Plc example presentation
-
Upload
roshit-kadiru -
Category
Technology
-
view
577 -
download
2
Transcript of Plc example presentation
Presentation OnProgrammable Logic Controller
(PLC)By: -ROSHIT KADIRU7TH SEM EE
What Is Programmable Logic Controller?
A programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures.
• Cost effective for controlling complex systems.• Flexible and can be reapplied to
control other systems quickly and easily.
• Computational abilities allow more sophisticated control.• Trouble shooting aids make
programming easier and reduce downtime.
• Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
• Small physical size, so shorter project time.•Ease in documentation.
Advantages of PLC
Architecture of PLC
Input Module
Output
Module
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Power Supply
Program-ming
Device
Push Button
Push Button
Light
Programming Device
Architecture of PLCInput Module : It senses the presence or absences of an input signal at each of its input terminal.
Output Module : The output module operates the opposite manner from the input signal. A DC signal from the CPU is converted through each module section to a usable output voltage.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) : It is the brain of every computer. CPU carries out arithmetic and logical operations.
Programming Device : A programming device is a computer in which programming is done and then by using data cables the program is downloaded into the PLC. For connecting to the PLC “RC-232C” cable is used.
RS-232C Cable
Scan Cycle of PLC
Read input
Run Program
Adjusts output
The Scan is a continuous
and sequential
process
• There are three types of PLC.1. Unitary PLC
Types Of PLC
2. Modular PLC
3. Rack Mounted PLC :
It contains every feature of a basic system in one box. They are attached to the machine being controlled.
Advantages:1. Less scanning time2. Fixed versions are usually small, have
less memory so cost in less .3. Less troubleshooting time so less
downtime. Disadvantages :1. A limited number of inputs and
outputs.2. It is not suited for future expansion.3. If part of the unit fails, it will take much
time and effort to repair, and the entire unit may need replacing.
Unitary PLC
It s a range of modules that slot together to build up a system. The basic are the power supply, the main module containing the CPU, the input and output module.
Advantages:1. Great flexibility in choice of modules. Modules
can be easily installed or removed without affecting other modules
2. The main advantage is that more Input and output terminals can be expanded.
Disadvantages :1. Scanning time increases with the increase in
input and output modules.
Modular PLC
This is similar concept to the modular design but the modules are on standard cards that slot into a standard rack inside a cabinet. These are flexible and allow expansion of the system.
Rack Mounted PLC
What happens when line voltage comes in contact with the low
voltage DC section of PLC?
6
5 4
3
2
18
7
Relay Coil
NO
NC
NO
NC
24 V
230 V
Plug in base of relay
PLC
What Happens Then????
What Happens if the wires are wrongly
connected
What happens when line voltage comes in contact with the low
voltage DC section of PLC?
6
5 4
3
2
18
7
Relay Coil
NO
NC
NO
NC
24 V
230 V
Plug in base of Relay
PLC
Optical Isolation
It means there is no actual electrical connection between the input device and the processor. This eliminates any possibility of the input line voltage from coming in contact with and damaging the low voltage DC section of the processor. It prevents any unwanted voltage from the i/o section of the processor.
OFF
Micro -Processo
r
Input Signal
1
+5 V
Push Button
Photoelectric Switch
Working of Optical Isolation
LED
Programming Languages of PLC
There are “5” programming Languages in PLC
1. Ladder Diagram (LD)
2. Functional Block Diagram
(FBD)
3. Structured Text (ST)
4. Instruction List (IL)
5. Sequential Function Chart
(SFC)
Ladder Diagram (LD)
It is a graphical programming language. It is programmed with simple contacts that simulated the opening and closing of relays it has been expanded to include function such as counters, timers, shift registers and math operation.
Ladder Diagram (LD)Contacts and coilsExamine if closed
Examine if open
It works as normally open switch in a ladder program. If it is ON, the contact will close and allow power (logic) to flow from left to right. If the status is OFF (logical 0), the contact is Open, power (logic) will NOT flow from left to right. It works as normally closed switch in a ladder program, and it works exactly opposite to that of the examine if closed.
Normally open coilThis can be used to represent any discrete output from the control logic. When "solved" if the logic to the left of the coil is TRUE, the referenced output is ON (logical 1).
Ladder Diagram (LD)Timer
•The Timer On Delay instruction begins to count time base intervals when rung conditions become true. As long as rung conditions remain true, the timer adjust its accumulated value (ACC) each evaluation until it reaches the preset value (PRE). The accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go false, regardless of whether the timer has timed out.
Timer On DelayTimer T4:1Time Base 1.0Preset 100Accum 0
TON
(
(
(
(EN
DN
Ladder Diagram (LD)Counter
•Increments the accumulated value at each false to true transition and retains the accumulated value when the instruction goes false or when power cycle occurs.•The CTU is an instruction that counts false to true transition. When this transition happens the accumulated value is incremented by one count.•A CTU accumulation is reset by the RES instruction.
Count UpCounter C3:0Preset 10Accum 0
CTU
(
(
(
(
CU
DN
AND operation using Ladder Diagram (LD)
(
(
Switch 1 Switch 2 Light
Switch 1 Switch 2
OFF OFF
Light
Switch 1
Switch 2
Output
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 1
Truth Table
Example of Forward and Reverse motor starter
Example’s Ladder Diagram (LD)
Example’s Ladder Diagram (LD)
(
(
((
M1
M2
Forward
M1
M1
M2
Reverse
Stop
M2
Normally OpenPush button
Normally OpenPush button
Normally ClosedPush button
Thank You