julia Noordyk works closely with the Lower Green Bay and Fox River Area of Concern Citizen Advisory Committee in developing education and outreach to elected officials and community leaders. She is also a Great Lakes NOAA Coastal Storms Program Outreach Coordinator and focuses on hazard mitigation, community resilience and reducing stormwater impacts with green infrastructure. Noordyk came to Wisconsin from the Maine Coastal Program where she was a NOAA Coastal management fellow working on offshore wind energy, water quality and coastal public access.

Noordyk has a M.S. degree in conservation biology and sustainable development from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a B.S. in zoology from Colorado State University. Building Resilient Communities One Code at a Time Green infrastructure is a proven and effective means to reduce stormwater pollution and volume, but there remain critical barriers to its implementation. Many municipal codes and ordinances were written before the effects of land use and development on stormwater runoff were well understood. Outdated local regulations can have a broad impact on implementation of green infrastructure and often will directly or indirectly discourage or prohibit its use. Even the absence of language in a code about green infrastructure is a barrier.

Since 2012, 1000 Friends of Wisconsin has been working with municipalities in southeastern Wisconsin to audit, revise and prioritize codes and ordinances that prohibit or inhibit the more widespread use of green infrastructure. To help replicate this approach and facilitate the development of strategic code and ordinance revisions for green infrastructure in other communities within Great Lakes Basin, the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute in partnership with the NOAA Coastal Storms Program, developed Tackling Barriers to Green Infrastructure: An Audit of Municipal Codes and Ordinances guidebook. The Audit can assist municipal staff, planners and resource managers in reviewing, revising and prioritizing municipal codes and ordinances to promote and advance green infrastructure practices. This project builds local capacity and brings technical assistance for this work at a time when municipalities are facing restricted budgets and reductions in personnel. What makes this project unique in comparison to similar audits for green infrastructure? The Audit recognizes the need for a “no judgement” approach in working with

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municipalities to audit their codes and ordinances. Barriers to green infrastructure can vary widely within the code language -- specific rights, specific prohibitions, partial limits, practices mentioned with no guidelines for implementation, etc. Therefore, solutions to code barriers need to be customized for the specific municipality and cannot be satisfactorily addressed by model ordinances or someone else’s idea of how the municipality “should” operate. Engaging county and municipal zoning and land use staff, planners, consultants and non-profit groups in reviewing, auditing and developing codes and ordinances that work for their communities is a critical part of the audit process. Understanding how green infrastructure fits within the local context is also a key ingredient in overcoming code barriers. What is the local culture, the pattern of development, and specific challenges regarding water quality or quantity for the particular community, and how might greater use of green infrastructure help with those issues? Community participation is key to success and changes in zoning should never be considered without significant and real community support. By undertaking a process that identifies the barriers and opportunities for green infrastructure, cost effective stormwater controls can be developed that meet the community’s desired goals and will inspire a sense of community pride.

NOVAES, VALERIE, Water Resources Engineer, Tetra Tech Valerie Novaes has over 12 years of experience in the design of stormwater quality controls, low impact development, watershed, stormwater management program development and implementation related to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permits and environmental compliance. Her experience with stormwater management programs includes development and implementation of illicit discharge elimination programs, field data collection methods and data analysis, post-construction practices for new development and re-development, and watershed management plans. She also has in the analysis and hydraulic modeling of sanitary and stormwater collection systems, wastewater treatment hydraulics, and watershed hydrology.

Who Owns that Land Co-presenter: Carol Hufnagel, Tetra Tech The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) is implementing a green infrastructure program in conjunction with their combined sewer overflow (CSO) control efforts. The City of Detroit has recently emerged from bankruptcy and its population has dwindled from 2,000,000 people to 700,000 over the last 40 years. The green infrastructure program includes a variety of project types that interface with property owners. These include:

• Large scale greening – creating new green spaces through gathering of vacant parcels. • Removal of excess impervious area, such as parking lots for abandoned commercial and industrial buildings. • Greening of public properties, including schools and parks.

Each of these project types is directly impacted by the question of “Who Owns That Land?” In the 32 square mile project area, thousands of parcels are vacant or abandoned, owned by land speculators and banks (through foreclosure) and by a variety of agencies, including the City of Detroit and land banks. School properties have similar issues, with 50% of the property owned by Detroit Public Schools shuttered and up for sale.

Navigating this landscape to implement green infrastructure projects requires understanding who the property owners are and enlisting help from the City agencies that fight blight and work to gain legal title to abandoned properties. It also involves engaging with local neighborhood leaders in developing project concepts that aid neighborhoods in addressing other issues, such as flooding, neighborhood stabilization and quality of life improvements.

This presentation will discuss the property owner makeup and will identify how these issues are being addressed as part of the green infrastructure program using projects that have been constructed as examples.

OBROPTA, CHRISTOPHER C., Ph.D., PE, Associate Extension Specialist in Water Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Christopher Obropta is the Director of the New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute, the Associate Extension Specialist in Water Resources with Rutgers Cooperative Extension, and an Associate Professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University. He has a doctorate in Civil Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, an M.S. in Civil Engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology, and a B.S. in Civil Engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology. Prior to joining Rutgers, Dr. Obropta was an environmental consultant for 12 years. With his extensive background, Dr. Obropta leads his highly specialized staff from the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program to identify and address community water resources issues using sustainable and practical science-based solutions throughout New Jersey. Over the last several years, he and his staff have been working with communities to implement green infrastructure practices.

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Community-Based Green Infrastructure, A Rutgers Cooperative Extension Urban Extension Initiative This presentation will discuss the building of a successful urban Extension program around green infrastructure in New Jersey. This program is self-funded and employs 12 full-time staff and 15 to 25 student interns. It does not divert a dime of agricultural funding to urban issues but provides overhead to the university to help support the existing cooperative Extension system. This is a program that has significant measurable impact throughout the state including districts that do not frequently benefit from the assistance of Rutgers Cooperative Extension (RCE). This program has gained the trust of the regulators at the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), nonprofit community and state groups, elected officials, and consultants who have adapted the tools created by the RCE Water Resources Program and hired its student interns to help them build robust green infrastructure components in their consulting practices. This program is collaborating with other land grant universities in the Northeast to create a regional green infrastructure initiative comprised of unique partnerships and diverse funding.

The presentation will discuss how the RCE Water Resources Program identified a critical emerging urban issue in 2009 and secured initial funding from the Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority to address the problem. A green infrastructure feasibility study was completed for Camden, and several green infrastructure demonstration projects were implemented. During this process, a unique partnership was formed within the community. The project launched a cooperative Extension state-wide green infrastructure initiative that secured federal, state, local and foundation funding to create a successful urban Extension program and unique opportunities to engage undergraduate students in Extension activities. Attendees will learn how to apply different methods to identify emerging issues, how to develop unique partnerships to address these issues, and how to secure diverse funding to conduct research and develop and deliver Extension programming to address emerging issues. For this project, national efforts on addressing combined sewer overflows (CSOs) were reviewed and compared to the needs and objectives for New Jersey. The RCE Water Resources Program also met with the NJDEP to discuss their intentions of imposing new regulations on the CSO communities. Meetings were held with non-profit organizations to understand their efforts to force the NJDEP and EPA to better regulate CSO communities. Finally, meetings were held with the CSO permittees to better understand their needs and willingness to move forward with a more aggressive agenda to reduce and/or eliminate CSOs in their service area. A community-based green infrastructure initiative was created based on input from these groups and their willingness to participate, which ultimately lead to unique partnerships as well as diverse funding opportunities.

OGILVIE, WENDY, Director of Environmental Programs, Grand Valley Metro Council Wendy Ogilvie joined Grand Valley Metro Council in 2013 as the Director of Environmental Programs. She was previously with Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc., for 13 years, focusing on water resource management projects. Ogilvie has over 20 years of experience in watershed and stormwater management. Current initiatives include the Regional Prosperity Initiative, facilitating NPDES Municipal Stormwater Permits in Kent and Ottawa County communities, implementing the Lower Grand River Organization of Watersheds (LGROW) strategic plan, and assisting the project

team in restoring the rapids to the Grand River. Originally from Maryland, Ogilvie came to Michigan to pursue a B.S. in Forestry from the University of Michigan and later earned a M.S. in Resource Development from Michigan State University.

Regional Rainscaping: Building a Regional Green Infrastructure Implementation Program in West Michigan Co-presenter: Elaine Sterrett Isely, West Michigan Environmental Action Council Rainscaping is a method of watershed restoration that promotes green infrastructure awareness and implementation among homeowners, landscapers, and contractors, highlighting both the benefits of green infrastructure and the skills required for installation. For three years, the Lower Grand River Organization of Watersheds (LGROW) of Grand Valley Metro Council and Plaster Creek Stewards of Calvin College, led a group of regional partners in the development of a regional program to encourage the implementation of green infrastructure practices such as rain gardens, bioswales, riparian buffers, and rain barrels. They conducted focus groups to gain feedback from homeowners, community members, landscape architects and native plant advocates; and designed a step-wise program that will be tested within three subwatersheds of the Lower Grand River Watershed after the implementation of demonstration projects in the Plaster Creek, Rogue River, and Lamberton Creek watersheds.

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OPARKA, AMANDA, Watershed Planner, Clinton River Watershed Council (CRWC) Amanda Oparaka holds a background in hydrogeology, environmental science and urban and regional planning. She completed her B.S. in Hydrogeology from Central Michigan University in 2011. She manages CRWC's WaterTowns program and the council's efforts to promote Green Infrastructure and recreation for the Clinton River and Lake St. Clair. Oparka is currently working on a Master’s of Urban and Regional Planning at Wayne State University.

WaterTowns: Enhancing Water Quality Through Placemaking and Green Infrastructure Co-presenter: Donald D. Carpenter, Drummond Carpenter PLLC The topic of this session will be the Clinton River Watershed Council’s placemaking initiative WaterTowns, which connects people to their waterways through recreation, green infrastructure, ecology, art, history and education. The Clinton River watershed is one of the most populated watersheds in the state home to over 1.5 million people. Since the program began in 2013 we have engaged 12 communities in the Watertowns program. In 2014, CRWC began a partnership with the Lawrence Technological University’s Great Lakes Stormwater Management Institute to study the Green Infrastructure potential in WaterTowns communities. Each community studied is presented with an a la carte menu of GI choices with graphic renderings associated with each idea. The purpose for breaking down each design is so that the community can sort out which costs would be achievable over a period of time and to budget appropriately for installation and match dollars for potential grants when they become available. Funding from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family foundation has allowed CRWC to offer these communities a $5,000 mini grant to implement one of the projects identified through the study. CRWC has completed green infrastructure studies in 10 communities and has seen 8 of the projects identified through the study implemented. During this session we will highlight two communities Clinton Township and Rochester Hills which have implemented more than one of the projects identified. Clinton Township installed native vegetation around their civic center and has incorporated green infrastructure into their recent $1.9 million civic center parking lot redesign. CRWC’s office is on the campus of the city of Rochester Hills and received a grant from the Great Lakes Clean Community’s Network to install rain garden on the property. Using in-kind match from the city and corporate volunteers to install the rain garden this has become a demonstration piece for all of the communities in the watershed.

OSBORNE, JOHN, Principal Hydrogeologist/Senior Vice President, GZA Geo Environmental, Inc. John Osborne has 30 years of experience in the fields of environmental, surface water and groundwater consulting. He received his Bachelor and Master’s Degrees in Geological Sciences and Geophysics from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee specializing groundwater quality. Osborne has been involved extensively in projects evaluating surface water and groundwater interaction, groundwater recharge issues, and sustainable water management strategies. Osborne has worked on regional groundwater resource, watershed planning and water supply projects, and was engaged in the independent analysis of the recent Great Lakes Diversion proposal and has provided technical input to legislators in state government on groundwater resource management issues.

Brownfield Redevelopment through Green Infrastructure The 30th Street Farm project is a brownfield redevelopment of an environmentally impacted property within the 30th Street Industrial Corridor in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; an area with sanitary and stormwater combined sewers with historical flooding and basement backup issues. The project was made possible through the collaboration of many organizations, including the EPA, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), the Redevelopment Authority of the City of Milwaukee (RACM/Site Owner), the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD), Cream City Farms (farmer) and several others including multiple community based nonprofit groups.

As part of the project, a 40,000-gallon underground cistern was installed with the assistance of over 100 volunteers and Milwaukee Mayor Barrett over the course of two community build events during the summer of 2015. Rainwater that falls on the farm is routed through a vegetative buffer and then to perimeter bioswales with underdrains that convey the stormwater to the large underground cistern (approximately the size of two school buses). The harvested stormwater cistern is equipped with a 1.5 kilowatt solar system that powers a pump and control system for irrigating the 1.25 acre farm. Additionally, the project incorporates a novel green infrastructure remote monitoring and control system, one of the first installed in Milwaukee, that utilizes forecasted rain events to proactively discharge the cistern prior to a rain event. The system is designed to actively manage the green infrastructure and maximize its impact on the city’s sewer system. The 30th Street Farm project is a huge, multi-agency, collaborative effort that has converted a blighted industrial brownfield into a state of the art green infrastructure site that also produces food and jobs through active urban agriculture.

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PARKER, JOHN C., Chief Product Officer, Impact Infrastructure John Parker is the Chief Product Officer for Impact infrastructure, the makers of Autocase. For over 35 years, Parker has worked as an economist in the infrastructure, building, energy, and financial sectors. He is a co-founder of Impact Infrastructure providing triple bottom line cost-benefit analysis to infrastructure and building owners, designers and planners.

Economics as a Green Infrastructure Planning and Design Tool As projects get more complex, engineers must adjust to new paradigms. For example, LID, Green

and Grey stormwater management solutions are often difficult to compare. A growing number of consulting engineers are choosing to apply Cost-Benefit, LCCA, and Triple Bottom Line and Resilience analysis to calculate returns on investment (Financial ROI as well as Sustainable ROI) associated with stormwater management alternatives available. The session will focus on applied experience with practical and accessible economic tools that helped engineers determine value of public benefit for a range of project stakeholders.

PARSON, JASON, President/CEO, Parson + Associates, LLC Jason Parson has always called Kansas City home. Whether serving his country in Operation Iraqi Freedom or studying the success of the Sustainable South Bronx green job training programs in New York, Jason’s roots are firmly planted in Missouri. Parson has led regional and national initiatives related to green collar jobs, youth development of job and life skills, education, energy, and water quality. His company has been an integral part of successful events that positively impacted the sustainability policies of the region. Working with underprivileged youth programs, employers,

educators, community groups and nonprofit organizations, Jason and Parson + Associates have developed a reputation for excellence in the implementation of critical programs in the urban core. An award-winning entrepreneur, Parson is known for his work to establish a Career Exploration Program for middle-school students to learn about jobs within the multi-million dollar construction industry. His efforts in this sector resulted in a prestigious Prism Award from the Greater Kansas City Public Relations Society of America.

Urban Acupuncture: Regenerative Green Infrastructure in the Public Realm, and Lessons Learned for Community Revitalization and Outreach See Tim Duggan biography.

PEBBLES, VICTORIA, Program Director, Great Lakes Commission Victoria Pebbles manages and facilitates multi-disciplinary project teams to analyze information, build consensus and develop policy solutions to address complex ecological and related socio-economic issues, including clean energy, climate change, water resource management, habitat conservation, land use, and coastal management. She has published dozens of articles and technical reports, delivered copious presentations, and served on and facilitated numerous multi-stakeholder project teams and task forces. Before joining the Commission, Ms. Pebbles held positions with the University of Michigan, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. Ms. Pebbles earned her undergraduate degree with honors from the University of California Santa Cruz and holds a master’s degree from the University of Michigan. She has worked at the Great Lakes Commission since 1993.

Challenges and Opportunities to Scaling Green Infrastructure Regionally Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission; Panel Members: Donald D. Carpenter, Drummond Carpenter PLLC, Christine Zimmer, Credit Valley Conservation; Carrie Rivette, City of Grand Rapids

PETROVSKIS, ERIK, Director of Environmental Compliance and Sustainability, Meijer Erik Petrovskis has 20 years of experience as an environmental consultant, where he also maintained an active applied research program in bioremediation. He is responsible for due diligence, remediation, compliance, and sustainability at Meijer, with particular focus on stormwater management and food waste. Petrovskis holds a PhD in environmental engineering from The University of Michigan (UM) and is a licensed Professional Engineer. Petrovskis also served as a Lecturer at UM, where he taught water and wastewater engineering, as well as sustainable engineering principles.

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Infiltration Technologies for Mitigating Stormwater Runoff for Commercial Retail Properties Meijer operates over 230 supercenters in the Great Lakes region. The typical store footprint, including parking, is 15 to 20 acres. To reduce impact to water resources at its retail locations, Meijer is implementing stormwater infiltration technologies. These technologies promise to reduce peak flows to reduce flooding issues and to improve water quality in receiving surface waters.

Meijer implemented porous paving at its Manistee, Michigan store, which opened in 2015. Porous asphalt was installed in three locations along the front and side of the store, making up approximately 20% of the parking lot. These sections feature a 3-inch porous asphalt surface above a 12-inch stone reservoir layer, where water collects and slowly infiltrates into the soil. This reduces the volume and improves the quality of stormwater runoff from the parking lot, in addition to having maintenance benefits such as reduced cracking and winter salt application. In collaboration with Lawrence Technological University,

Meijer has initiated a research study of green infrastructure (GI) parking lot retrofits at its Reynoldsburg, Ohio store. This site was chosen because it is located in a rapidly urbanized watershed that has experienced stream erosion issues, due to increased stormwater runoff. Stormwater at this store is collected in a detention pond designed to reduce the peak discharge from the site but not the overall volume of stormwater runoff. To reduce the volume of stormwater runoff contributing to the watershed, Meijer proposes to retrofit a section of the store site to improve infiltration. Design and baseline monitoring results will be presented. Meijer is evaluating infiltration technologies at new store sites as part of its due diligence process. In this process, Meijer evaluates municipal requirements and geotechnical and hydrological characteristics of the site. Meijer has developed performance design guidance on GI elements, including porous pavement, bioretention vegetated swales, and infiltration basins. Following a screening evaluation, infiltration elements are designed for selected sites based on several water quality volumes. Cost estimates are prepared for the infiltration elements and optimized for final design. Results of 2018 store evaluations will be presented.

PIESCHEK, RACHEL, Drummond Carpenter, PLLC Rachel Pieschek is a recent graduate of Lawrence Technological University with a Masters in Civil Engineering. Her Master’s thesis was titled “Hydrological Modeling to Quantify the Effects of Green Infrastructure in an Urban Environment” and it focused on the RecoveryPark green infrastructure implementation. She is now a staff engineer at Drummond Carpenter, PLLC.

Modeling and Monitoring Green Infrastructure in Support of the Re-Development of Detroit’s Neighborhoods

See Donald D. Carpenter biography.

POLICH, MICHAEL, Sea Grant Fellow, Great Lakes Commission Michael Polich assists the Great Lakes Commission on a range of projects, focusing on green infrastructure and transportation. Michael has spent time working at the United States Geological Survey, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, and the Environmental Law & Policy Center. He received his Juris Doctorate from the University of Wisconsin, where he also received his Master of Science Degree in biological systems engineering and a Bachelor of Science Degree in civil and environmental engineering

Great Lakes Stormwater Technology Transfer Collaborative See Donald Carpenter biography.

QUAINE, MICHAEL, Senior Project Engineer, BMJ Engineers & Surveyors, Inc. Michael Quaine is a Senior Project Engineer at BMJ Engineers and Surveyors, Inc. Michael has been with BMJ since 1996. He has over 21 years’ experience in Project Scope Development, Hydraulic and Hydrologic Modeling. Site Plan Development, Open Channel Design, Watershed Characterization Studies and Stream Restoration Design.

Case Study: Forrest-Manor Green Infrastructure Project on Lake Huron See Brian McKissen biography.

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RICHTERS, KARINA, Supervisor, Environmental Sustainability & Climate Change, City of Windsor Karina Richters is a graduate of the University of Windsor with a Master’s in Environmental Engineering and a licensed Professional Engineer in Ontario. As the Supervisor, Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change, Karina is responsible for the implementation of the City of Windsor’s Environmental Master Plan (EMP), the Climate Change Adaptation Plan as well as Project Lead on the City of Windsor Climate Change Action Plan. She also works closely with the Asset Management division to incorporate environmental sustainability and climate change into the City's Asset Management Framework. Working out of the Lou Romano Water Reclamation Plant, Karina continues to undertake numerous education campaigns to educate the public on wastewater and stormwater issues.

Building Climate Change Action at the Municipal Level (The City of Windsor) The City of Windsor's Climate Change Adaptation Plan was completed in 2012 with the focus on mitigating the risks of increasing intense precipitation events and increasing number of hot days. The Climate Change Mitigation Plan is anticipated to be completed in early 2017. The creation of these plans involved multi-departmental and regional cooperation to help identify future risks and implementation of actions. The presentation will highlight a number of successful actions from the plans (i.e. basement flooding, urban heat island, etc.) as well as how the City continues to embed Climate Change into various municipal frameworks (e.g. Asset Management). The success of the our accomplishments is not limited to the work of one group, but in how the City of Windsor has developed Champions across the municipality. The presentation will look at how small actions can normalize the conversation and promote further action.

RIVETTE, CARRIE, Stormwater Manager, City of Grand Rapids Carrie Rivette is Stormwater Manager and lead on green infrastructure for the City of Grand Rapids. Carrie is a Professional Engineer with a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Engineering from Michigan Technological University. She has over 20 years of experience in the environmental and water resources field. Currently, she is part of the City’s Vital Streets team working to ensure that as streets get redeveloped they are both complete and green.

Implementing a Regional Program for Post Construction Stormwater Controls The communities of the Lower Grand River Watershed have been working collaboratively as a region

to implement post construction stormwater controls, including green infrastructure for nearly 2 decades. The Grand Valley Metropolitan Council has led this work in partnership with the 23 regulated communities within the Lower Grand River Watershed. Michigan’s NPDES MS4 permit program proposed bold and aggressive standards for stormwater treatment and infiltration during the newest round of permitting. The communities of the Lower Grand River Watershed came together once again to find the best solution to meet these requirements and protect surface waters while supporting development and economic growth. The result was a set of comprehensive development guidelines with the technical tools developers and engineers will need to implement them. These guidelines prioritize the use of green infrastructure across the region, safeguard surface water and provide mechanisms to ensure that communities are protected from flooding and other negative impacts.

Challenges and Opportunities to Scaling Green Infrastructure Regionally See Victoria Pebbles biography.

ROSS, CYNTHIA, River Restoration Program Manager, Friends of the Rouge Cyndi Ross has been working to improve the Rouge River through community education and engagement since 2001. As co-creator of the Rain Gardens to the Rescue program, Ross has created dozens of residential rain gardens in Detroit and several hundred events and restoration projects across the Rouge River watershed. Ross earned her Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Studies from the University of Michigan. Her work has received awards from the Rouge River Remedial Action Committee, the Gold Leaf Award from the International Society of Arboriculture and has served as an adviser to the Stewardship Network Lake Plain Cluster and the Wildlife Habitat Council Huron to Erie Project.

Rain Gardens to the Rescue: Uniting Urban Agriculture and Water Conservation Movements See Ashley Atkinson biography.

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ROUSSEAU, KATIE, Director, Clean Water Supply, Great Lakes, American Rivers As the Director of Clean Water Supply Programs in the Great Lakes region for American Rivers, Katie Rousseau she leads efforts to promote integrated water management. She focuses on drinking water access and affordability, reducing combined sewer overflows and promoting green stormwater infrastructure solutions. Rousseau has worked with a number of municipalities on green stormwater infrastructure implementation projects, broader watershed planning efforts, and code revisions. Prior to joining American Rivers, she spent several years teaching earth science in Maryland and working as a GIS technician for Lucas County, Ohio. Rousseau is a board member of Black Swamp Conservancy and serves on the governance board for the Healing Our Waters

Coalition. Katie holds a B.S. in Education from Ohio University and a M.A. in Geography from the University of Toledo.

When a Bandaid is not Enough: Implementing Stormwater Utilities in the Great Lakes See Kevin M. Serena biography Toledo’s Green Infrastructure Journey – The Whys, Wows, Woes, and What’s Next Katie Rousseau, American Rivers, Toledo Office; Tashya Allen, NOAA; Cyndee Gruden, University of Toledo The Toledo-Lucas County Green Stormwater Infrastructure Task Force will share how it has been successful in using green infrastructure to combat flood impacts, aging infrastructure, economic downturn, and a recent “do not drink the water” order. Stories will be shared about why we are using green infrastructure, what’s been accomplished, challenges along the way, and where we are headed. The Task Force and its partners will discuss how their large-scale and strategic approaches to green infrastructure planning and implementation have helped guide decisions. The Task Force and its partners will provide details on several studies assessing the impacts of current and future precipitation on the Toledo area. Focused on estimating green infrastructure costs and benefits, developing design specifications for different land uses, and developing performance metrics, these studies are helping to inform a regional stormwater reduction strategy.

RUSSELL, NANCY M., Engineer, OHM Advisors Nancy Russell graduated in 2014 from the University of Colorado Boulder with a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Engineering with a focus in Water Resources and Treatment. After graduating, Nancy accepted a position with OHM Advisors. She has been working for OHM Advisors for two years. Nancy’s main focus since starting has been working on the Storm Sewer Asset Management and Wastewater (SAW) Grant projects. Part of these projects, Nancy has been involved with the physical assessment of stormwater and wastewater collection systems, including hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of conventional and green infrastructure. Modeling software she has used

includes EPASWMM, XP-SWMM, and HEC-RAS. Balancing Flood Control and Volume Reduction in Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan Co-presenter: Gregory P. Kacvinsky, OHM Advisors As asset management planning and stormwater quality become priorities for communities in Michigan, cities are interested in finding a balanced approach between water quality and quantity. Traditionally, the level of service for a stormwater system has been defined as the storm magnitude (i.e. 10-year recurrence interval) that the collection system can convey without causing surface flooding. An emerging component of the level of service is stormwater quality. Communities – especially those abutting major recreational water bodies – have a desire to see more green infrastructure built to reduce the volume of runoff and resulting pollutants contaminating their rivers, lakes, and beaches. This need can even outweigh flood control priorities, especially when local tourism is impacted.

The City of Traverse City, Michigan, outlets to the Grand Traverse Bay (Lake Michigan). Stormwater runoff from the urbanized areas impact the beaches that the City depends on for tourism revenue. As part of a City-wide Asset Management Plan, XP-SWMM was used to model the stormwater collection system. The modeling effort revealed that many parts of the collection system were undersized and recommendations were made to increase sewer diameters to prevent frequent roadway flooding. However, local stakeholders questioned whether this was the right approach, and the modeling effort shifted towards a dual objective scenario: manage peak flows for the 5-year / 10-year storms while reducing runoff volumes so as to reduce pollution to the bay.

An Existing Conditions model was created to be the baseline of the analysis. From the Existing Conditions Model, two scenarios were created: the Grey Infrastructure and the Green Infrastructure Scenario. The Grey Infrastructure Scenario focused on the traditional level of service (increase sewer diameters for flood control), while the Green Infrastructure

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Scenario focused on runoff volume reduction through decentralized infiltration Best Management Practices (BMPs). The 5-year storm event was analyzed for each scenario to check against flood control. For the Green Infrastructure Scenario, infiltration BMPs were added to each sub-basin, with the total BMP footprint set at 2% of the tributary impervious area. Existing soils in Traverse City are sandy, which makes infiltration a promising stormwater management tool.

The amount of runoff reduction was significant for all storms analyzed: 29% reduction for the 5-year event, 39% for the 2-year event, and 43% for the 1-year event; however, even with the reduction of runoff volume, the model confirmed that the storm sewer system would still require enlargement to convey the 5-year event for flood control purposes. Although the Green Infrastructure Scenario demonstrates the potential to reduce runoff volumes and, therefore, pollutant loading, it does not eliminate the need to replace undersized storm sewers. Green Infrastructure typically addresses more frequent storms (i.e. 1-2 inches of rainfall), for which peak flows are much lower than the flood control (i.e. 5-year / 10-year) events. However, modeling a Green Infrastructure Scenario in this context allows us to demonstrate that we can meet the needs of two key sets of stakeholders: the public works contingent (flood control), and the environmental contingent (runoff volume control, water quality enhancement)

SAGE, HEATHER, Director of Community Projects, Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy Heather Sage joined the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy (PPC) in May 2013 as the Director of Community Projects. She manages government affairs, foundation relations, the Parkwaters green infrastructure unit, and community engagement opportunities. Ms. Sage previously served as Vice President at PennFuture, where she was responsible for development, staff management, and overseeing programs including outreach, fundraising and communications. She previously worked for EarthShare of Ohio, developing new opportunities for employees to support environmental groups through their workplace charitable giving campaigns. Ms. Sage also managed community relations for an environmental education center and farm in Cincinnati, following work in the

Cincinnati parks as a naturalist.

City-Wide Green Infrastructure in the Public Realm: The Critical Role of Parks in Pittsburg See Tim Duggan biography.

SAMPSON, NATALIE, Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan Dearborn Natalie Sampson received her BS in Environmental Studies and PhD in Health Behavior Health Education from University of Michigan, as well as an MPH at Portland State University. Dr. Sampson conducts research with diverse community partners to bring interdisciplinary evidence to land use and infrastructure planning efforts in Detroit and Southeast Michigan to improve health equity. In addition to her research, she is a steering committee member of the Detroit Climate Action Collaborative and the Community Action to Promote Healthy Environments.

Lessons from NEW-GI: What Works on the Ground to Achieve Integrated Stormwater Management in Detroit Neighborhoods with Vacant Property - Panel See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

Building Bridges: Collaborations to support integrated stormwater management in Detroit See Joan Iverson Nassauer biography.

GI Urban Landscape Design: Neighborhood perceptions, benefits, and participation

SANTORO, GERARD P., AICP, Program Manager of Land & Water Resources, Macomb County Government Gerard Santoro works for the Macomb County Department of Planning & Economic Development in Mount Clemens, Michigan. He is the Program Manager of Land and Water Resources with expertise in storm water management, non-motorized transportation, recreational master planning, green infrastructure development, and community sustainability. Santoro has a Masters Degree in Regional Planning from Wayne State University, and is a certified professional planner and a licensed “Green Real Estate Agent.” In his tenure with Macomb County, he has worked both locally and regionally to develop the framework of a sustainability program regarding the Blue and Green

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Strategic Initiatives, which looks at environmental stewardship, associated economic development issues, and quality of life assets as they are integrated with the local freshwater and green resources of Macomb County.

Southeast Michigan is Singing the "Blues" and "Greens," and a Better Way of Life Macomb County Department of Planning and Economic Development, along with Southeast Michigan Council of Governments have developed a major Green Infrastructure Plan and Blue Economy Programming that is impacting how local governments are planning and implementing development or redevelopment within their communities. Macomb County’s Blue Economy Initiative was born out of a long history of commerce and recreation along the northern reaches of the Detroit River into the nearby Lake St. Clair waterway. As this area was early to be settled by French fur traders and missionaries, a long lasting economy and quality of life took root. This area has reinvented itself in a Post-Industrial era that pays great attention to our rivers, waterways, green-infrastructure and the coastal areas of our own Great Lake, that being Lake St. Clair; which is part of the Huron to Erie Corridor. After fur trading and French ribbon farming, this area was renowned for both timber and farming. As the Industrial Revolution took place in Southeast Michigan, this area saw a dramatic change on its natural resources. With the Industrialization, Suburbanization, privatization, and intense shoreline uses that begot a world class marina industry; our riverine and coastal areas were significantly impacted. Macomb County soon saw over 60 operating marinas develop, 16,000 boat slips, and a myriad of canals and hardened seawalls, With major industrial development and an intense waterfront uses, this area became a great wall to the general public with lack of public space, besides seeing some of the most polluted waterways anywhere in the Great Lakes Region.

The Macomb County Blue Economy Initiative created a strategic plan in 2011-2012 that identified over 50 projects that were aimed at primarily opening the waterfront with public spaces and recreational opportunities. This, along with a regional plan beset by SEMCOG and simultaneously by Macomb County, and other agencies, dramatic changes are now being realized. Some of these changes include: Over $20,000,000 in GLRI investment in Macomb County alone, 4 major public access projects underway, a Blue Economy Strategic Plan, and the Green Macomb – Urban Forestry Partnership. Every community is touched by these changes which is having major implications that are realized with improved home values, regional trails, greater water way access, more parks and conservation, and measurable cleaner freshwater. This has become a major political platform for Macomb County and it has now taken on a local government ownership, which is resulting in some very significant changes in the way residents, employers, and visitors view Southeast Michigan and Macomb County.

SAUER, ANDY, Green Infrastructure & Stormwater Manager\Water Global Practice, Burns & McDonnell Andy Sauer is the green infrastructure and stormwater manager for Burns & McDonnell Water Global Practice. He has over 19 years of experience in water resources, stormwater management, and green infrastructure. Most recently, Sauer has served as the technical leader and project manager for a range of clients with stormwater and green infrastructure needs. His green infrastructure project experience includes planning, design, construction, and monitoring projects. Sauer holds a B.S. in Agricultural Engineering and M.S. in Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering both from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Green Infrastructure for Multiple Benefits: Kansas City, Missouri’s Green Infrastructure Program The City of Kansas City, Missouri is implementing green infrastructure (GI) to not only improve water quality but as a catalyst for change in neglected urban neighborhoods. The Water Services Department (WSD) is under a federal consent decree to reduce combined sewer overflows through implementing of a series of large gray projects. Five years ago, the City decided to make a commitment to implement GI solutions in the first five years of the program to understand costs, performance, and constructability of GI. That decision has changed the way Kansas City is viewing green infrastructure now and into the future. GI is helping Kansas City improve urban neighborhoods, address localize flooding issues, and rehab aging infrastructure. The initial results have been encouraging, demonstrating cost effective solutions that are doing more than just addressing water quality issues but providing visible investments in the community.

GI facilities benefit receiving water quality by either removing stormwater volume from combined sewer systems or in reducing stormwater runoff pollutant loading from separate sewer systems. However GI provides additional benefits that are being realized in Kansas City. Starting over 5 years ago, the City of Kansas City, Missouri is encouraging GI in all projects to enhance neighborhoods, improve urban corridors, and create green jobs. These projects have ranged in size from small planter boxes to large regional facilities. Overall, WSD has budgeted $86 million for GI which includes both small distributed GI projects and larger centralized GI projects. The first three projects have been large marquee projects within the Middle Blue River Basin that are implementing GI within a 744 acre watershed for CSO control.

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Moving forward the City is currently working on two other GI projects that are in the design phase to implement GI in the historical West Bottom area and in downtown area of Kansas City, Missouri.

This presentation will present the planning, design, and implementation process of key green infrastructure projects. In addition, this presentation will provide insight into the lessons learned in implementing GI in urban areas that have the goal of enhancing areas and providing more livable communities by reviewing the recent project components. Finally this presentation will also present what is next for Kansas City and how GI projects can be an effective part of stormwater management as well as other funding options for GI such as public private partnerships.

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SCHECHTER, DANIEL, Environmental Engineer, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT) Daniel Schechter is an environmental engineer with 25 years’ experience in water and wastewater treatment, wet weather issues, and environmental compliance. He serves as Program Manager for the Water Resources Service Line of ECT in the Detroit office. He currently works on projects including NPDES compliance, green infrastructure, and stormwater utility development. Schechter previously managed the stormwater, green infrastructure, and combined sewer overflow (CSO) program for the City of Detroit and served as Superintendent of Engineering for Wastewater. Schechter holds a BS in Civil Engineering from Stanford University and a MS in Water Resources

Engineering from the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. He has a love for big cities that originated from growing up on Chicago's South Side, six blocks from Lake Michigan.

Overview of GI Opportunities and Challenges in Detroit - Panel Daniel Schechter, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT)

SELBIG, WILLIAM, Research Hydrologist, US Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center William Selbig has 20 years of experience in measuring the quantity and quality of nonpoint source runoff in urban environments. The majority of his research is focused on characterizing the hydrologic and chemical response of stormwater to structural and non-structural practices designed to mitigate stormwater pollution.

Evaluation of a Leaf Removal as a Way to Reduce Nutrients in Urban Runoff Organic detritus and particulate matter can be major sources of phosphorus (P) and other nutrients in the urban environment, especially in areas with dense overhead tree canopy. In order to meet

impending regulation to reduce P loads, Wisconsin cities will require information on structural and non-structural Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs) that target organic detritus and particulate matter. Implementing a city-wide leaf collection and street cleaning program is one way to reduce organic detritus and particulate matter in urban areas before it becomes entrained in runoff. Non-structural SCMs may have advantages over structural SCMs because most Wisconsin cities already conduct some level of leaf collection and existing street cleaning programs, thus may benefit from increased phosphorus reduction with minor changes to existing practices; however, few studies have quantified the water-quality benefits of such a program. The U.S Geological Survey measured the water-quality benefits of a municipal leaf collection program coupled with street cleaning in Madison, WI during the months of April through November of 2014 and 2015. The calibration phase of the study (2014) characterized nutrient concentrations and loads in runoff from two paired basins (each less than 15 acres) without leaf collection or street cleaning. During the treatment phase (2015), street cleaning was done in the test basin by city personnel on a weekly basis from April through September with leaf collection in October and November. Additionally, prior to each precipitation event, USGS personnel removed as much organic debris from the street surface as reasonably possible. The control remained without street cleaning or leaf collection for the entire monitoring period.

During summer months, street cleaning alone did not significantly decrease the load of nutrients in runoff. Street cleaning during the spring and leaf collection in fall was able to remove the increased amount of organic debris from the curb and street surface which resulted in statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions in loads of phosphorus and nitrogen. Total and dissolved P loads were reduced by 45 and 51 percent in the spring 84 and 83 percent in the fall, respectively. Similarly, total and dissolved nitrogen was reduced by 52 and 44 percent in the spring and 74 and 71 percent in the fall, respectively. In the control basin, 56 percent of the annual phosphorus load occurred in fall (winter excluded), the majority of which was dissolved as orthophosphorus, compared to only 16 percent in the test basin. While the leaf collection practices adopted during this study may surpass those used by other municipal programs, results from this study suggest a significant reduction of nutrient loads in urban stormwater is feasible when leaves and other organic detritus are removed from streets prior to precipitation events.

Evaluation of the Water-Quality Benefits of Permeable Pavement Urbanization of the landscape can increase the quantity and degrade the quality of stormwater entering our lakes and streams. Replacing natural vegetation with impervious surfaces, such as parking lots and streets, can promote the rapid transport of many urban pollutants such as nutrients and sediment. Permeable pavement is considered one of the stormwater control measures available to environmental managers as a way to mitigate the adverse impact of urban stormwater; however, few studies have quantified the water-quality benefits of different types of permeable pavements. From August 2014 through October 2015, the U.S Geological Survey measured the infiltration rates and

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pollutant reduction capabilities of three variations of permeable pavement: pavers, concrete, and asphalt. Untreated stormwater runoff from an adjacent parking lot was directed towards and distributed equally between the three permeable surfaces by use of a flow splitter. Mean infiltration rates of the asphalt surface remained above 100 in/hr whereas the paver and concrete surfaces both dropped from >100 in/hr to <10 in/hr, a result of clogging by sediment retained in each surface. Twenty-eight precipitation events over the 14-month monitoring period were sampled and analyzed for water-quality. Cumulative suspended sediment load influent to each permeable surface was reduced by 66, 59, and 79 percent in the paver, concrete, and asphalt plots, respectively. Cumulative total phosphorus load was reduced by 19, 22, and 17 percent, respectively. Both the permeable paver and concrete surfaces initially showed higher percentages of pollutant reduction than asphalt; however, a continued decline in the ability to infiltrate runoff resulted in more runoff flowing over, not through the surface. This led to a decline in overall treatment. Conversely, the asphalt surface continued to provide some level of treatment since it was capable of treating nearly all of the influent runoff volume. Results from this study will be used to amend the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources conservation practice standard for installation of permeable pavement in Wisconsin.

SERENA, KEVIN M., CDT, LEED GA, GRP, American Hydrotech, Inc. Kevin Serena is a Garden Roof Technical Sales Coordinator for Chicago-based American Hydrotech Inc. He is responsible for assisting designers create successful vegetated roofs all across the country, focusing on system design and proper selection of engineered growing media, drainage materials and plants. He has achieved certification as a Construction Document Technologist, LEED Green Associate as well as a Green Roof Professional. Serena is a graduate of Purdue University.

Beauty Meets Performance: Vegetated Roofs as a Stormwater BMP As our cities continue to grow, pervious space is being replaced with impervious concrete and asphalt. It is imperative that we replenish the green space in our urban areas to reduce the effects of CSOs. Many municipalities across the country are realizing the benefits of vegetated roofs for stormwater management and are offering incentives to implement them on projects. Vegetated roofs are an integral part of the EPA’s list of accepted best management practices (BMPs) for handling stormwater.

The design community has many options when developing stormwater management plans. Of all the benefits vegetated roofs offer, stormwater management is the most significant. Often times the vegetated roof is not designed to meet its full stormwater management potential. Implementation of vegetated roofs can help downsize or in some cases completely eliminate types of grey infrastructure.

The presentation will show specific data on stormwater performance of vegetated roofs including an overview of the ASTM testing specifically for vegetated roofs. The presentation will also provide an explanation of the different components that make up a vegetated roof and cover important design considerations including structural capacity, wind design, growing media makeup and plant selection. The presentation will also briefly highlight some of the different incentives offered by municipalities across the country to promote the implementation of vegetated roofs. The presentation will also include a few project case studies showing how including vegetated roofs in the site’s stormwater management plan enabled the project team to completely eliminate grey infrastructure and save the project money. One of the case studies will highlight a new trend in the roofing market which is combining the technology of a blue roof with a green roof to maximize rooftop water detention.

SHOROFSKY, BEN, Programs Specialist, Delta Institute As Specialist, Ben Shorofsky provides technical expertise and manages programs across all of Delta’s work, including the areas of environmental markets, green infrastructure, deconstruction, and community development, among others. He holds an M.S. and a B.S. in Environmental Engineering from Northwestern University, and before joining the Delta team, he completed a Fulbright Fellowship focused on piloting an innovative wetland treatment system for textile effluent in the Thar Desert Region of Rajasthan, India.

Reducing barriers to green infrastructure through new cost-effective monitoring technology Green Infrastructure (GI) has the potential to become a go-to tool for communities trying to address flooding, water quality, and other stormwater concerns while also providing a robust set of co-benefits, such as promoting biodiversity, sequestering greenhouse gases, and enhancing local economic development. If it were easier to monitor stormwater management performance, a variety of funds typically used to support gray infrastructure could be redirected to green infrastructure through a direct cost/benefit comparison. Overcoming the lack of low-cost, easy-to-install monitoring

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equipment and technology may enable communities to stabilize their costs, fund long-term maintenance of green infrastructure, and unlock the local community, economic and environmental impacts of GI. To address these needs, Delta partnered with Thoughtworks and the Sustainable Tech Hack Group to develop low-cost, easy-to-install monitoring systems with real-time reporting capabilities. These prototypes, built utilizing low-cost computing technologies, can monitor soil moisture, rain water, and flow at a fraction of the costs of presently deployed monitoring. In this presentation, Delta will provide an overview of this new GI monitoring technology, our theory of change, and how these prototypes could be used with existing installations to analyze the accuracy and precision of monitoring, identify monitoring protocols, to refine devices, and to create financing mechanisms to expand GI implementation. Our objective through this work is to enable a variety of traditional and nontraditional partners to implement GI, infiltrate gallons of water, reduce negative impacts of poor planning and climate change, while creating opportunities for green jobs and promoting biodiversity.

SINHA, SANJIV, DR., Vice President, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT)

Dr. Sanjiv Sinha is Vice President of ECT, an employee-owned, multidisciplinary engineering consulting firm that maintains 20 offices across the country, and offers a broad range of engineering, planning, management and scientific services within the environmental and water resources business sectors.

Panel on Private Financing and Delivery Frameworks of Large-scale Green Infrastructure Implementation. Panelists: Sanjiv Sinha, ECT; Alex Eidson, Encourage Capital; Greg Cannito, Corvias Solutions; and Jim Gebhardt, U.S. EPA Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center The existing stormwater infrastructure in most major cities remain a relic of misguided development, regulation, and market forces that results in excess stormwater entering both sanitary and combined sewer systems, causing untreated sewage to enter basements, polluted stormwater discharging to waterways, and peak sewage flows threatening the stability of existing wastewater treatment processes. Unfortunately, paying for stormwater infrastructure improvements continues to challenge community leaders and environmental advocates alike. Green infrastructure (GI), when properly designed and placed, is a cost-effective way of managing stormwater, improving water quality, and providing aesthetically pleasing solutions. However, building GI at large-scale is perceived to be expensive due to upfront capital needs, and still a novelty. Fortunately, alternative forms of financing and delivery are emerging as attractive options for communities that wish to quickly implement green infrastructure at scale. This panel will have the following four speakers:

• Dr. Sanjiv Sinha, of ECT, will chair the Panel and start the discussion by a summary of processes and drivers that determine the market size of green infrastructure’s large-scale adoption in the Great Lakes basin.

• Mr. Alex Eidson, of Encourage Capital, will then provide an overview of innovative private financing tools such as Environmental Impact Bonds (EIBs), stormwater credit trading, and stormwater bank frameworks.

• Next, Mr. Greg Cannito of Corvias Solutions, will discuss a Community-Based Public-Private Partnership (CBP3) in Prince George’s County in Maryland that, to-date, is the only such stormwater CBP3 in the country.

• Lastly, Mr. Jim Gephardt, of US EPA’s Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center, will discuss the federal government’s efforts to promote public-private frameworks.

SITAR, LUBA, Manager of Customer Relations and Community Education, ITC Luba Sitar is responsible for developing, maintaining, and enhancing relationships/ partnerships with communities and their residents impacted by ITC utility corridor vegetation management practices. Prior to joining ITC, Sitar served as District Manager with Michigan’s Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation Department. She has a Bachelor Degree in Biology and has experience in creating partnerships on both sides of the public-private partnership equation. She is a board member of the Oakland Parks Foundation and Michigan Arbor Day Association and a current member of the International Society of Arborist and Utility Arborist Association.

Recognition and Relationships: The Unintended Benefits of Green Infrastructure See Tonya Hunter biography.

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STAND, BLAINE, Membership Coordinator, Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Blaine Stand is the Membership Coordinator with Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (GRHC), a non-profit industry association that is working to grow the green roof and wall industry across North America, joining the organization in early 2015. He works to strengthen and enhance member relations, develop new business opportunities, and liaise on GRHC’s advocacy and policy activities, through the development of services and programs such as the Local Market Symposia and the Industry Market Survey. He is an anthropologist from the University of Toronto, focusing on human adaptation and development and the interface of culture with the environment.

Encouraging Green Roofs through Stormwater Policy: Lessons Learned Municipalites across North America are struggling to effectively manage stormwater using outdated infrastructure, even as climate change intensifies rain events and puts further stress on these systems. Combined sewer overflow events are a particular cause for concern, causing untold damage to ecosystems and human health. Many municipalities are adopting green infrastructure technologies to help manage stormwater effectively and reduce the volume of stormwater discharged into the storm sewer system. Green roofs can be an important part of this green infrastructure toolbox, especially when space is a constraint and ground level green infrastructure is not feasible. This presentation will compare the approaches taken by a variety of communities facing different needs and challenges, including Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Toronto, and Milwaukee. It examines the effectiveness of the variety of approaches taken by each city, looks at best practices, and draws lessons that can be learned for other municipalities looking to implement green roof policy.

STANGLAND, JASON, PLA, Principal Landscape Architect, SmithGroupJJR Jason Stangland serves as lead designer and grant specialist for communities throughout the Great Lakes region. He has worked on complex projects throughout the country that have benefited from his public facilitation skills, and ability to integrate communities with their unique ecological, environmental and cultural context. Stangland is highly successful at helping clients secure funding through a variety of grant programs and pulling together the necessary resources to build and sustain project momentum.

Living Shorelines as a Mechanism for Coastal Resilience, Habitat Enhancement, and Economic Investment Living shorelines are often seen as a viable alternative for coastal protection on the East/West coast. It is, however, not limited to those regions. In fact living shorelines are transferrable to Great Lakes environments. To apply this concept to the Great Lakes requires technical experts from multiple disciplines, the ability to work across agencies and regulations, and the creativity to leverage partnerships and funding sources that can help advance resilience solutions. Recent changes in federally mandated provisions through the Water Resource Development Act (WRDA) - which has prioritized coastal resiliency projects that emphasize shoreline habitat restoration - allows for beneficial reuse of dredged sediment, and solutions for flood and hazard mitigation efforts that cross State and USACE District jurisdiction. This presentation will demonstrate how pioneering communities are employing these strategies on the Great Lakes as a mechanism to protect shorelines while creating habitat, expanding public access, and achieving an optimal outcome for the community.

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STAPLETON, TONJA, Program Manager, LAND, Inc., Eastside Community Network. Tonja Stapleton is a Detroit-based land use consultant who is passionate about community and economic development. As a member of Parkstone Development Partners, she assists developers and small business owners with project management, strategic planning, community engagement, land entitlements and planning. Stapleton has a degree in Urban and Regional Planning from Michigan State University and has served at the local, regional and state levels in the nonprofit, governmental and private sectors. She is currently serving as the Interim Manager for LAND, Inc., the real estate subsidiary of Eastside Community Network. Strengthening Green Infrastructure Capacity By Increasing Social Capital in Urban Communities Co-presenter: Carrie Addis, Eastside Community Network Green Infrastructure (GI) is needed in urban communities due an abundance of impervious surfaces; a problem exacerbated in communities, like Detroit, whose storm water is managed by a combined sewer system. Despite evident need, Detroit has been slow to adopt GI practices, especially in residential neighborhoods due a number of barriers, including: limited local capacity to design and implement GI; low community awareness and acceptance of GI purpose and design; and limited integration of GI strategies in traditional community development. Eastside Community Network (ECN), a Detroit community development corporation founded in 1984, has worked to address barriers to GI implementation over the past two years. Introducing GI in ECN’s target area has been met with both anticipated and unseen barriers. Jargon typically used by professionals to explain the construction, impact and overall goals of GI projects was not well understood by residents or community development staff. Initial GI installations were not visually appealing to most residents; were located in areas of extreme blight and depopulation; and did not always adhere to best practices in design and engineering. A lack of acceptance caused lots to be vandalized, plants and trees to be stolen and most recently lots destroyed by uncoordinated public works projects. In late 2015, ECN partnered with Insite Design in Ann Arbor and the Nature Conservancy, to utilize its Neighborhoods First planning model to address the problem more effectively.

This model coupled resident leaders with GI experts and experienced community planners/organizers to engage in shared planning; to develop a common vocabulary and build understanding; to evaluate best practices through a tour of mature GI sites; and to facilitate selection of optimal GI sites based on local conditions, integrity of housing, and local community support. This planning process has greatly increased local capacity to implement GI by increasing the cultural competency and community awareness of an experienced GI developer; increasing the GI competency and engagement of a traditional community development corporation; and increasing the local expertise, awareness and demand for green infrastructure among residents in an Eastside Detroit neighborhood. As an outgrowth of this process, the team is planning implementation of a demonstration site across from a neighborhood school. ECN has leveraged this plan to secure an agreement from school leaders to develop curriculum around green infrastructure and to engage students and school stakeholders in maintenance of the planned site. Also as an outgrowth of this planning process, ECN applied and was selected as one of two national partners with the Institute for Sustainable Communities. Through this award, ECN will conduct more extensive education, also with Insite Design, to build resident capacity to develop independent GI projects at their homes and on vacant lots. These projects will be funded through mini-grants administered by ECN. This project demonstrates the capacity of multi-disciplinary teams to solve environmental problems, to increase cultural capital, to increase local capacity, and to build social capital in low income communities.

STRUCK, SCOTT, DR., Principal, Geosyntec Consultants Scott Struck has more than 15 years of water resources experience. His practice focuses on the planning and implementation of green stormwater infrastructure and other stormwater management approaches to meet drainage and regulatory requirements. Struck has participated in projects throughout the country. These projects often address the effectiveness of stormwater management infrastructure for CSO and MS4 stormwater control in meeting regulatory requirements such as water quality standards, volume control and hydromodification, erosion and sediment control, and TMDL compliance. Additionally, he has contributed to the development of

computational and cost tools, including the cost module of the EPA’s National Stormwater Calculator. Struck has experience working with public (municipal, county, state, and federal), private (industrial and commercial), and non-profit clients.

The Evolution of Green Infrastructure to Meet CSO Program and Long-Term Control Plan Goals As local agencies seek solutions to stormwater and combined sewer overflow (CSO) challenges, sustainable stormwater management solutions such as green stormwater infrastructure (GI) have emerged as an integral and oftentimes required part of the approach. In addition to meeting consent decree and permit requirements, GI can provide

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environmental and community benefits that grey infrastructure does not. However, typical applications of GI, such as distributed rights-of-way bioretention areas, tree boxes, and other similar practices can limit the potential impact of GI on long-term CSO volume reduction as equivalency volumes of stormwater capture to CSO mitigation volume can be substantially different. In addition, uncertainties over the commitment to long term performance and maintenance of thousands of distributed facilities have caused stormwater managers to look for new approaches while still meeting the definition and spirit of GI. This presentation will describe evolving approaches for application of GI that demonstrate a transition from more traditional rights-of-way applications towards hybrid systems that include distributed facilities (often for pretreatment) coupled with larger scale facilities for flow and volume reduction. This approach can manage volumes more efficiently (from a capital and operations and maintenance perspective) and appears to be an emerging adaptive management strategy that reflects a cost-sensitive approach in meeting permit and consent decree requirements. The presentation will provide case studies from a cross-section of CSO communities including Omaha, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Philadelphia, and New York City where various maturities of implementation and adaptive management demonstrate trends to achieve GSI benefits including newer resiliency goals. A brief examination of the governing policy and implementation examples will be shown. In each municipal case study, the developing phases of constructed or planned projects that cost-effectively advance the level of control to achieve stated GSI and CSO goals will be highlighted. An understanding of the how these communities have employed an adaptive management approach can help other CSO communities and regulators to better plan their balance of future stormwater and sewer infrastructure to cost effectively meet consent decree requirements while also providing the multi-beneficial outcomes of GI implementation.

International Stormwater BMP Database: New Tools for a Long-term Resource See Jane Clary biography.

TANGIRALA, ANIL, PE, Senior Engineer, ms consultants Anil Tangirala is a professional engineer and Certified Floodplain Manager with more than a decade of experience in water resources engineering with an emphasis on hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality modeling. Tangirala is proficient in green infrastructure planning, stormwater management and flood mitigation. He has served as a project manager and lead engineer for various municipal, state and federal projects where he conducted detailed hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality modeling for several projects involving storm flooding, sanitary sewer overflows and combined sewer overflows. Tangirala is also very proficient with riverine hydraulics and has conducted

numerous detailed hydrologic, hydraulic and sediment transport analyses for various studies in the Midwest as part of Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Map Modernization and RiskMAP program.

China's Sponge Cities Program: Market Opportunities and Lessons Learned See Kari Mackenbach biography.

TRENOUTH, BILL, Ph.D., Water Resource Specialist, Credit Valley Conservation Bill Trenouth is a Senior Water Resources Specialist at Credit Valley Conservation in Mississauga, Ontario. He works on projects related to LID performance monitoring and verification, integrated asset management and climate risk assessment. Bill is also a lead instructor with STEP’s LID Training program. Apart from CVC, Trenouth recently completed his Ph.D. at the University of Guelph in Water Resources Engineering.

Redesigning Suburbia: Using Green Infrastructure to Meet Environmental Flow Targets Preserving a dynamic flow regime, in other words the environmental flow needs, of a river or a wetland is important as it maintains its ability to function optimally and to withstand the impacts of urbanization and climate change. In Southern Ontario many streams and wetlands are facing significant challenges as a direct result of changes in the receiving hydrology, including increased runoff and changes in seasonal flow patterns. Overcoming this challenge requires the consideration of environmental flow needs in stormwater management design. Green infrastructure provides the best opportunity to meet the range of hydrologic needs of the receiving feature, including geomorphic, hydrologic, water quality and ecological requirements. Two case studies will be presented that will provide details on how to consider the environmental needs of a receiving features through the implementation of a treatment train approach to stormwater management. The first case study will provide an overview of Wychwood subdivision, which includes an infiltration trench, bioswale, rain gardens, and permeable pavement driveways to form a treatment train approach to stormwater management. These features not only provide runoff storage volume and water quality treatment but also increase the

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green space within the subdivision. Typically for residential subdivisions larger than 5 hectares an end of pipe stormwater pond is required to manage site runoff. The combination of multiple LID features within the subdivision are designed to either store or treat all stormwater throughout the entire site eliminating the need for a pond and maintaining the health of a nearby wetland. The second case study will provide an overview of a newly developed subdivision, Meadows in the Glen, which also uses a treatment train approach to managing stormwater using LID and wet ponds. Stormwater is treated at source through the use of soakaway pits, permeable driveways and sidewalks, and a bioswale. The remaining runoff is conveyed by grass swales, which allows further infiltration into the sandy native soils. The swales transport the stormwater to one of two stormwater management ponds, which provide end of pipe control before discharging to the receiving waters. This design means that Meadows in the Glen has relatively low impervious surface cover (35%) and no directly connected impervious area. For both case studies, preliminary monitoring results will be presented to demonstrate the ability for the treatment train approach in new built subdivisions to mimic pre-development hydrology.

U’REN, SARAH, Program Director, The Water Shed Center Grand Traverse Bay Sarah U’Ren has served as the Program Director for The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay (TWC) for the past 14 years. She is responsible for overseeing and coordinating all watershed projects and grant activities at TWC and has 16 years of experience in watershed project management, research, and fieldwork. She authored the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Protection Plan, specializes in beach and stormwater management and stormwater related restoration activities, and has overseen more than 60 grant funded projects in her tenure at TWC. U’Ren

earned a bachelor’s degree in Biology from Alma College and a master’s degree in Environmental Science from the University of Maryland. Protecting Public Health and Water Quality in Small Waterfront Communities Using Green Infrastructure This presentation will show how The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay (TWC) is working with small, waterfront communities to both improve water quality and protect public health at local beaches using green infrastructure techniques. The Grand Traverse Bay region, located in northwest lower Michigan, is known for its excellent natural resources and abundant beaches. However, increased development and the resulting increased stormwater runoff have caused elevated levels of harmful bacteria at some local beaches after rain events. Using funding from EPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative TWC, is working with communities in our service area to install various green infrastructure practices to reduce the amount of stormwater entering Grand Traverse Bay, which reduces the harmful bacteria carried via stormwater. Smaller municipalities often have different hurdles and goals than larger cities and municipalities, especially when it comes to maintenance and the scale of projects they can take on. Additionally, many small communities face issues with funding and managing projects on a large-scale due to budgetary and time constraints.

This presentation will share highlights from two waterfront communities TWC has worked with on Grand Traverse Bay in the villages of Suttons Bay and Northport. We will discuss common hurdles these small communities face in terms of what types of practices they can install and where, as well as the maintenance issues they face and lessons learned to date. In 2013, TWC and the Village of Suttons Bay installed 18 rain gardens and 3,600 feet of underground infiltration trenches throughout the village in an effort to infiltrate most of the stormwater originating in the village, which outlets near their two public beaches. Additionally, the village formed a ‘Friends of the Rain Gardens’ group in 2015 that consisted of volunteers who pledged to take care of the rain gardens as they became established over the next few years. TWC is seeking to replicate the success of the Suttons Bay project in the Village of Northport, another small waterfront community on Grand Traverse Bay. TWC will be working with this community to develop and install a series of green infrastructure practices in 2017 to reduce the amount of stormwater rushing down the main village street that outlets into the marina. The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay is a nonprofit organization based in Traverse City, Michigan whose mission is to advocate for clean water in Grand Traverse Bay and protect and preserve the Bay's watershed.

Utilizing Partnerships and Green Infrastructure to Restore an Impaired Urban Stream This presentation will focus on the key partnerships formed by The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay (TWC) as part of our efforts to reduce stormwater and sediment inputs to Kids Creek, an impaired urban stream in northwest lower Michigan, using green infrastructure techniques. Currently, a 2-mile portion of Kids Creek, a major tributary to the second largest subwatershed in the Grand Traverse Bay watershed, is on the State of Michigan’s Impaired Waters List due sedimentation and substrate/flow regime alteration. Sources for this pollution have been identified as relating to stormwater and include post-development erosion and sedimentation, urban runoff, and impervious surface runoff. The Kids Creek Restoration Project is focusing on installing green infrastructure and low impact development

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techniques in the urban areas of Traverse City to reduce stormwater runoff to Kids Creek. Key partnerships were formed with a local hospital, senior center, a private development, and other large landholders that enabled large-scale projects to be initiated and grant funding to be obtained to complete various projects, including daylighting 900 feet of the creek contained in underground culverts; eliminating 72,000 square-feet of impervious surfaces; and installing green roofs, underground infiltration trenches, rain gardens, pervious pavement, and more. Project funding to date totals more than $4.2 million from federal and state grants, as well as local match and private funding. The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay is a nonprofit organization based in Traverse City, Michigan whose mission is to advocate for clean water in Grand Traverse Bay and protect and preserve the Bay's watershed.

VANDER LINDEN, KYLE W., Water Resources Specialist, Credit Valley Conservation Kyle Vander Linden began his career in low impact development as a project manager in green roof construction, research and development. He later joined Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) in 2008 as a water resources specialist. At CVC, Vander Linden is responsible for the implementation of integrated water management projects such as low impact development overseeing design, construction, and operation and maintenance along with LID training. Due to the lack of wide scale adoption of green infrastructure, a topic of Vander Linden's increasing focus is on the economics and market place mechanisms to drive uptake of LID and green infrastructure. Apart from CVC, Vander Linden is a part time instructor at Redeemer University College teaching urban geography

and natural resource management.

Cash strapped? Why a new business model is needed for municipal infrastructure. Co-presenter: Bill Trenouth, Credit Valley Conservation Advances in green infrastructure (GI) such as low impact development (LID) and other treatment technologies are beginning to modernize municipal stormwater management (SWM) systems. SWM charges have eased the financial burden for municipalities and public utilities. Yet, cities still face the challenge of maintaining and replacing this ever-growing system, whether through increasing property taxes or stormwater charges. The end results, as cities continue to expand and upgrade their stormwater infrastructure, are perpetually rising costs and growing infrastructure deficits. Green infrastructure provides municipality with the flexibility to implement in public or private lands and helps address infrastructure deficit. However, low uptake of GI by private property owners in the residential and business sectors; despite the use of financial subsidies, stormwater credits or ‘feebates’, and other financial incentives; adds to the challenge of achieving sustainable stormwater infrastructure and addressing infrastructure deficit.

Market research undertaken in the City of Mississauga by Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) and its project partners identified key barriers to uptake of source-level SWM measures by private property owners. The research, which coincided with the City establishing a stormwater charge and credit program, identified the two main barriers to at-source SWM in the non-residential sector as upfront capital costs and an extended payback period on such investments. Perhaps more significantly, the research pinpointed constraints inherent in the current municipal SWM business model impeding the development of holistic, cost-effective, and adaptive SWM infrastructure. The typical business model for SWM is a “command and control” business model – a municipal or public utility, funded via charges or property taxes from private landowners, provides services through infrastructure residing primarily on public lands. Such a model dates back to the late 19th Century and remains today the primary municipal SWM business model. The proposed presentation will provide an overview of the findings from the market research with non-residential property owners, the implications for GI/LID and a discussion of the impediments to sustainable SWM infrastructure using the current municipal business model. The presentation will also discuss CVC’s current project to address the constraints identified via market research, specifically the evolution of the municipal SWM business model to incorporate market-based economic instruments and facilitate aggregation of properties or grid-scale LID.

VATTER, BRANDON, Associate, Mott MacDonald Brandon Vatter is the Integrated Water Resources Management North America Practice Leader for Mott MacDonald located in the Cincinnati, Ohio office. His work is currently focused on affordable water quality using integrated watershed management to obtain the optimum public investment to improve water quality and maximize local community benefits. Integrated Watershed Management’s focus is developing the optimum and affordable combination of green, gray and watershed-based controls to maximize water quality improvements and local community benefits to meet the various obligations of the Clean Water Act. Prior to joining Mott MacDonald, Vatter was the

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Director of Planning & Design for the Northern Kentucky Sanitation District No. 1 (SD1) helping to lead the development of integrated watershed plans. SD1 was the first Consent Decree in the country to include the development of watershed plans for regulatory compliance. Collaboration Across Boundaries to Achieve Integrated Watershed Management Co-presenters: Katherine Camp, Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Authority Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority (PWSA)—the principal water and sewer utility for Pittsburgh—has a primary vested interest in water quality improvement. PWSA is committed to working with the region’s 82 other sewershed municipalities to eliminate raw sewage and contaminated stormwater impacts to the region’s waterways. PWSA is committed to maximizing a sustainable improvement to in-stream water quality and public health at an affordable cost to the region’s ratepayers. PWSA believes that a long term pollution control plan which incorporates an Integrated Watershed Management approach working across boundaries and jurisdictions can be more cost-effective for the ratepayers and result in more water quality improvement faster. The IWM approach is based upon the principles and elements espoused in EPA’s Integrated Planning Framework. Numerous presentations by USEPA have resoundingly supported the IWM approach as more sustainable and able to provide comprehensive pollution abatement solutions, including the use of green infrastructure.

As the relationship between wet weather and in-stream water quality deterioration has been demonstrated, new mandates for water quality improvements have resulted from EPA and environmentalist legal actions. Many communities have been legally challenged to address their respective water quality impairments through major infrastructure projects—many investing billions to achieve compliance. Unfortunately, it seems that no sooner is one issue or pollutant source addressed other water quality pollutant sources and issues are raised and mandatory abatement ordered by Federal and state regulators increasing the cost of water quality compliance to the point of unaffordability for many communities.

The audience will learn how PWSA is implementing an integrated watershed water quality based strategy based on USEPA's integrated planning framework for addressing the multiple sources of pollution and multiple CWA obligations. The audience will learn how PWSA is successfully working with the local municipalities and collaborating across boundaries to develop an affordable combination of gray, green, and watershed-based controls to maximize improvement to water quality, watershed health, and the local communities.

VEGLIO, ALEXANDRA, Water Resources Technician, Credit Valley Conservation Alexandra Veglio graduated from the Environmental Management and Earth Sciences Program at the University of Toronto and the Outdoor Education program at Humber College. At Credit Valley Conservation (CVC), her responsibilities include implementing and monitoring stormwater and low impact development projects, data analysis and reporting. Veglio is currently focusing on the maintenance aspects and life-cycle monitoring of low impact development technologies.

Green Infrastructure on Public Lands: Maintenance through Monitoring to Ensure Long-Term Performance Public lands constitute a significant portion of the total municipal portfolio and account for much of the green space in our communities. These spaces are ideal for implementing green infrastructure, including low impact development (LID) features. Using the principles of LID to re-establish natural hydrologic processes, public lands can help to reverse the impacts of traditional urban development; small changes across multiple sites can add up to big benefits. There are a number of bioretention facilities located on public lands within the Credit River watershed. As a part of Credit Valley Conservation’s (CVC’s) Low Impact Development Certification Protocols, staff have been continuously monitoring water levels at these sites to ensure these features are functioning as designed. To inform life-cycle costing concerns, site condition inspections are regularly conducted, and interviews with property managers have been instrumental in gathering detailed information related to specific maintenance tasks, their frequency and cost. Since each public lands LID feature was uniquely designed and constructed according to site-specific goals and constraints, adaptable monitoring approaches are required to answer the important questions surrounding long-term operation, maintenance and performance. Site performance results, long-term trends, inspection methods, challenges and lessons learned will be presented.

Assessing the Performance of Green Infrastructure on Corporate Grounds Low impact development (LID) green infrastructure is crucial for water quality protection by limiting pollutant loading and stream protection by reducing peak flows/erosion. Credit Valley Conservation (CVC), in conjunction with its partners, is a recognized leader in LID implementation, monitoring and performance verification. Office buildings and

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their associated parking lots account for a substantial amount of impervious area, making these locations ideal areas for implementing LID. As Mississauga has recently introduced a stormwater charge and an associated credit program, there is an additional financial incentive for LID installation. Two of CVC’s demonstration sites are offices, IMAX and CVC’s Head Office. IMAX is a parking lot retrofit with six separate LID systems within the parking lot area: three permeable pavement systems and three bioretention systems. The IMAX site also contains treatment trains and the use of proprietary green infrastructure technology such at the Jellyfish® Filter and Sorbtive® Media filtration intended to remove TSS and dissolved phosphorus, respectively. Performance monitoring results from these sites show that they are providing a high level of service when compared to stormwater management criteria. The differences in performance results between the sites due to the different LID technologies will be discussed. CVC’s Head Office provides an additional example of the types of LID practices that can be installed in a typical commercial location, and includes two permeable parking lots and a rainwater harvesting system. The permeable lot reduces stormwater volumes and reduces the load of a number of pollutants, with both total rainfall and rainfall intensity the primary determinants of overall performance. The rainwater harvesting tank has allowed CVC to reduce its municipal potable water usage while retaining stormwater on-site. The performance results and challenges from IMAX and CVC’s Head Office will be discussed in the context of the Mississauga Stormwater Charge Credit Program. The research findings will also be used to inform guidance on design, operation and the effectiveness of green infrastructure technology.

WALTERS, MIKE, Chief Administrative Officer, Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSCRA) Mike Walters has over 30 years of operational and leadership experience. He is an honours geography graduate from the Western University, has earned a master’s certificate in business analysis from the Schulich School of Business and is a level 3 certified municipal manager. Since 1984, Walters has developed LSRCA’s science, research, stewardship and environmental programs and services.

Lake Simcoe "Zero Export" and Stormwater Phosphorus Offset Program See Mark Kieser biography.

Implementing a Strategy to Improve Stormwater Management in the Lake Simcoe Watershed, Ontario, Canada In 2010 the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA) undertook a study to monitor the effectiveness of the current stormwater practices used within the Lake Simcoe watershed. The study concluded that current methods employing end of pipe stormwater controls were ineffective at meeting water quality and quantity targets. This prompted a review of stormwater management policies with the intent to develop a new stormwater control strategy specific to the Lake Simcoe watershed. One component of the strategy involved a voluntary market transformation program entitled “RainScaping” focused on promoting the adoption of better site design practices for new development with the intent to create new stormwater policy. The RainScaping brand was also be used to promote a program to partner with member municipalities to retrofit uncontrolled urban areas using low impact development. The RainScaping program has been successful due to its collaborative approach with the creation of new better site design policies which involve the LSRCA working with the development industry and municipalities to implement better site design on subdivision and site plans. In addition more than twenty stormwater retrofits have been completed or are underway on public lands and private lands. The following paper presentation focuses on the Lake Simcoe experience to transfer knowledge to other jurisdictions and highlight lessons learned.

WARNERS, DAVID, Ph.D., Professor, Calvin College David Warners holds a BS in Biology/Chemistry from Calvin College, a MS in Environmental Science - Land Resources from the Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a PhD in Botany, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology program from the University of Michigan.

Developing Youth Leadership for Green Infrastructure See Gail Gunst Heffner biography.

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WASSINK, DEANE, President, Olde Paths, Inc. After seven years as an elementary teacher, Deane Wassink founded Olde Paths, Inc. to propogate and sell perennial flowers in the wholesale industry along with managing several garden centers. Deane has been selling dunegrass for over 20 years. During this time his innovative marketing and planting techniques have made Olde Paths, Inc. a primary source for dunegrass all around the Great Lakes and the Atlantic coast. Through his consulting services he has greatly expanded the understanding and use of dunegrass as an erosion plant and alternative landscape. Deane also is a leader in using his landscape firm to be a stepping stone for workers who have difficulty entering

the job market due to past criminal records and work history.

Dunegrass: A true low maintenance alternative landscape plant. A description of dunegrass (amophila breviligulata): A native plant growing all over the state-- and especially on the coasts. This presentation will discuss how it grows, its life cycle, and what it needs to thrive, including how it is propagated, how it multiplies, how it is divided, and how it is planted. It will also discuss costs both short term and long term and why it is a great low maintenance alternative: Requirements in a landscape: sand; it doesn’t need mowing, weekly care, or additional watering. What it does need: An alternative mindset, an eye for natural beauty, and Maintenance ideas. The presentation will cover how dune grass helps the environment, its uses such as erosion control and great wildlife habitat along with comparable trees, shrubs and flowers.

WEISS, PETER, PE, Professor of Civil Engineering, Valparaiso University Peter Weiss is a registered professional engineer in the state of Indiana whose research interests include the construction and maintenance costs of stormwater treatment practices and optimizing stormwater treatment practice performance. He has over 13 years of experience in the area of stormwater management and has authored or co-authored several papers on stormwater management and is the co-author of the book "Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance."

Permeable Pavements: Lessons Learned from Practice and Research Permeable pavement can reduce stormwater runoff volumes and improve runoff quality, yet the key to a successful, long-term permeable pavement installation and other impacts the pavement system may have are not common knowledge. Based on an extensive literature review, this presentation summarizes lessons learned from both practice and research and presents information that can help ensure a successful project. It also discusses key points related to the performance of permeable pavement with respect to infiltration, water quality improvement, and winter performance.

WILLIAMS, CHRISTY, Senior Environmental Planner, Tetra Tech, Inc. During her 23 year career, Christy Williams has conducted many green infrastructure code and ordinance reviews for municipalities such as Dallas, TX, Detroit, MI, and Tampa, FL. Williams has also assisted numerous localities with the revision and/or development of new local regulations to allow, support, incentivize and allow green infrastructure practices. She has helped municipalities assess green infrastructure financing options and develop private property green infrastructure incentive programs. She has coordinated and facilitated many workshops and charrettes to help

locality staff and community stakeholders understand the benefits of green infrastructure and help to select and/or design practices most suited to achieve community-developed objectives such as stormwater management, public health improvement, climate change resiliency, heat island reduction, and water conservation. Finally, Williams has conducted audits of more than 70 MS4 permitees around the country, written numerous MS4 permits and co-authored national MS4 permit writer and audit guidance for USEPA.

Institutionalizing Creative Green Infrastructure Opportunities

WILLIAMS, LISA, DR., Contaminants Specialist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dr. Lisa Williams received her BA from Bradley University and her MS and PhD in Fisheries & Wildlife / Environmental Toxicology from Michigan State University. Williams has worked as specialist in contaminants and natural resource damage assessment for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 1993. In that time, much of her work has centered around the Great Lakes and freshwater river systems contaminated by PCBs and other persistent contaminants, but

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she has also worked on significant oil spills and a variety of contaminant issues related to National Wildlife Refuges, threatened and endangered species, and migratory birds.

Natural Resource Damage Assessments Lead to Habitat Restorations with Green Infrastructure Benefits Successful Natural Resource Damage Assessments (NRDAs) result in restoration of natural resources following releases of oil and hazardous substances. The parties responsible for the releases are required to conduct habitat restoration or provide funding to public agencies or tribes to do so. Across the Great Lakes region, NRDA restorations have been used to benefit the natural resources originally injured by the oil or hazardous substances, and those restorations have often resulted in increased flood capacity, improved water quality, habitat connectivity and recreational opportunities in both rural and more urban settings. Often, Trustees for NRDA look to local and regional planning efforts that include green infrastructure concepts in order to identify projects that meet NRDA restoration criteria also. In Michigan, NRDA restorations have included restoration of Great Lakes coastal wetlands, aquatic barrier removals, and riparian corridor restoration. In Ohio, additional restoration of Great Lakes coastal wetlands is planned along with restoration of a wetland within the City of Toledo. In Wisconsin, the Fox River Natural Resource Trustees have been implementing a very large restoration program that supports green infrastructure projects that are preserving land, softening shorelines, and restoring stream channels. The Trustees often work in tandem with local partners to implement projects that add resiliency to the landscape.

WINSTON, RYAN, DR., Research Scientist, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University For the past decade, Dr. Ryan Winston’s research has focused on hydrologic and water quality improvements provided by Low Impact Development (LID) strategies, with particular interests in bioretention, permeable pavement, and highway runoff management. Winston has managed several green street retrofit projects, where LID strategies were employed, focused on abatement of runoff and improvement of stormwater quality. Recently, much of his work is related to utilizing Low

Impact Development to reduce combined sewer overflows. Over the past ten years, Winston has published 25 peer-reviewed journal articles, instructed several college courses, and taught over 85 workshops related to stormwater management to professionals. Winston is a Professional Engineer (P.E.) in both Ohio and North Carolina.

Retrofitting a Neighborhood for CSO Mitigation: The Blueprint Columbus Experience Degraded water quality in cities is often directly linked to stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces. Apart from its inherent degraded quality, this runoff also causes combined sewer overflows (CSO) due to overtaxed sewers during rainfall events, resulting in the release of untreated sewage to nearby water bodies. Cities across the Great Lakes region are challenged to control stormwater runoff within their existing urban footprint. Green infrastructure techniques are often touted for their ability to reduce runoff volume, but their implementation in street rights-of-way is mired with challenges, including structural, utilities, traffic and pedestrian safety, etc. A recent green street study located in Wilmington, North Carolina, focused on a retrofitted street (two bioretention cells, two permeable pavements, and two tree box filters) and a nearby control street (no treatment). Through a paired watershed approach with calibration and treatment monitoring periods, it was shown that substantial and significant pollutant load reduction occurred for most pollutants (49% for total nitrogen, 54% for orthophosphorus 72% for total phosphorus, 91% for total suspended solids, and >50% for Cu, Pb, and Zn). Runoff volume and peak flow rate were 52% and 28% less, respectively, from the LID street vis-à-vis the control street. These results were quite promising; however, this study was located in a watershed with very low slopes and sandy soils, differing substantially from typical conditions in the Great Lakes region. The Columbus Blueprint project is a 7 year effort to characterize watershed scale impacts of green infrastructure retrofits in the right-of-way (i.e., bioretention and permeable pavement) across disciplines: hydrology, water quality, ecological engineering, economics (e.g., property values), and social science (e.g., community acceptance). In all, about hundreds of bioretention cells and several miles of residential street permeable pavement will be installed in the Clintonville neighborhood of Columbus, OH. Four watersheds, less than 1 mi2, have been instrumented to collect wet and dry weather hydrologic and water quality data, including a control watershed and three watersheds that will receive various levels of green infrastructure treatment. This monitoring will quantify pollutant loading reduction within the Clintonville neighborhood from large-scale bioretention and permeable pavement installation. We will share lessons learned during the construction process, as construction began on the first green infrastructure retrofits this week. Results from this study will provide a litmus test for other communities across the Great Lakes region with respect to implementation, maintenance, and resulting benefits of the installation of green infrastructure stormwater controls on a watershed-scale.

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Bioretention and Permeable Pavement Resiliency under Future Climate Scenarios in Northern Ohio Quantifying the expected impacts of climate change on stormwater infrastructure is crucial to building resilience into urban drainage systems but has been largely unexplored. Calibrated DRAINMOD models were utilized to assess the hydrologic performance of two bioretention cells and three permeable pavement systems in Northern Ohio under current (2001-2004) and mid-century (2055-2059) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). The DRAINMOD models were simulated with high-resolution, dynamically downscaled rainfall and temperature data to quantify the water balance (inflow, drainage, surface runoff, exfiltration/evaporation) for each stormwater control measure (SCM). For coastal Ohio, the data suggested climate change would have modest impacts, with similar or lower annual average rainfall depths, longer dry periods, and 3-5˚C increases in mean daily temperatures under future climate scenarios. Subsequently, changes to the overall water balance of the bioretention cells and permeable pavements were modest and did not vary by more than 10% for any water balance fate. Volume reduction provided by the bioretention cells was predicted to either increase by 4-5% (Holden Arboretum) or decrease by 4-8% (Ursuline College) under future climate. In all modeled cases, overflow and ET increased as a percentage of the water balance. To maintain current volumes of overflow in future climate scenarios, the bowl storage volume needed to be increased up to 51%. Overflow percentage (e.g., limiting overflow to be no greater than the current climate percentage of overflow) and volume of exfiltration+ET (e.g. matching the amount of volume reduction under future climate to current climate) were two other metrics utilized to examine climate resilience. Analysis of bioretention design alternatives showed that meeting these metrics required divergent modifications to bioretention cells. Thus, regulators may have to choose which metric is more appropriate for their jurisdiction. Results from this analysis suggest current bioretention designs may need modest to major modifications to be resilient to climate change depending on the metric used to assess resilience; however, proper design, installation, and long-term maintenance are perhaps just as important in bioretention functionality as planning for climate change. Volume reduction provided by the permeable pavements was predicted to either increase by 2 – 6% [Willoughby Hills (Small and Large)] or decrease by 8% [Perkins Township]. Surface runoff increased as a percentage of the water balance at the Perkins Township site by 5 – 7% but remained similar at Willoughby Hills. To ensure the volume of surface runoff under future climate scenarios remained the same as current conditions, up to 70% of the drainage area at Perkins Township would need to be re-routed to another stormwater control or retrofitted with more permeable pavement. However, the ratio of drainage area to permeable pavement area of all the systems exceeded the standard design guidance in Ohio (2:1 run-on ratio). Results indicated that were the permeable pavements constructed within the standard design, only marginal changes would be needed to maintain resiliency to climate change. Similar analyses of SCM functionality should be conducted in other regions where predicted changes to precipitation patterns are more pronounced.

WOLF, KATHLEEN, DR., Research Social Scientist, College of the Environment, University of Washington Kathleen Wolf is a key collaborator with the US Forest Service Pacific NW Research Station in the development of a program on Urban Natural Resources Stewardship. Her studies are based on the principles of environmental psychology; her professional mission is to discover, understand and communicate human behavior and benefits, as people experience nature in cities and towns. She is also interested in how scientific information can be integrated into local government policy and planning. An overview of Wolf's research programs can be found at www.naturewithin.info;

additional research findings on Green Cities: Good Health: www.greenhealth.washington.edu

Co-Design for Human Health Co-Benefits: Expanding GSI Strategies Local governments are increasingly seeking innovative, systems-based approaches to address multiple concerns or challenges within their communities. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) strategies can upgrade urban landscapes in mutiple ways to manage urban water, including surface water quality and ground water recharge. Other significant contributions to human health and economic revitalization are possible. Land and landscapes in many cities and towns are limited resources and they must be ‘multi-tasking’ to optimize functions and benefits. This presentation will focus on the co-benefits that are possible if GSI installations incorporate multi-purpose designs. Nearby nature and urban ecosystems within cities and towns include all ecological, cultural, and engineered green spaces, such as (but not limited to) parks, open spaces, community gardens, and the urban forest - collectively termed metro nature. These amenities and spaces, located on both public and private properties, are potential GSI facilities. The environmental services offered by GSI are important yet nearly 40 years of research across social disciplines (such as psychology, sociology, urban planning, and public health) demonstrates a broad array of health and well-being benefits associated with the human experience of metro nature. The Green Cities: Good Health web site (www.greenhealth.washington.edu) presents concise summaries representing more than 4,000 (mostly peer reviewed) publications about social and health benefits gained from human interactions with nearby nature in cities. This knowledge is profoundly important as

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benefits include stress reduction, healing and therapy, better learning and work productivity, and improved social cohesion in communities. Recent research has translated such findings to economic values, suggesting that the provision of quality, small scale nature experiences can offset high public health costs through health promotion and disease prevention. Overall, the science of health benefits and economic values have broad implications, from support of individuals, to community cohesion, to local budgets and programs. In addition, some local governments have consent decrees with federal or state agencies that mandate clean water and co-benefits, so attention to human health outcomes could be a key strategy. The presentation will start with an introduction to the extensive evidence of human health and well-being benefits derived from metro nature. It will then turn to translating health and well-being evidence into GSI planning and design guidelines that promote multi-function outcomes. A brief overview of a case study in King County, WA will be shared. Finally, the talk will explore how a co-benefits emphasis can promote expanded collaborations with diverse partners, such as school officials, social services providers, and public health professionals.

WOZNIAK, GARY, President and CEO, Recovery Park Gary Wozniak has spent his entire career in the financial arena. With 30+ years of hands on consulting, training and leadership experience he has helped many companies achieve economic success. In addition, Gary has owned several business ventures from restaurants to the health care arena. As the lead author of the RecoveryPark project in Detroit, Gary has brought together a coalition of 125+ government, education, non-profit and for-profit entities to vision a community development and large-scale metropolitan agriculture project. RecoveryPark is poised to define what “triple bottom line” urban projects will model themselves after in the coming years.

RecoveryPark Public Private Partnerships in GLRI Green Infrastructure Project See Dan Carroll biography.

WYCKOFF, MARK, Professor, Michigan State University Mark Wyckoff currently serves as Interim Director of the Land Policy Institute and Director of the Planning & Zoning Center at Michigan State University. He is a community planner with 42 years of experience (24 years running a private sector consulting business) and is a Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners. Wyckoff’s research interests include: legacy cities, green infrastructure management, intergovernmental service delivery and consolidation, regional economic development, and place and placemaking, among others; and often works alongside communities to address pressing issues in these areas. He is the author of many best practices guidebooks and training programs for local government officials and various stakeholder groups. He has published in journals of law, planning and real estate and is a frequent speaker on a wide range of issues related to his research interests. Integrating Sewer Infrastructure Management and Vacant Land Management in Legacy Cities Co-presenter: Mohammed El-Gafy The depopulation of large American cities, especially those that once specialized in heavy industry, often called “legacy cities,” has led to two main land use problems. First, tax bases have shrunk dramatically, but local government must maintain public services designed for a much larger population. Second, vacant and abandoned structures create opportunities for illicit activity and destroy the value of surrounding property while requiring additional public services. This cycle of blight then abandonment creates a critical situation for local governments, but it also presents a unique opportunity for developing interdisciplinary strategies that address these dual challenges. Saginaw is one of many legacy cities in Michigan and the Midwest that faces growing blight, property vacancy, infrastructure dilapidation and hence a struggling tax base, and all of the negative socioeconomic factors that both result from and feed back into this downward spiral.

Various methods of infrastructure and land repurposing have been proposed. The reality in a legacy city, is that limited resources leave public works departments operating on a reactionary approach, only responding to infrastructure emergencies. It is challenging to adopt a proactive approach that upgrades and provides preventative maintenance in the places that support the largest populations under these conditions. In addition, without knowledge about future land use plans for the city, they may be repairing infrastructure that services very few people, rather than identifying innovative approaches to maintain public service in more cost effective ways.

Infrastructure repurposing and land repurposing can be achieved through empirical methods that integrate underground infrastructure asset management processes with surface local land use planning to optimize their respective effectiveness. The session will present the results of an effort to assess the feasibility and applicability of this innovative approach to address issues of vacant properties and inadequate sewer infrastructure systems that targeted Saginaw, MI, as a case study. The project team used a new land use plan for the Green Zone in Saginaw as

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the basis for identifying potential changes to the sewer system that could reduce its size without undermining sewer system integrity. Both a computer model and a human decision model were created to identify and evaluate alternative options. The project team then worked with key stakeholders in order to ensure that the resulting optimization model is designed in an easily understandable format for sewer system providers and land use planners to utilize. The outcome of this effort was proof of methods that could be used in other legacy cities to provide immediate assistance to community leaders with more effectively implementing integrated asset management and local land use planning. It is expected that as a result of this innovative approach, policy makers will be better informed on the implications of land use options in the context of water infrastructure management, and vice versa.

YOCCA, DAVID, Principal Landscape Architect/Planner, Conservation Design Forum David Yocca oversees the landscape architecture and planning disciplines at Conservation Design Forum, and has served a significant leadership role in a wide array of sustainable planning and design efforts. Part of his focus is on the measurement and improvement of the ecological, economic, and social performance of places. He strives to find holistic, mutually beneficial solutions to complex social, economic, and practical problems that are obstacles to the creation of healthy, functional, inspirational places. Yocca’s focus on performance-based landscapes has guided him to

serve on boards and committees of similarly aligned organizations, including SITES and the Green Infrastructure Foundation, where he is helping to promote the widespread integration of living systems in built and restored landscapes.

Keep It on the Roof: Designing Green Roofs for Maximum Stormwater Performance Green roofs are a recognized stormwater management tool, and are unique in that they manage stormwater on what would otherwise be 'wasted' impervious surfaces. However, green roofs vary significantly in design and application, and these variations can lead to significant differences in stormwater management performance. This presentation draws from research and professional practice to provide a comprehensive overview on the variables involved in stormwater performance on green roofs. Increasing growing media depth and pore space provides for greater water storage capabilities. Increasing plant density and optimizing plant selection increases evapotranspiration, which removes moisture from the growing media and 'recharges' the stormwater storage capabilities of the green roof. Using a water storage layer, or integrating a green roof with a cistern allows for the use of captured rainwater to maintain lush vegetation without irrigation, while also reducing or eliminating runoff.

Designing for stormwater performance can help obtain LEED credits (Which are awarded when a project can manage runoff for the 95th or 98th percentile rain events for their location), or obtain funds from municipal grant or incentive programs (New York City and Washington D.C. provide grants or rebate when 1" and 1.2" respectively are managed). Understanding how to design for performance can help policy makers and utilities better craft policies and incentive programs for green roofs.

The Green Infrastructure Foundation, a charitable organization affiliated with Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, is developing the Living Architecture Performance Tool to establish guidelines and standards for living architecture performance, with a particular focus on stormwater performance. This presentation will also explore how standardizing performance can help simplify designing for performance, as well as establishing policy for performance.

Green Infrastructure Solutions for the Great Lakes – How Iowa is Capitalizing on GI The State of Iowa is now home to some of the most innovative applications of high-performance green infrastructure (GI) practices in the nation. The city of Detroit and all urban areas throughout the Great Lakes watershed can benefit from an understanding of the accelerated rate of green infrastructure being realized in Iowa. Iowa leadership have embraced green infrastructure as a key strategy towards a robust economy, improvement of the environment, and a better quality of life to attract and retain residents and new investment. A range of programs, incentives, and policies have been put in place over the past decade that have advanced infiltration-based GI practices in commercial corridors, affordable housing development, streetscapes, neighborhoods, and entire towns. The talk will be illustrated with examples throughout Iowa; comparisons between Iowa communities and those in the Great Lakes watershed will be an undercurrent of the presentation:

• The Iowa Economic Development Authority has adopted Green Street Criteria that now requires projects receiving certain types of public funding to use GI to infiltrate rainwater on-site, improve energy performance, and other objectives. The IEDA provides technical assistance to help incorporate GI practices into various projects. In the past eight years of the program, dozens of projects have deployed green roofs, permeable pavement, bio-retention, and other practices.

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• The downtown historic residential district of Charles City was suffering from crumbling streets and storm sewers, nuisance ponding and severe flooding along the Cedar River in the heart of the city. Following a detailed study, the city decided to renovate over 20 city blocks with permeable unit pavers and bioretention, providing more durable pavement, eliminating nuisance ponding, and reducing flooding dramatically. Runoff is completely infiltrated for the 2-year storm; peak discharges for the 10-year storm are reduced by over 90%.

• The Iowa Green Streets Project Demonstration in West Union, completed in 2012, began with an integrated design approach to identify community sustainability/livability goals. The result led to the complete renovation of six downtown blocks with new water, storm and sanitary sewer infrastructure, permeable street and sidewalk pavements, bioretention rain gardens, and added a geothermal-sourced district heating and cooling system. Incorporation of local art and craft beautifies the downtown, enhances economic vitality, and increases energy independence, while reducing runoff and improving water quality.

• The City of Storm Lake is located on the shores of a large glacial lake, and is committed to treating all water—stormwater, wastewater and drinking water — as a resource and amenity. Storm Lake recently completed, with assistance from the IEDA and a consultant team, a first of its kind Green Infrastructure Plan for Water, which has become a template statewide

The plan outlines GI strategies as well as tile drainage bio-reactors and other agricultural best management practices and illustrates how they can be employed on sites throughout the City. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the expected pollutant load and stormwater volume reduction that should result from implementing the measures city-wide. The community has completed or is completing approximately a dozen different stormwater projects already.

ZIMMER, CHRISTINE, Senior Manager of Water and Climate Change Risk Sciences, Credit Valley Conservation Christine Zimmer is recognized as an expert in watershed management and green infrastructure working with over 75 private and public sector partners, raising over $ 3.6 million dollars to implement and monitor over 25 green infrastructure demonstration sites. Zimmer is committed to sharing research and technologies, leading 37 conferences reaching over 6,000 professionals, writing 42 publications including a chapter in the 2012 Great Lakes Great Responsibilities textbook titled “Lessons Learned from Implementing Low Impact Development in the Credit River Watershed.” Zimmer has been recognized both nationally and internationally with seven awards,

including the Minister of Environments Award for Environmental Excellence, 15 radio and television interviews.

Challenges and Opportunities to Scaling Green Infrastructure Regionally See Victoria Pebbles biography.

Myth Busting LID: Demonstration Sites Help Overcome Barriers to Wide-Scale Adoption In 2008 CVC and member municipalities signed a Watershed Charter expressing the importance of the Credit River and the need to adopt LID in both new developments and existing urban areas. This Charter launched CVC’s LID program with over $4 million in partner funding and 75 private/public partners, which saw the installation of more than 40 innovative stormwater management sites. CVC currently monitors 17 LID demonstration sites for the purposes of long-term performance and maintenance verification. Information on the frequency, timing, and cost of associated maintenance activities has also been collected on an ongoing basis in an effort to develop improved O&M inspection checklists, refine estimates related to the lifecycle costs of owning such facilities and to provide insight into the return on investment (ROI) for various LID features. This session will highlight CVC and partners’ journey overcoming barriers and filling information gaps with the tools and guidance documents that CVC has developed.