Please pick up a marker & the readings from the back table (class sets) Please get out your Period 4 maps. Todays Agenda APQ Map2 Rise of Maritime Empires Impact of Maritime Empires HMWK- Read Chapter 14 & complete Key Points. APQ14 on Friday 1/15 (A-Day) & Tuesday 1/19 (B-Day). Todays Agenda APQ Map2 Rise of Maritime Empires Impact of Maritime Empires HMWK- Read Chapter 14 & complete Key Points. APQ14 on Friday 1/15 (A-Day) & Tuesday 1/19 (B-Day). Exploration GOD GOD Spread Catholicism Spaniards uniquely qualified- Why? GLORY GLORY Desire for wealth and personal advancement Export the troublesome nobility Export the troublesome nobility GOLD GOLD Wealth- of the State, and personal gain Exploration Nows where we take notes Portugal Henry the Navigator New route to India Da Gama Encouraged high- seas travelportugal-became-the-first-global-sea- power/ Spain The Reconquista Columbus The New World Exploration, Expansion, & Colonization The Treaty of Tordesillas(1494) Pope Alexander VI (Spaniard) Magellan (Spain) 1519 Exploration &Conquest Conquistadores Cortes & the Aztecs (1519) Disloyalty of Aztec allies Smallpox Pizarro & the Inca (1540) Inca civil war (Atahualpa & room of gold, conversion and strangulation) How does the Catholic (Spanish) interaction and treatment of the native populations compare to the Protestant (Dutch) treatment of native populations in the Americas? France commissions Northwest Passage to India St. Lawrence River- Jacques Cartier Dutch East India Co Hudson River- Henry Hudson England Newfoundland- John Cabot 1560s- commission Northwest Passage to India 1580s- Chesapeake Bay & Virginia- Sir Walter Raleigh Pope Alexander VI Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 WHAT IS Mercantilism? Mercantilism? An economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies.An economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies. The Colombian Exchange & Triangular Trade What was traded. The pattern of trade From the Americas (aka; the New World) Beans, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, chilis, chocolate, maize, potatoes, avocados, pineapple, syphillis, tobacco, From the Eastern Hemisphere (aka; the Old World) Wheat, olives, grapes, bananas, rice, citrus fruits, melons, Slaves, figs, sugar, coconuts, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits, rats, smallpox, Smallpox What was traded Triangular Trade The Pattern of trade in the Atlantic The Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Trinkets Liquor GUNS Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Slave Ship Middle Passage Coffin Position Below Deck African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships! What impact did the Atlantic Slave Trade have on West Africa and the Americas West Africa Strong trade kingdoms like Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, Kongo and Asante emerged as suppliers of slaves and gold to the Europeans. (hence the Gold Coast of Africa) In exchange for slaves rulers in West Africa received muskets and gunpowder which helped them to consolidate power. Iberian Colonial Organization The Spanish established Two Centers of Authority; Mexico and Peru, later divided in to four Viceroyalties and the Audiencia of Chile Viceroys were the Kings representative in the New World; Viceroyalty of New Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of La Plata Iberian Colonial Organization, continued Each Viceroyalty operated independently Government set up in urban areas Until the 17 th c. almost all officials were peninsulares Creoles (heritage suspect) Many Catholic Priests arrived with the Conquistadores Jesuits- conversion Franciscans- ministering and nursing the poor Colonial Economy in Latin America Spanish: Encomienda Encomenderos could force natives to work in silver mines or fields- in return they were responsible for their well-being and Christianization Mita Labor obligation: 1/7 th of the adult male Amerindians to work at any given time for 2-4 months. Breakdown of labor system Mass deaths of workers Importation of African Slaves Economy & Silver Silver Mines- a mixed blessing for the Spanish VALUABLE on the Global market HUGE quantities in the new World Galleons subject to attack from Pirates and foreign Men o War Silver that arrives in Spain: Went to pay for religious wars Went to buy luxury and manufactured goods What productive activity did the newfound wealth not contribute to? Inflation Other Social Groups created by Colonization Miscegination Few women came over from Spain and Portugal, so many soldiers took native wives. European + Amerindian = Mestizo Once African slaves were introduced another dimension for social distinctions was added European + African = Mulatto Together with Mestizos, Mulattos composed the Castas; a middle-level status between Europeans at the top, and Amerindians and Africans at the bottom. Conclusion Most European monarchs sought to increase their power by limiting that of the nobles- often by exporting them to the New World. Most European monarchs sought to increase their power by limiting that of the nobles- often by exporting them to the New World. The New World was claimed by the kingdoms of Europe and were the cause of great competition. (mercantilism) The New World was claimed by the kingdoms of Europe and were the cause of great competition. (mercantilism) This competition was carried on the backs of indigenous and later, imported forced-labor (coercive labor system) This competition was carried on the backs of indigenous and later, imported forced-labor (coercive labor system)